Ch. 18The Muslim World Expands

Section 1The Ottomans Build a Vast Empire

Turks Move into ByzantiumGhazis

Warriors for islamLeader/commander

Emir Formed military societies Strict Islamic code of conduct

Turks Move into ByzantiumOsman

Most successful ghazi Called Othman by westerners

Ottoman Followers

Built small Muslim state in Anatolia

Turks Move into ByzantiumTimur the Lame

From Samarkand(Central Asia)Interrupted the rise of the Ottoman empireRuthless warrior/conqueror

Powerful Sultans Spur Dramatic ExpansionMehmed II

Took Constantinople w/ cannons Now call Mehmed the Conqueror

Talented ruler brilliant warrior Opened Constantinople to new people w/ many

religions and backgrounds Rebuilt the city; called it Istanbul

Powerful Sultans Spur Dramatic ExpansionSelim the Grim

Moved through Syria, Palestine and North Africa

Accountable for Mecca and MedinaAquired Cairo (intellectual center of the

Muslim world)

Suleyman the LawgiverOttoman Empire

Reached it’s peak under SuleymanSuleyman the magnificent

How westerners referred to himGreat military leader

Suleyman the LawgiverSocial organization

Simplified and limited taxesSystematized and reduced government

bureaucracy

Suleyman the LawgiverSocial organization

Devshirme Army uses devshirme—drafts boys from conquered

lands Trains 30,000 elite soldiers—janissaries—loyal only to

the sultan Disciplined Heart of the Ottoman war machine

Suleyman the LawgiverSocial organization

Communities Millets (nations)

System kept conflict among people of various religions to a minimum

Suleyman the LawgiverCultural Flowering

Suleyman’s broad interests lead to flourishing of arts, learning

Painters and poets Looked to Persia and Arabia for models

Work used foreign influences to express original Ottoman ideas in Turkish styles

Suleyman the LawgiverEmpire Declines Slowly

Suleyman kills one son and exiles anotherThird son inherits throne but rules weakly

Section 2Cultural Blending

Cultural BlendingWhat is it?

Causes:

Results:

SafavidsMembers of an Islamic religious brotherhood

Isma’il Shi’a warrior Began to seize most of what is now Iran

SafavidsIsma’il

Took the title of Shahrecognized Shi’a Islam as the state religionEnraged the Ottomans

Destroyed the Sunni population of Baghdad

Safavid Golden AgeReformed aspects of military and civilian lifeEncouraged cultural blending

Established relations with European nationsSummoned artisans to the Safavid EmpireIndustry and art thrived

Safavid Golden AgeEncouraged cultural blending

Artistic collaborations Gave rise to beautiful artwork that decorated places

in Isfahan Persian carpets

Vital result of Western influence on the SafavidsHigh demand

Decline of the Dynasty

The Mughal Empire in India

Section 3

Babur

Akbar

Akbar

Aurangzeb

Early History of the MughalsBabur

Inherited a kingdom Area around Uzbekistan and Tajikistan Taken away by elders; moved south

Akbar’s Golden AgeAkbar (Great)

Babur’s grandsonPowerful military and political leader

combined a land of more than 100 million people

More than most of Europe shared

Akbar’s Golden AgeAkbar

Muslim Continued the Islamic tradition of religious freedom Arts, architecture, and literature flourished

Aurangzeb’s ReignMughal holding expanded to their greatest

sizeOppressive ruler; levied high taxes

Many died from famine while he waged war Lead to his demise

Intolerant of non-Muslim religions

Decline of the Dynasty