The National Tobacco-Free College Campus Initiative

Supporting the University System of Georgia’sNew Tobacco-Free Policy

USG Tobacco- and Smoke-Free Campus Implementation Kick-Off Macon, Georgia (July 10, 2014)

Clifford E. Douglas, J.D.Director, University of Michigan Tobacco Research Network

Lecturer, University of Michigan School of Public Health

Consulting Tobacco Control Policy Advisor, Office of the Assistant

Secretary for Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human

Services

The Health Consequences of Smoking:

50 Years of Progress

1964 2014

Remarkable Public Health Achievement

• In the last half century, lower smoking rates have saved about 8 million lives in the U.S. Average life expectancy has increased by about 10 years, almost one-third of which – about 3 years – is due to reductions in tobacco use

Source: Theodore R. Holford, Rafael Meza, Kenneth E. Warner, Clare Meernik, et al., Tobacco Control and the Reduction in Smoking-Related Premature Deaths in the United States, 1964-2012, JAMA 2014;311:164-171.

• Since 1964, cigarette smoking has killed more than 20 million Americans, including 2.5 million nonsmokers and more than 100,000 babies

• Today 42 million adults and 3 million middle and high school students in the U.S. smoke cigarettes

• Tobacco causes 480,000 deaths per year• Tobacco costs the U.S. $132 billion in medical

bills and $157 billion in lost productivity per year

But … the Tobacco Problem is Not “Solved”

Smoking Still Kills More Americansthan All of these Combined

AIDS

Car crashes

Heroin

Homicide

Alcohol

Fires

Cocaine

Suicide

Tobacco’s Tollin Georgia

• Health Toll• Adult smoking rate: 20.4% (1,515,600)• High school students who smoke: 12.8% (71,600)• High school students (males) who use

smokeless/spit tobacco: 15.7%• 10,300 adults die from smoking each year• 204,000 kids now under 18 are projected to die

prematurely from smoking

• Economic Toll• $3.18 billion in annual healthcare costs ($537

million covered by state’s Medicaid program)• $3.29 billion in annual productivity losses

“If young people don’t start using tobacco by age 26, they almost certainly will never start.”

- Acting Surgeon General Boris Lushniak

College Students – Projected Toll

• Based on current rates, it is projected that nationwide more than 1 million current college students will die from tobacco use

TFCCI Promotes Healthier Campus Communities Across the U.S.

Vision:Widespread expansion of tobacco-free policies to institutions of higher learning across the U.S.

Goals:1. Foster a collaborative and cooperative effort

among academic institutions and partners in the public health community

2. Expand awareness in academia and among the public of the need for and benefits of such policies

3. Facilitate information flow and access to technical assistance

U.S. Assistant Secretary for Health Howard Koh launching TFCCI with national leaders at the University of Michigan, September 12, 2012

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services

American College Health Association

University of Michigan Association of Schools and

Programs of Public Health

American Legacy Foundation Americans for Nonsmokers’

Rights Campaign for Tobacco-Free

Kids National Center for Tobacco

Policy

TFCCI is about Collaboration

Other key partners include colleges, universities,and public health organizations (e.g., American Cancer Society, American Lung Association)

TFCCI is about Communication

TFCCI/HHS Serves Your Region

TFCCI is about Communication

Please LIKE!

And FOLLOW @TFCCI!

TFCCI is about Leading by Example

“Many risk factors, including tobacco use, peak between 18-25 years of age. So college attendance can be a key turning point in whether or not a young adult becomes, or remains, addicted to tobacco… We are optimistic that by working together to encourage implementation of comprehensive tobacco-free policies at universities and colleges across the United States, we will accelerate the progress that has already been achieved.”

Acting U.S. Surgeon General Boris Lushniak, April 28, 2014

Campus Smoke- and Tobacco-Free Policies are Accelerating

As of July 3, 2014: 1,372 campuses are 100% smoke-free indoors and outdoors, with no

exemptions, including residential housing facilities (where applicable)

Of those, 938 (two-thirds!) have a 100% tobacco-free policy, and 176 now also prohibit

the use of e-cigarettes anywhere on campus

Here are some of the large campuses that have adopted comprehensive, campus-wide

tobacco-free policies:

• Emory University

• University of Kentucky

• University of South Carolina

• University of Oklahoma

• Arizona State University

• Montana State University

• University of Oregon

• University of California (all 10 campuses)

• City University of New York (all 24 campuses)

• University of Florida (“Gators don’t chew. They chomp!”)

• Exciting new addition: The entire Georgia public higher ed system (31 colleges & universities!)Source: Americans for Nonsmokers’ Rights Foundation,http://www.no-smoke.org/pdf/smokefreecollegesuniversities.pdf

In the first 22 months following the launch of TFCCI's campaign, 598 more college and university campuses went 100% smoke-free, a 77.3% increase!

Georgia is Part of a Highly Successful National Effort – Congratulations!

May-05 Now0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600100% Smoke-Free Campuses

This is What It Looks Like

Many Campuses Go Tobacco-Free

*• Image from tobacco-free campus PSA featuring Rah Sun Roberts, former head drum major, Bethune- Cookman University, Daytona Beach, FL

• Contain nicotine and are addictive• Not a safe alternative to cigarette smoking• Most smokeless tobacco products in the U.S. cause

oral, esophageal, and pancreatic cancer• Use of these products causes gum recession, gum

disease, and tooth loss• Increase risk of fatal heart attacks and stroke

Health Effects of Smokeless (Spit) Tobacco

• Ads promote use of smokeless tobacco products not to replace cigarettes but as a way for smokers to maintain addiction wherever they cannot smoke

Industry Promotes Dual Use of Cigarettes & Smokeless Tobacco

“There is a need to clearly position the [smokeless tobacco] product as a situational substitute for cigarettes rather than a replacement.” - R.J. Reynolds spokesman, 2009

Major New Issue: E-Cigarettes

The FDA Cautions Consumers Against Becoming Guinea Pigs

• The FDA considers electronic cigarettes a tobacco product, and not a way to quit smoking

DiscourageQuitting

Encourage Evasion ofSmoke-Free Laws

Lorillard wrote to FDA Commissioner Margaret Hamburg on October 23, 2013: “Responsible e-cigarette manufacturers, including blu eCigs, do not market to youth. Lorillard understands the sensitivity associated with advertising and marketing campaigns and their potential influence on minors. For this reason, blu e-Cigs is actively and effectively ensuring that its advertising is directed at adult smokers.”

Industry Says They “Do Not Market to Youth”

Recent Example of Not Marketing to Youth

Why Campus Policies are Including

E-Cigarettes

• E-cigarettes are derived from tobacco, contain nicotine, are inhaled, and emit fine particles that pollute the air

• E-cigarette aerosol is a dense mixture of vapor and fine particles that smells and looks like tobacco smoke

• If exempt from smoke-free policies, the appearance of many e-cigarette products, and the look and smell of e-cigarette aerosol, create confusion for campus enforcement purposes

• E-cigarette marketing encourages dual use (cigarettes and e-cigarettes) instead of quitting or truly switching, and also targets kids

• E-cigarettes threaten to “re-normalize” smoking

Campus Policies Work

Indiana University (vs. Purdue University)• Study compared undergraduates’ smoking behaviors and attitudes

at two Big Ten campuses with similar demographics … Indiana University (tobacco-free policy implemented in 2008) and Purdue University (no policy)

• Indiana University smoking prevalence: 16.5% in 2007; 12.8% in 2009 (-3.7 percentage points)

• Purdue University smoking prevalence: 9.5% in 2007; 10.1% in 2009 (+0.6 percentage points)

• Indiana University consumption rate: 6.6 cigs/day in 2007; 5.9 cigs/day in 2009 (-0.7 cigs/day, or 10.6%)

• Purdue University consumption rate: 5.2 cigs/day in 2007; 6.8 cigs/day in 2009 (+1.6 cigs/day, or 30.8%)

• Study also showed a favorable change in attitudes among Indiana University students regarding elimination of smoking in public places and on university property

Source: Dong-Chul Seo et al., The Effect of a Smoke-free Campus Policy on College Students’ Smoking Behavior and Attitudes, Preventive Medicine 2011;53:347-352.

Campus Policies are Effective

University of Michigan16 Months After Implementation

Smoking by faculty & staff dropped from 6% to 4%• 29% of smokers reduced consumption• 40% of smokers attempted to quit in last 12 months• 22% of smokers participated in university Tobacco Independence Program• 13% of faculty/staff who smoked reported the policy influenced them to

quit or attempt to quit smoking 89% of faculty/staff and 83% of students supported policy 72% of faculty/staff and 65% of students noticed decrease of smoking on

campus 16% of students who smoked reported the policy influenced them to quit

or attempt to quit smoking

Source: University of Michigan, MHealthy & “Smoking Declines After U-M Campus Ban,” May 9, 2013

Campus Policies are Effective

These policies are popular, widely accepted, and

largely self-enforcing, but require sustained attention

Campus enforcement approaches vary … many apply

“enforcement light” strategies

USG’s policy makes enforcement the

responsibility of the president, but notes that the

policy is also a shared community responsibility.

(Violations will be handled under the Student

Code of Conduct and campus human resource

policies.)

To be Most Successful, Campus Policies Must be Nurtured

The University of Kentucky’sInnovative Example

The “3 Ts” of effective tobacco-free policy implementation

Tell about the policy via good signage, branding, and integrated, consistent

communication

Treat tobacco users by providing free nicotine replacement therapies (NRT)

and a menu of counseling/behavioral support

Train staff and volunteers in firm yet compassionate scripting in handling

violators

Have a user-friendly process for reporting violations (www.uky.edu/Tobaccofree)

Reference: Hahn, E.J. et al., (2012). The Three T’s of adoptingtobacco-free policies on college campuses. Nursing Clinics ofNorth America, 47(1), 109-117.

EnvironmentalBenefits

Cigarette Litter = #1 Source of Waste

• 5.6 trillion cigarette butts dumped into the global environment annually

• Contain nicotine, pesticides, other chemicals• Single most commonly collected waste item found

each year in park and beach clean-ups• 25-50% of all collected litter from roads and streets,

and do not biodegrade• And … 18.6 billion trees are destroyed every year

for tobacco production

Campus Policies ReduceCigarette Butt Litter

• Researchers at the University of North Carolina concluded that 100% smoke- or tobacco-free policies are associated with reduced cigarette butts near building entrances compared with campuses with limited or no restrictions

• 77% fewer cigarette butts were found on college campuses with 100% smoke-free campus-wide policies

Source: Lee JGL, Ranney LM, Goldstein AO. Tobacco Control (2013), Tob Control 2013 22: 107-112, originally published online December 1, 2011, doi: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2011-050152, http://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/content/22/2/107.full.pdf+html.

Campus Policies ReduceCigarette Butt Litter

“Box plots of average cigarette butts per day at building entrances, by policy strength. Note that the centre bold line represents the median rate, the box represents the 25th through 75th percentiles and the ‘whiskers’ show the range of rates.” (p. 110)

Source: Lee JGL, Ranney LM, Goldstein AO. Tobacco Control (2013), Tob Control 2013 22: 107-112, originally published online December 1, 2011, doi: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2011-050152, http://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/content/22/2/107.full.pdf+html.

EconomicBenefits

Reduced employee health care costs Reduced absenteeism Increased employee productivity Cost savings in grounds and building maintenance

The costs of cleaning up this extensive pollution are borne entirely by communities and institutions, not tobacco manufacturers or their customers

Reduced fire damage

Economic Benefits of Strong Campus Policies

“There is no higher priority in public health than ending the tobacco

epidemic.”  Dr. Howard Koh, U.S. Assistant Secretary for Health