The Nervous and Endocrine Systems

By: Sarah Kujawa and

Rebecca Wigington

Classify the major structures of the nervous system (R)

Truth or Baloney?

The Central Nervous System (CNS) consists of the brain and heart. spinal cord

The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) consists of all other nerves projecting from CNS.

True!

List the 3 general functions of the nervous system (K)

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT a function of the nervous system?

A. Sensory

B. Integration

C. Motor Output

D. Hormone Secretion

Hormone Secretion is done by the endocrine system

Truth or Baloney

Motor output is when info from sensory nerves integrate into CNS by neurons.

Baloney: this is called integration; motor output is the stimulation of muscles and glands to move and secrete substances.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is FALSE about sensory functions

A. It monitors internal environment

B. An example is thirst

C. It monitors external environment

D. It is also called integration

BONUS

What kind of fish performs brain surgery?

A neurosturgeon!

Identify and state the function of the components of nervous tissue (K)

Word Bank: cell bodyNode of Ranvier axon nucleus

myelin sheath dendrite

Truth or Baloney?

The many short fibers that carry impulses to the cell body are the dendrites.

True!

The covering around an axon is the Node of Ranvier.

Baloney!

myelin sheath

Fill in the Blanks!

If a neuron is excitable it is able to transmit information in the form of the electrochemical changes called nerve impulses along nerve fibers to other neurons and types of cells.

Word Bank: Nerve Impulses, Nerve Fibers

Match the neuroglial cells to their function.

Astrocytes

Ependymal

Schwann Cells

Microglial Cells

Oligodendrocytes

Engulf microbes and remove waste.

Insulate neurons and form the myelin sheath.

Form connection between blood vessels and neurons.

Helps circulate cerebrospinal fluid.

Insulates the neuron and forms the myelin sheath.

Multiple Choice

Neuroglial cells can undergo mitosis. This is a problem when

A. They over reproduce and cause cancer

B. They under reproduce and cause cancer

C. They begin supporting a neuron

D. They stop sending impulses

Multiple Choice

Why is the reproductive inability of most CNS neurons a problem?

A. They do not sent impulses

B. They cannot be replaced once lost

C. It results in less neurons as a person ages

D. Both B and C

Describe the events that lead to the conduction of a nerve impulse (K)

Truth or Baloney

A nerve impulse is the depolarization and repolarization along an axon.

TRUE!!

Match the step to its description

Resting Potential, Depolarization, Repolarization, Action Potential

A threshold stimulus is received

NaK pump in cell membrane actively transports 3Na+ ions out of the cell for every 2K+ ions pumped into the cell.

Depolarization

Resting Potential

Match the step to its description

Resting Potential, Depolarization, Repolarization, Action Potential

A wave of action potential travels the length of the nerve fiber as a nerve impulse

K+ diffuses outward, and the inside of the nerve fiber is again negative

Action Potential

Repolarization

Na+, K+, Extracellular Fluid, Intracellular fluid, Na+/ K+ Pump, Cell membrane

4.

5.

Na+1.

3.Extracellular Fluid

K+

Intracellular fluid

Label the diagram of membrane potential

Na+/ K+ Pump

6.Cell membrane

2.

Label the Diagram

Mitochondria, synaptic vesicle, presynaptic neuron, dendrite of next neuron, postsynaptic receptor area, dendrite of next neuron, synaptic cleft, synaptic knob

Presynaptic

Neuron

Neurotransmitter

Dendrite of

next Neuron

1

4

3

2

5

6

7

8

Multiple Choice

A synapse is

a. The space between two neurons

b. The space between two cells.

c. The enlargement at the end of a neuron.

d. None of these answers are right

Truth or Baloney

A neurotransmitter is a substance secreted by an endocrine gland and transported in the blood.

BALONEY! This is describing a hormone. A neurotransmitter is chemical that axons secrete on effectors or other neurons. (A chemical messenger of the nervous system)

An inhibitory/ excitatory neurotransmitter decreases the chance that a nerve impulse will occur.

Excitatory causes nerve impulses

Matching

1. Acetylcholine

2. Dopamine

3. GABA

4. glutamate

•Excitatory; activates muscles

•Excitatory; learning and memory

•Inhibitory; motivation and pleasure and role in addiction

•Inhibitory; controls brain and anxiety

Matching

1. Epinephrine

2. Serotonin

3. Endorphin

•Excitatory; known as adrenaline, keeps you alert and mentally focused

•Inhibitory; reduces pain and increases pleasure

•Excitatory; sleepiness and mood

Explain how certain drugs interfere with nerve impulses (R)

Which diagram displays the effect of drugs on your brain?

Describe a nerve pathway and explain the importance of

reflexes (K)

Truth or Baloney

A nerve pathway is the path that hormones follow.

Baloney!! It is the path made by nerves that nerve impulses travel by.

Put the functions under the correct pathways.

Voluntary Involuntary

Complex pathway

Integrate several brain functions

Take longerSimple pathway

Involves only a few neuronsHappen quickly

Highly involved in homeostasis and protective reflexes

Label the nerve pathway

Sensory neuron

Interneuron

Motor neuron

neuron

1.3.

2.

Truth or Baloney?

Sensory neurons carry impulses from receptors to the brain or spinal cord.

True!

Interneurons are between vertebrae.Baloney! sensory and motor neurons

Motor neurons carry impulses to the brain.Baloney! muscles or glands.

What else are these known as?!Effectors

Circle the Right Answer

A reflex is a(n) voluntary / involuntary, semi-unconscious response to a stimulus

Match the Reflex to their function!

Simple Reflex

Withdrawl Reflex

Involves all 3 types of neurons

Involves 2 neurons

Helps maintain posture

Protective-may limit tissue damage

Truth or Baloney

Simple reflexes go to the brain, making it take longer to respond to a stimuli.

Baloney! Simple reflexes by-pass the brain allowing you to react to a stimulus faster than you can think about it. This protects you from more damaging injury than if you didn’t have reflexes

Choose the Best Answer

How does the brain know when a reflex has happened?

A. Blood vessels send the message

B. Bones relay the message

C. The message continues up the spinal cord

D. None of the above

Truth or Baloney

Health care professionals test reflexes to make sure our nerve fibers are sending messages effectively, because they are important for our protection.

TRUE!!

Obtain and analyze graphical representation of the electrical

activity during a reflex (S)

Which letter represents the electrical activity with reinforcement?

A B

B

Evaluate class data regarding the speed of neural transmission (S)

Test Total Time Average

Simple reaction time

3.51 .18

Discrimination reaction time

6.02 .30

Choice reaction time

7.30 .37

Simple reaction time increased distance

5.50 .28

Which reaction was the fastest? Simple reaction time

Identify the structures of the central nervous system and state their

functions (K)

Fill in the Blanks!

The two organs of the CNS are the brain and spinal cord.

Meninges are protective membranes between bone and nervous system soft tissues.

Word Bank: Spinal Cord, Bone, Brain, Soft Tissue

Match the layers to their description.

Dura Mater

(tough mother)

Arachnoid Mater (spider mother)

Pia Mater

(delicate mother)

Inner Layer

Outer Layer

Middle Layer

Truth or Baloney

The cerebrospinal fluid is produced in the ventricles of the brain and its primary function is to send neural transitions.

Baloney! It is protects the brain and excretes waste products

Truth or Baloney?The spinal cord is a bundle of neurons about 2

inches in length.

True!

The Spinal cord is made up of gray matter and white matter.

Baloney!

17

Circle the Right Answer

The spinal cord / vertebrae conducts nerve impulses and is the center for spinal reflexes.

The vertebrae protects the spinal cord

Circle the Right Answer

Gray / White matter is made up of axons.

Gray matter is made of cell bodies, glial cells and blood vessels

Truth or Baloney

Six spinal nerves extend from each segment of the spinal cord to allow nerves to go to each side of the body.

Baloney! Only two spinal nerves extend from each segment of the spinal cord

Label the diagram of a Spinal Cord.

Word Bank: Grey Matter, White Matter, Central Canal, Spinal Nerve

Name the parts of the brain!

1.

2. 3.

4.

Word Bank: Cerebellum, Diencephalon, Brainstem, Cerebrum

Brainstem

DiencephalonCerebrum

Cerebellum

Identify the parts of a sheep brain in the lab!

Word Bank: CerebrumSpinal Cord

Cerebellum

Word Bank: Pons, Medulla Oblongata, Midbrain

What part of the brain do these

structures make up?

Brainstem!

Match the Structures with their Function!

Brain stem

Hypothalamus

Thalamus

Cerebrum

Cerebellum

Interprets all functions except smell. Also contains synapses for voluntary movement.

Associated with regulation and coordination of movement, posture and balance.

Responsible for basic life functions.

Associated with higher brain functions such as thought and action.

Controls the automatic nervous system and coordinates the nervous and endocrine system.

Word Bank: Temporal Lobe, Frontal Lobe, Occipital Lobe, Parietal Lobe

Know their functions!!

Generate and interpret graphs to show the effect of distracters on

memory (S)

0123456789

Control Music Texting

Which distracter most effected memory?

Texting

Effect of distracters on memory

Where are memories processed?

A. The limbic system

B. The cerebellum

C. The hippocampus

D. The hypothalamus

Which of the following effect memory negatively?

A. Amnesia

B. Stroke

C. Drugs

D. Sleep

E. Alzheimer’s Disease

F. Traumatic brain injury (TBI)

G. Good nutrition

Which of the following can improve memory?

A. Practice

B. Making up stories about what is being memorized

C. Chunking words together

D. All of the above

Name and describe the structures of the peripheral nervous system (K)

Word Bank: Cervical Nerves, Sacral Nerves, Cauda Equina, Thoracic Nerves, Lumbar Nerves

Match the Spinal Nerve to the area it controls

Cervical Nerve

Thoracic Nerves

Lumbar Nerves

Sacral Nerves

Cauda Equina

Coccygeal Nerve

• Thoracic organs, upper abdominal organs

• Head, Neck, Arms• Lower back, legs, lower

abdomen• Buttocks, Hips, Rectum• Pelvic organs, bladder• Skin on back of coccyx

Match the Cranial Nerves to their function!

Olfactory

Optic

Vagus

Hypoglossal

Vestibulocochlear

Facial

Trigeminal

Vision

Speech and swallowing

Smell

Hearing and balance

Expression and taste

Sensation in face

Tongue

Circle the Right Answer

The Somatic / Autonomic Nervous System stimulates skeletal muscles.

The Autonomic Nervous System stimulate smooth/ cardiac muscles and glands

Multiple Choice

In which of the following situations is the autonomic nervous system important?

A. Being able to run in a fight or flight situation

B. Controlling heart rate

C. Allowing people to rest and digest

D. Both B and C

Compare and contrast the sympathetic and parasympathetic

nervous system (R)

The parasympathetic nervous system causes increased / decreased heart rate, increased / decreased blood pressure, and increased / decreased digestion.

Define hormone (K)

Multiple Choice!

A hormone is described as…

A)Any tissue or organ that secretes directly into the bloodstream.

B) A cell having a specific receptor that reacts with another specific cell.

C)A chemical that affects the metabolism or behavior of a cell.

Name and Describe the locations of the major endocrine glands and the

hormones they secrete (K)

WORD BANK

Hypothalamus Pituitary Thymes Pancreas Testes Ovaries Thyroid Adrenal Glands Parathyroid Pineal

3.

2.

6.

7.

9.

8.

10.1.

Testes4.

Ovaries5.

Match the Endocrine Gland with what it Secretes!

Pineal Gland

Pancreas

Ovaries

Testes

Adrenal

Parathyroid

Insulin

Testosterone

PTH

Adrenaline

Melatonin

Estrogen

Describe the steps that take place during the release of a hormone (K)

Put in order and provide an example!

2) The hormone is shuttles through the blood stream to a target cell.4) Negative feedback system control when the endocrine gland should be inhibited or begin to secrete again.3) Hormones stimulate changes in the target cell.1) The nervous system causes a hormone to be released.A fight or flight response, when you

sleep, during digestion.

No example necessary

Cardiac cells are targeted- heart beats faster. Skeletal muscles undergo cellular respiration.

Adrenaline stops being produced after fight or flight response.

Compare and contrast the nervous system and endocrine system (R)

Truth or Baloney

The nervous system is made out of epithelial cells

Baloney. The nervous system is made out of neurons and neorglial cells. This is describing the endocrine system

The name of the chemical that sends the signal in the endocrine system is called a hormone.

TRUE!!!

Circle the Right Answer

The chemical signal is received at receptors on the postsynaptic neuron in the Nervous System / Endocrine System.

The speed of onset of response in the nervous system is milliseconds /

seconds-hours.

Truth or Baloney

The duration of action in the endocrine system can be brief to days long.

TRUE!! (In the Nervous System the duration is milliseconds long.