the new jakarta

7/29/2019 The New Jakarta

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Economic Development and Policy

The New Jakarta, a Phenomenon of Jokowi Ahok and Their Influence on Economic Development

Name : Kharisma Putri AurumStudent ID : R1200422013

The New Jakarta, Phenomenon of Jokowi Ahok and Their Influence in

Economic Development

1. Jakarta, City of HopesJakarta officially known as the Special Capital Region of Jakarta (Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta) is the

capital city of Indonesia. As the capital city of Indonesia, Jakarta is always crowded by the sound of the

movements. Skycrapers, apartment complexes, crowded streets, business activities, and the same

things we can always find in every big city. Located on the northwest coast of Java, this city has been the

Indonesias economic and political center. Jakarta history started on 1527 while this city was famous

with the name Sunda Kelapa. Nowadays, Jakarta Capital City is grouped into five city administrative

areas and one district administrative area. This city is growing rapidly with more than 10 millions of

people live in its 740.28 km2

land area (data of 2011).

On July 11th

, 2012 a first round of Jakarta gubernatorial election was held, with a second round run-off

on September 20th

, 2012 to elect the Governor of Jakarta for the next five year term. Incumbent

governor was running for a second successive term, Fauzi Bowo. Two toped candidates came out as the

result from first round election, Joko WIdodo and Fauzi Bowo. After the second round, an official result

came out with the winner on September 29th

, 2012, Joko Widodo won the election with 53.82% of

votes.

Some people said this election is a symbol of democratic maturity of Indonesia, especially for Jakartans.

The enthusiasm of Jakartans was very high, even the background of the winner is not very common for

Jakarta Governor. Jokowi and his partner as vice governor, Basuki Tjahaya Purnama (Ahok) are called as

the representations of young generations and educated voters. With their campaign strategy which very

different, they even did not have to spend high cost, several community became their sympathizer

instead. The new era of democracy has come, people become more rational and aware of politic.


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Table 1 Schedule of Jakarta Governor Election of 2012

DATE ACTIVITY

March 13th

-19th

, 2012 Registration of Jakarta Governor Election candidates

May 20th

-20th

, 2012 Announcement of voters list

June 24th

-July 7th

, 2012 Campaign Period

July 11th

, 2012 First round election

September 14th

-16th

, 2012 Campaign Period

September 20th

, 2012 Second round election

October 7th

, 2012 Inauguration

2. Knowing Jokowi and AhokJoko Widodo or famous known as Jokowi has successfully attracted many attentions of Jakartans, even

Indonesians, by his candidacy for Jakarta Governor on 2012. His simple and innocent character make

people remain for the need of honest leader. Jokowi was a furniture exporter who entered politics for

the first time when he ran for mayor in 2005, he is widely perceived as clean and capable in a country

beset by corruption Transparency International ranked Indonesia 100th out of 182 countries in 2011.

As mayor of Surakarta, Jokowi helped relocate street vendors to ease traffic congestion and introduced

a modern tram system. He streamlined business application procedures, widened access to health

services and cleaned up slums, the last issue with special appeal to Jakarta voters. In 2010, he was re-

elected with 90.9 percent of the vote. Jokowi named worlds third best mayor in the 2012 World Mayor

Prize on World Mayor Project, a project conceived and organized by the City Mayor Foundation that

already started since 2004.

Basuki Tjahaja Purnama was born with Tionghoan name Zhong Wanxie is Jokowi s partner as Vice

Governor of Jakarta Capital. He started his career as an owner of mining contractor on 1989, during his

business period he found some unfair bureaucracy knocked off his company. This experience

encourages him to finally start his political action on 2003. Before candidating as Jakarta vice Governor,

Basuki or famous as Ahok was in charge as a regent of East Belitung Municipality on 2005-2006. He is

the first regent of this municipality who came from Tionghoa ethnic, a minority ethnic in Indonesia. With

his unordinary campaign method, Ahok successfully gained many votes from the people of East Belitung.

Instead of spent his money to make people vote him, he gave his phone number so that people can

communicate directly to him. He entered legislative body on 2009 and create new standard of anti-


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corruption, transparency, and professionalism. On 2006, TEMPO Magazine called his as one of ten

people who had changed Indonesia. On 2007, he called as Anti-Corruption Figure from the association

which composite of Indonesia Trade Group, Ministry of Public Officer, and Indonesian Transparency

Society.

3. A Vision Called The New JakartaPeople said the winning Jokowi-Ahok the winning of smart voters. The crowd of Jakarta Governor

Election was heard all over country and brought out the spirit of democracy, especially from young

people. Putra Daerah or means people who born and grow up in the city is not really important

anymore as long as they have a strong character, integrity, courage, and humility. Jakartans were very

hopeless with Jakartas problem. Many problems have been covering this city and pathetically they did

not find a figure who can even give some spirits and hopes for this city. The rise of Jokowi-Ahok withtheir proven past leadership figure gave so much influence to the people.

The rise of Jokowi-Ahok to power is certainly not smooth. Initially they were considered to be peanuts

in the tough political contestation. But the genuine-type and proven leader such as Jokowi quickly

gained popularity among the public who were tired with the previous leadership. Furthermore, Ahok

himself had been much challenged due to his minority issue. But with his humbleness and unprovoking

reaction to the issue, Ahok finally succeeded winning the test. The winning of Jokowi-Ahok would also

provide momentum in the countrys political sphere. Previously lots of people thought that only money

and the elite power that can control the many. But a simple leader like Jokowi and a minority figure such

as Ahok can win too. In other words, Indonesian democracy becomes more and more aligning towards a

better direction (Projecting Indonesia, 2012).

Went through their first 100 days, Jokowi-Ahok still on the right track with people of Jakarta will still be

watching on their work. Some policies have already been made; they also made a great move on

bureaucracys environment. They built great communication not only with local government, but also

people of Jakarta. On the other hand, they just as strict with bad bureaucracy and brought out

transparency as a new trend. With a jargon Jakarta Baru or literally means a new Jakarta, they utilized

social media as part of their transparency. The video of Ahoks meeting with some public officials has

uploaded to PemprovDKIs Youtube account and has been watched by millions people. Jokowi-Ahok

were trying to change the face of Jakarta Governance from elitist-bureaucratic to technocratic-

humanist.


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4. Good Governance, Good EconomyAccording the definition of good governance by UN, there are 8 points to define what good

governance is;

1) Consensus Oriented,2) Participatory,3) Following the Rule of Law,4) Effective and Efficient,5) Accountable,6) Transparent,7) Responsive,8)

Equitable and Inclusive.

Some studies also stated that corruption, as one of the type of bad governance, has many consequences

to economic condition. Corruptions might be negatively associated with economic development. Mauro

(1995) investigates the causal relationship between government corruption and economic growth. He

uses three indices on judicial system, red-tapism (formalism or Methodism), and corruption to measures

Bureaucratic Efficiency (BE). Mauro found positive correlation between BE index and per capita GDP,

between BE index and GDP per capita growth, between BE index and the ratio of investment to GDP.

It cannot be argued, healthy political situation will bring healthy economic condition of society. People

will have higher willingness to invest in such country with healthy political situation where represent the

stability of the country. On their article titled Analysis: Jokowi-Ahok signal many wins for Indonesia

(posted on The Jakarta Post Tue, September 25 2012, 10:55 AM), Debnath Guharoy and Roy Morgan

made an analysis about the winning of Jokowi-Ahok and how their influence to Jakartans economic

level. A chart captures the transformation that has taken place in just the last five years. From bad

time to good time, the cross-over is now complete and heading in the right direction despite the

occasional flutter or two. The real economy is in good shape, with consumption today and demand

tomorrow as robust as ever.


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Figure 1 Good Time to Buy a Major Household Appliance

Guharoy and Morgan found the line that tracks the Good time to buy sentiment happens to run

almost identical to the line that records the march of Indonesias rising middle class, while the

momentum of Jakarta Governor Election started. One line has shot up from 27 percent of the

population to 50 percent in 5 years, as seen in the chart. Moreover, the countrys middle class grow

steadily from 28 to 49 percent. These opinions are influenced by Roy Morgan Single Source, the

countrys largest syndicated survey. More than 26,000 respondents are interviewed every year, week

after week. The data is projected to reflect 87 percent of the population 14 years of age and over.

The chart captures when the bad time became the good time. It was on March 2012, which is the

same period of time with the registration phase for Jakarta Governor Election candidates. As can be

seen from the chart, there is a significant increases of good time from 40% on June 2011 to 50% on

June 2012, which is the highest from the last 5 years. Percentage of good time means number of

respondents who feel that it was the good time to buy a major household appliance. This is actually

represents how they think about their economic level and their confidency. The rises of Jokowi-Ahok as

a figure of good leader brought the rises of hope of people about their economic condition and quality

of life.

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