the new nation’s relations with native americans 1
TRANSCRIPT
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The New Nation’s Relations with Native Americans
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1. Why did William Apess think that whites were responsible for the way his grandparents treated him?
2. What name did William Apess think his people should be called?
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Before and after the Seven Years’ War (1756-63)
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Proclamation of 1763
Source: National Atlas of the United States of America (1970).
-No colonists wests of the Appalachians-Only authorized traders in Indian territory-Land sales must be approved by British superintendents
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Portrait by George Romney, 1776. National Gallery of Canada
Joseph Brant (Thayendanegea)
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Standards of international law – 18c.
• Right of discovery• Right of conquest• Treaties between sovereign nations– Indians treated as inferior
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Geographic expansion
• Republican theorists: political independence depends upon land ownership
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Northwest Ordinance 1787
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Northwest Indian Wars(1785-1795)
‘Western confederacy’
Treaty of Greenville (1795)
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Indian Land Cessions
http://college.cengage.com/history/primary_sources/us/indian_land_cessions.htm
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Alexander McGillivrayScottish father, Creek mother
Became officer of British army during the Revolution
Wealthy trader and influential Creek leader
Florida Historical Society
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U.S. Constitution (1787): Congress had exclusive right to negotiate treaties with Native Americans Treaty of New York (1790): U.S. promised to protect Creeks from Georgia settlers
Shift from ‘right of conquest’ to treaties
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‘Civilization’ policy
Agricultural tools and livestock were distributed to Indians who settled on farms.
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Trade and Intercourse Acts (1790-1802)
• Set up government trading posts• Specified punishment for whites who
encroached on Indian land or committed crimes
• Regulated sale of Indian land• Authorized gifts: tools, farm animals, spinning
wheels, etc.– > role of ‘agents’
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Thomas Jefferson (President, 1801-1809)
Ideal of the agrarian republic
Goal of civilizing the Indians--Farming--Gender roles
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Louisiana Purchase (1803)