The New Worldand its colonies

and why did those people come to the new world?....

Who went where?

I-SPANISH EMPIRE

-VICEROYALTY OF NEW SPAIN, NEW GRANADA, PERU, and LA PLATA

-SOCIAL GROUPS: PENINSULARES, CREOLES, MESTIZOS, NATIVE AMERICANS, and SLAVES

-SETTLEMENTS: PUEBLOS, PRESIDIOS OR FORTRESSES, and MISSIONS

-LABOR: ENCOMIENDAS (NATIVE AMERICANS) and SLAVES (PLANTATIONS)

II. DUTCH

-SETTLERS BOUGHT MANHATTAN ISLAND FROM INDIANS AND CALLED IT NEW AMSTERDAM.

-BUILT TRADING POSTS ALONG THE HUDSON RIVER.

-RIVALS OF FRENCH IN FUR TRADE.

-FRIENDS OF IROQUOIS.

-1655: DUTCH TOOK CONTROL OF "NEW SWEDEN", SWEDISH COLONY IN THE DELAWARE’S MOUTH.

-1664: ENGLAND CONQUERED DUTCH SETTLEMENTS

III-FRENCH

-EXPLORED AND SETTLED THE REGION ALONG THE ST. LAWRENCE RIVER.

-TRAPPERS AND TRADERS.

-FRIENDS OF ALGONQUINS AND HURONS.

-EXPLORED AND CLAIMED THE MISSISSIPPI VALLEY, BUILT FORTS ALONG THE RIVER, AND NAMED THE REGION. "LOUISIANA". THEY BUILT NEW ORLEANS.

IV-ENGLISH COLONIES

1-VIRGINIA-1587: ROANOKE SETTLEMENT (117 PEOPLE) "THE LOST COLONY"

-1607: CHESAPEAKE BAY. THEY CALLED THE RIVER JAMES: JAMESTOWN. CAPTAIN JOHN SMITH & POCAHONTAS.

-1619: A DUTCH SHIP BROUGHT 20 AFRICAN SLAVES.

IV-ENGLISH COLONIES

2-MASSACHUSETTS-1620: THE MAYFLOWER BROUGHT 101 PILGRIMS TO CAPE COD; THE CALLED THE TOWN PLYMOUTH.

-THE PEMAQUID INDIANS HELPED THEM (SQUANTO): HOW TO PLANT CORN AND TRAP FUR ANIMALS.

-NEXT FALL THEY HAD A GOOD HARVEST: THANKSGIVING DAY.

-GREAT MIGRATION:

.1630: 17 SHIPS (1,000 PURITANS) ARRIVED AT MASSACHUSETTS BAY (BOSTON).

.1630-40: 20,000 MORE SETTLERS ARRIVED AT MASSACHUSETTS BAY.

Difference B/W French and British

colonies....

British Frenchmore agricultural products

colonists tend to be families not single men

might be more religious based

more trapping and fur trade

colonists tend to be single men

not so intent on establishing new communities - more concerned with trade and $

1. Jamestown,

Virginia

Jamestown ColonyIt begins in Jamestown 1607

-Virginia Company- company that formed to find gold in the new world. They are the colonists of Jamestown

John Smith- became the leader of Jamestown. Not a fancy man....

Hard times- John Smith says, “no work no eat”.

Chief Powhatan- leader of the Native Indians

Jamestown Colony

1609 Starving Time

These graves mark the Starving Time, the desperate winter of 1609-1610. When a load of new colonists landed in mid-August 1609, the situation was dire. They brought few provisions: their supply ships had run aground in Bermuda. Indians were besieging Jamestown. The colony's leader, Captain John Smith, left for England in October for treatment of a gunpowder burn. Food supplies were exhausted. The settlers feared to leave the fort to fish or hunt. By the spring, more than half the colony had perished from disease and famine.

One colonist wrote that some of the starving resorted to digging up corpses for food. Evidence of this has yet to be found.

“Thus we lived for the space of five months in this miserable distress… our men night and day groaning in every corner of the fort…”

Jamestown colonist, A New World

“sixtie men, women and children, most miserable and poore creatures; and those were preserved for the most part, by roots, herbes, acornes, walnuts, berries, now and then a little fish…yea, even the very skinnes of our horses.”

John Smith, 1609

Jamestown Colony

1609 Starving Time

John Rolfe - will take over, he married Pocahontas, he is the one who 1st planted “brown gold” a.k.a tobacco

Jamestown Colony

Colonists and Native Americans

More than anything else is was conflicts over land that led to so many problems between the colonists and the Native Americans

NA felt land could not be owned- it was a gift of the gods

Colonists, of course, felt you could own land

Jamestown ColonyThe colony becomes valuable with all the money made from tobacco and lumber.

The crown takes over the business and Virginia becomes a royal colony

Jamestown ColonyThe royal colony has an appointed (chosen) governor (Governor Berkley) but the 1st ever political legislature (law making body) is created in Virginia -

1619 The House of Burgesses

This is an SOL questio

n

Jamestown Colony

The Virginia colony begins a headright system where each new colonist received 50 acres of land (free!)

Jamestown Colony

Soon Virginia has lots of farmers and the first indentured servants - people who contract their labor in exchange for free passage to the new land from Europe

Jamestown ColonyBy 1619 the first slaves are imported into the coloniesthey are brought there to work the planation farms

Virginia ColonyBacon’s

Rebellion- 1st rebellion in the

colonies

1676 Nathaniel Bacon lived in the frontier or western part of the Virginian colony

He and his neighbors felt they had no representation in the House of Burgess

Tax laws were being made without their input and it was a burden on them

They rebelled - set Jamestown on fire -- the governor fled...One month later Bacon dies and the rebellion died too

2. Massachuset

ts

Massachusetts 1620 The first Pilgrim colonists arrive on the boat called the Mayflower

It was a beer run...

PILGRIMS: PROTESTANT SEPARATISTS LOOKING FOR RELIGIOUS FREEDOM.

Massachusetts Before they get off the boat they create the first independence document called The Mayflower Compact- which set up the rules of their self-run government.

It was a covenant (promise) to take care of each other.

It is one of our foundation documents

"In the name of God, Amen. We, whose names are underwritten, the Loyal Subjects of our dread Sovereign Lord, King James, by the Grace of God, of England, France and Ireland, King, Defender of the Faith, e&. Having undertaken for the Glory of God, and Advancement of the Christian Faith, and the Honour of our King and Country, a voyage to plant the first colony in the northern parts of Virginia; do by these presents, solemnly and mutually in the Presence of God and one of another, covenant and combine ourselves together into a civil Body Politick, for our better Ordering and Preservation, and Furtherance of the Ends aforesaid;

And by Virtue hereof to enact, constitute, and frame, such just and equal Laws, Ordinances, Acts, Constitutions and Offices, from time to time, as shall be thought most meet and convenient for the General good of the Colony; unto which we promise all due submission and obedience.

In Witness whereof we have hereunto subscribed our names at Cape Cod the eleventh of November, in the Reign of our Sovereign Lord, King James of England, France and Ireland, the eighteenth, and of Scotland the fifty-fourth. Anno Domini, 1620."

William Bradford (1590-1657): Leader of the separatist settlers of the Plymouth Colony in Massachusetts, and was elected thirty times to be the Governor. First Thanksgivings.

Massachusetts

By 1630 there are even more colonists- called Puritans living

in the colony

PURITANS: PROTESTANT REFORMERS. ELIMINATE CATHOLIC PRACTICES.

-PURITANS ESTABLISHED A VERY STRICT SOCIETY BASED ON THE LAWS OF GOD.

-JOHN WINTHROP WAS ELECTED GOVERNOR

-THEY CREATED A GENERAL COURT (REPRESENTATIVE ASSEMBLY)

Massachusetts

The leader is John

Winthrop

John Winthrop wants the Puritans to establish a “city upon a hill” - a bright shiny “city upon the hill” to serve as an example of good, moral behavior

Except there are always troublemakers....

Massachusetts

Anne Hutchinson (1591-1643): Bostonian woman who opposed some Puritan ideas about how to win heaven (good deeds v. good soul) and was forced to exile (RI)

-Roger WilliamsWanted separation

of Church and State

He was exiled from the colony, fled and founded Providence R.I.

The Second Great Awakening

The Great Awakening

-Puritans began to lose control of their society...but in 1740 there was a strong increase in Puritan faith

Ministers like Jonathan Edwards stressed the emptiness of material life and the fury of a divine wrath.

- His most famous sermon was

“Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God

-George Whitefield brought about new religious denominations

RHODE ISLAND

-ROGER WILLIAMS, considers the land belonging to the Indians and thinks the settlers should buy it from them

he also believes people should be able to practice any religion

he escapes persecution and creates the colony of Rhode Island

CONNECTICUT

-Thomas Hooker, disagree with Winthrop

_ 1636 he and 100 followers go to the Connecticut River Valley.

-1639 they write the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut and set up a new govt.

Comparing Colonial Life

THE 13 ENGLISH COLONIES

I-NEW ENGLAND COLONIES

II-MIDDLE COLONIES

III-SOUTHERN COLONIES

1. New England Way of Life

--Massachusetts

- Connecticut

- New Hampshire

- Rhode Island

1. New England Way of Life

-REGION RICH IN FORESTS, ROCKY AND NOT FERTILE SOIL, HARSH CLIMATE, GOOD HARBORS, NEXT TO THE OCEAN.

-FISH AND FUR WAS EASY.

-ENGLAND NEED AND PAID WELL FOR SHIPS FOR THE NAVY.

-PEOPLE BECAME WOODCUTTERS, TRAPPERS, SHIPBUILDERS, FISHERS, WHALERS, AND TRADERS.

-YANKEES: HARD, SHARP, AND CLEVER PEOPLE.

1. New England Way of Life

-PURITAN STYLE OF LIFE:

.TOWNS (THE COMMON, THE MEETING HOUSE, WOODEN HOUSES LINED BOTH SIDES OF COMMON), WOMEN WITHOUT RIGHTS,

.STRICT RULES

.VERY CONCERN WITH EDUCATION (CREATION OF PUBLIC SCHOOLS SUPPORTED BY TAXES) HARVARD-1636(MASS) , YALE-1701(CONN)

I1. Middle Colonies

New York

New Jersey

Pennsylvania

Delaware

William Penn - founder of Pennsylvania

Pennsylvania

The most religiously tolerant colony. They take anyone in!

QUAKERS: PROTESTANT REFORMERS. NO MINISTERS, NO TAXES TO CHURCH, NO FANCY CLOTHES, AGAINST KINGS AND WARS, MEN AND WOMEN ARE EQUAL.

New YorkNEW YORK

-FORMER NEW AMSTERDAM. VERY BUSY DOCKS.

-THE ENGLISH KING GAVE THE COLONY TO HIS BROTHER, THE DUKE OF YORK.

-1683: NEW YORKERS ELECTED A REPRESENTATIVE ASSEMBLY TO MAKE LAWS.

-PEOPLE FROM MANY DIFFERENT PLACES.

New Jersey

NEW JERSEY

-1664: THE DUKE OF YORK GAVE PART OF HIS COLONY TO TWO FRIENDS (LORD BERKELEY & SIR GEORGE CARTERET) AND CREATED THE PROPRIETARY COLONY OF NEW JERSEY.

-1702: THE KING TOOK THE COLONY BACK AND CREATED A ROYAL COLONY.

Deleware

DELAWARE

-PENN ASKED THE DUKE OF YORK SOME LAND TO HAVE AN OUTLET ON THE COAST. HE GAVE HIM "THE LOWER COUNTIES" AT THE DELAWARE MOUTH.

-1701: PENN LET THE LOWER COUNTIES TO BECOME A SEPARATE COLONY

I1. Middle Colonies Way of Life

-FERTILE LANDS OF THE HUDSON & DELAWARE RIVER VALLEYS.

-SUMMERS WARMER AND LONGER THAN IN NEW ENGLAND.

-"THE BREADBASKET" COLONY: SURPLUSES OF WHEAT, BARLEY, AND RYE (GRAINS).

-THEY RAISE CATTLE AND PIGS.

-LARGE NATURAL DEPOSITS OF IRON ORE.

-MANUFACTURES OF GUNS, TOOLS, HARDWARE, ETC.

-TOWNS WERE NOT THE CENTER OF LIFE.

-PRIVATE SCHOOLS

 

II1. Southern Colonies

Maryland

Virginia

North Carolina

South Carolina

Georgia

Southern ColoniesMaryland

MARYLAND

-1632: LORD BALTIMORE, A KING’S FRIEND, RECEIVED A COLONY IN THE NORTHERN AREA OF VIRGINIA. HE WAS HAVING PROBLEMS IN ENGLAND BECAUSE HE WAS CATHOLIC.

-MANY CATHOLICS CAME TO MARYLAND.

-1649: THE ACT OF TOLERATION IS APPROVED FOR MARYLAND ASSEMBLY. MANY PROTESTANTS CAME TO THE COLONY TOO.

Southern ColoniesCarolina

-royal colony named after King Charles

-Charles Town became major port city

-large slave populations

-North Carolina created as refuge for the poor and dissenters

-remained thinly populated until mid 1700’s

Southern ColoniesOther Colonies

-Georgia

James Olgethorpe

haven for debtors

also was a buffer from Spanish areas

Southern Colonies Way Of Life

1-TIDEWATER REGION (COAST AND RIVER VALLEYS): LOW GROUND.

-WARM CLIMATE

-SOIL GOOD FOR RICE, TOBACCO, AND COTTON.

Southern Colonies Way Of Life

-PLANTATION STRUCTURE (GREAT HOUSE, KITCHEN, FOREMEN HOUSES, SLAVES’ HUTS, STABLE, BARN, AND PLANTING FIELDS).

-EDUCATION BY PERSONAL TUTORS.

-THE "MIDDLE PASSAGE" PROVIDED THE SLAVES (100,000 PER YEAR).

-

Southern Colonies Way Of Life

-SLAVE CODES

-ROTATION OF CROPS TO AVOID WEARING THE SOIL.

-PLANTATIONS’ OWNERS BECAME VERY RICH.

-WHY SLAVES?

.EXAMPLE FROM SPAIN (PROFITS)

.AFRICANS USED TO WARM CLIMATE

.HARD TO ESCAPE (SKIN COLOR)

.ONE TIME EXPENSE