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ITHE NEWSLETTER

VOLU T,TE TX, NO 1 1986

M IRA's lnterns Focus on Halley's

A roCIn full of children beconres quiet and gradtnllythe story of a special ccxnet unfolds before them.

'Hitching a Ride on Halley: The Story of a Comet andthe Family of the Sun' is the centerpiece of M IRA'sSchool Outreach Progratno A forty-minute audio-visual program, it is one aspect of the many waysthat MIRA tnterns have hel ped the lnstitute bring theexciternent of astronomy to our community. M IRA'sdtnl purposes are to condrct fundamental research inastroncmy ard astrophysics and to pro/ide publiceducation in these ir€osr The MIRA tntern Programrepresents a significant contribution to achieving thelatter goal.

This February the lntern Program began its second|€?rr For each new tntern, the program begins witha one semester survey of astronomy, which has beentaught by Dr. Cynthia lrvin€r In an exploratiqr ofthe universe from the inner solar system to the limitsof the cosmos, particular emphasis is given to areasof astronomy that are foci of research at MIRA. Theclass includes field trips to the observatory and guestlect ur€s.

ffiern Ralph Tunrlr brirys tl:e arcitement d HalleglsComd, ard. afunong fo studerts at il Gabilart*Iaolzr,SUnas. (pWn bg R.I. I{er.ker)

When al I of the lectures were over, ever)one took a

take-tronre final and attended a party hosted by Billand Edan Denholm. Then work began on two neweducational proiects. The f irst was a regularschedule of tours of the Oliver Observing Station onCheur Ridge.

With Ral ph Turner taking the lead, Vince Halter, TomPelikan, od Bill Denholm worked on plans for thetours. To learn abom technical aspects of theobservatory's operation, they interviewed members ofM IRA's professional staff . They visited theObserving Station ald watched as astronomersdemonstrated the telescope and instrumentation.Their ca ref ul study of the ccrrplexities of theobservatory resulted in a script that could be used byother lnterns when the tours began. They prepareda sl ide presentation abom M IRA's growth f rorn adream to an observatory where ccmplex researchproj ects are und€rwalo The presentation is shownbefore each tour'

cor,fitw.d,

PUBLISHED BY THE MONTEREY INSTITUTE FOR RESEARCH IN ASTRONOMY, A NON-PROFIT CORPORATION

9OO MAJOR SHERMAN LANEMoNTEHEv, cALtFoRNtA 99940 (408) 375-3220

Just before tours began last Aug6t, Cathleen Connelt,Marcia Dahle, nd Cynthia lrvitr€, acccrnpanied byassorted children, spent a weekend morning cleaningard arranging the exhibit roqn at the observatory.Thei r efforts resulted in a remarkable transformationof the Jower floor of the observatory's south building.After the tours beg?tr, Edan Denholm noted the needfor chairs in the exhibit roortr Since then, M IRA has

received several gifts to provide seating for visitors.At the Decernber Potlrck, Anne Srnith of fered tomatc h the next f ive gifts of $20 for ex hibit roomchairs. Tours are on a reservation-only basis.Winter weather and poor road conditions preventtours being scheduled year- roud, but tours willresume again this spring.

MIRA's other major new proiect has been the SchoolOutreach Pr<Eratno A generous grant of $101000 fronrthe David and Lucile Packard Foundation has providedfor all of the materials that would be needed.During the summer tnterns gathered at the M IRAoffice to prepare the presentations and handouts forthe progrdrl. The result was a pac ket for eachclassroom including a School Letter for each student,computer software, classroom activity book, a test,library resource lists, and a gane called' Astrot riv ia. '

An essential ingredient in the Sclrcol OrtreachProgram has been the audio-visual presentation,'Hitching a Ride on Halley's,' which was written byJoln Bergez. lt consists of 72 slides acconpanied bya 40-minute cassette tape with narration by ToddLueders. The presentation takes the students on animaginary ride through the solar system on Halley'sCornet. Ch ild ren tea rn about cmtets a nd d iscove rthat the family of the sun includes not only theplanets, but cornets and asteroids as well.

Classroom pac kets are mailed to each school inadvance of the audio-visual presentation. Later a

MIRA voltnteer takes the presentation to the school.These volunteers include not only the originallnterns, but others interested in hel pring to bring theadventure of astronqny to young people. Edan

Denholm took on the conrplex iob of scheduling thepresentations at the school. The systern she devisedfor keeping track of the many phone calls that comein rega rding t he out reach program has beenremarkable and even more remarkable are the manyhours she has spent on the telephone arranging timesfor the volrnteers to visit the schools.

The fthool Outreach Program has been offered toover 10,000 students in the 4th, 5th, and 6th gradesthroughom Monterey C-ounty. lt has been an

enormous undertaking and its success has been verydeperdent upon the dozens of volunteers who havegiven their time arrd talent to the lntern kogratrlo

Volunteers for M lRA's lntern Program include: DavidAguero, lohn Bergez, Dorothy Biller, Judy Blamer,Bill Bollwerk, Ma rgaret Chan, Cathleen Connell,Marcia Dahle, Bill Denholm, Edan Denholm, Reed

Dunham, Patricia Edgerton, Chris Essert, DavidFal kner, Star Ceraw?tr, Robert Cross, Vince Halter,Lee l-bcker, Barbara HonegB€f, Norma Johnson, BillLester, Todd Lueders, Steve Mandel, Ralph Meeker,

Kurt Meyer, Randy Meyers, Kate MineNE, M ichaelNeedham, Tom Pelikan, Suzi Shephard, Marlene Thorn,Ralph Turner, Paula Walling, Andy Weston, SteveWhite, Lee Wiest, and Cynthia Lowe Wolfe. Joiningthe lntern Program this Februa ry were CloriaBelans ki, Nancy Bennett, Paula Bense, CeorgeDaskloff, Michael Hubl€y, Alexander Melfi, RosemaryLindstrmr, Anne Srnith, Steve Upton, dd MichelleUpton. New volunteers are always welcome, justcall the M IRA of f ice.

Dr. Cynthia lrvine

I wotfld fike b fuome a FrieA, d AI3,A arfrendoe mg membeship donation d $_.In ddition, I am makiry a spciat gift, d$.

MCirdeasmcratesvxainiryPatcrcin

SponscrItIemberftudertr.,

IIIRA weJcomes corpor;r@ arf,, bt^lslness members.Confuibrfibrzs are tar( dductihle.

IVame

Address

Plpr:er

$ looo.oo500.00700.00250.0050',0030.0070.00

zip

March 15

April 12

May 10

June 7July sAugust 8-10

Amateur Astronqny Notes

The Amateur Astronomy CIub of the Friends of MIRAstart ed 1986 with a couple of successful cornetwatches. At the watches where a view of the cometwas not available, folks enjoyed the Orion nebula,M41, ?d other interesting obiects. Plans are in thework to find a site with a clear view of the horizonin the southeast to catch a gl impse of Halley's as itccrnes out fronr behind the sun in early April. Be

prepared, however; you will have to be an early birdard rise about three E.lTt. to get a view.

The star pa rty schedule for the first half of 1986

fottows, and tfn regular club meetings are still thelast Wednesday of the month at 7:30 prfflo in theplanetarium at Hartnell College in SaliraSr You maycall Stew Hobson at 373-7560 for more informationand to get your name on the mailing list for theamateur newsletter.

Canis ltlajor and Si rius

As spring approaches and Orion is sinking in the west,Canis Major, the big dog which is a natural cmrpanionfor the hunter Orion, can be fotnd south and east ofOrion. The three stars in Orion's belt point to thebright star, Sirius, which is the nose of Canis Major.

Sirius is the brightest of the fixed stars, lts namecomes from the Creek work seirios, meaning sparklingor scorching. This name makes sense because inancient tinres its appearance in early luly coincidedwith the hottest days of the !€Err Sirius is referredto as the dog star and the expression'dog days'came f rmr Sirius being overhead at the lpttest andmost uncomfortable part of the surltn€ro lt is thefifth nearest star known. At a distance of 8.7 lightyears this 'near' star is 5501000 times more distantthan the suoo

Sir Edmtmd Halley in observ ing Sirius in 1718discove red ' prope r motion.' l-'le obse rv ed that theposition of Sirius was different from that given in thecatalogues of Ptolemy and other ancient records ofarotrnd 150 AD. ln the last 2000 years Sirius has

changed its position # minutes, or about one and ahalf times the apparent width of the fftoore

When observing Sirius you should look for M41. It is

four degrees (approximately four finger widths) southof Sirius. M41 is a very bright star cluster, visible tothe naked eye when seeing conditions are good andan excellent ohject to view in binoculars. lt containsabotn 25 bright stars and covers with its fainter starsa field as large as the rnoon. M41 has been observedas far back as 325 BC when Aristotle noted it as oneof t hcse rnysterious 'cloudy spots.'

Sirius has a cornpanion star called Sirius B or 'thepup.' Sirius B is a white dwarf. lt's about threetimes the diameter of the earth and has 250,000times the fir?ss. Sirius B was first discovered byAlvan Clark when Clark was testing an 18 1/z-inchrefracting telescope he had iust cmrpleted. At thattime, 1862, that telescope was the targest refractorin the world. This is a diff icult obiect for amateurviewitrg, but a good test of seeing conditions. Unlessatmospheric conditions a re very Bod, Sirius B isusually lost in the glare of Sirius.

Joanne AIIen

Star Parties

Tularcitos Observatory, Carmel ValleyHalley's Cmret Watch, location to beannoulcedFrernont PeakTularcitos Obse rv atoryOliver Observing Station, Chews RidgeClacier bint, Yosemite National Park

C,ANIS WOn graphics bg Arf;ionia F1ske

Astronorter profile

CuriouslY, we never ask accountants why they choseto spend their lives among ledgers or why store cterklonged as children to ring up sates. But astronomers-- we are all curious! Why did you want to beconrean astronomer? Recently Iput this question andothers to M IRA astronomer Dr. Nelson I rvin€o

m I RA Newsletter: Most kids are interested inastronornY and dinosaurs. I suppose you were too . o

Nelson lrvine: l'm still interested in dinosaurs, but I

don't say anything about that.

M N: As t was saying, rnost kids are interested inastronomy and dinosaurs, but you stayed with it. wasit always your goal to become an astronomer?

N I : Not really, but t was always interested in spaceand astronomy. I never took an astronomy course asan undergraduate. I didn't focus on astronomy untitafter my bachetor's degr€€r During my master,sprog ram, I worked one surmer for DominionAstrophysical observatory (Victo ria, Britishcolumbia). That experience confirmed my thoughtsof astronomy as a c?r€€ro

MN: I always like to think that the turning point wasyour attemptd observation of the transit of Mercuryas it passed in f ront of the suno Af ter such adangerous stunt, you were destined to beconre anast ronofilero

N I : who can remember that f ar bac k? I was twelveor thi rt€€n. I had a small t elescope, but I didn,tknow enough not to look at the suno t stood there,staring, my eye watering. ldamagd rny retird.Luckily, it's not too serious.

M N : That's right, boys and girls, don't try this athome. Did you see Mercury?

N I : Of course not.

M N: If you had not pic ked astronomy, would youhave becorne a physicist?

Nl: No, I don't like quantum mechanics. tt's tooabstract. That's one thing about astronomy. It runsf rom theoretical cosmologists who work strictty inhigher mathemat ics to people who classify starspect ra, whic h is much like classif ying species inbiology. And astronCIny has niches between thosetwo extr€ffr€sr lmust admit lfall far from theabst ract end.

I,IIRA afurcmer Dr,t{u)

ItIeI^pn Inrine (pfu bg D.

Nelson was born and raised in ottawa, ontario. He isma rried to M I RA astronorner Dr. cynthia Embe rsonI rv ine. They met as grad uate students at casewestern Reserve University in ohio. They have twodaughters, Alice and Laura.

M N: Do you and cynthia tal k abom astronomy athonre ?

NI: oh yes. of course it's mostly about MIRA, whichis not necessarily about astronotny.

MN: so astronomy is almost like the family business?

N I : M I RA is not profitable enough to qualify as abusiness. we should say 'famity enterprise.'

cortinued

Nelson daylights as a staf f scientist for a conpanywhich assists the U. S. Army in equipment andorganizational testing. He received a bachelor'sdegree in physics f rorn Carleton University (Ottawa,Ontario) and a master's in astronCIny f rom theUniversity of Western Ontario (London, Ontario).

llN: Why did you come to the United States for yourPhD?

NI: The department chairnan at Western Ontario hadbeen at Case. lwas interested in observationalastronomy and he recommended going there. Fromthe first week, students were expected to observ€.The two principal instruments were a 36-inchCassegrain telescope and a Schmidt photograph ictelescop€. Case was unusual in that regard. Atmany other schools, students ra rely got the sameopportunities to observe that we did.

llN: You have also observed in Chile.

NI: After my PhD, I had a one-year appointment atMichigan while waiting for Cynthia to finish herdissertation. During this time t spent a few monthsat the lnter American Observatory at Cerro Toloto. I

had several proiects: photograph Comet Kohoutek forFreeman Miller, take high-dispersion prism plates forNancy Fbuk's M K reclassif ication of the HenryDraper Cat al%, and continue my own research. I

was scheduled continuously on thei r Schmidttelescope. Theoretically, the Schmidt is not usefulduring brigk rrloon, and those were my days off . ButI alwa)rs found sornething to do t hose nights too.Near the erad I was almost praying for clouds. lt wasalways clear.

MN: That was a real test of your love for observing.

tn addition to his daytime iob, Nelson has overseenconstruction of the Oliver Observing Station, whichhouses M IRA's 36-inch telescoPe, and he continueshis own research program.

MN: What is astrononical research?

N l: Ideally you f ind a crucial question, determinewhat obse rvations could answer this question, andthen make those ob,servations. But even if thingsdon't go the way you expect, you will learnsomething. Astronomical research is still a bit of a

treasure hunt. At M IRA we must atso considerproiects which are relatively small in scope and shortin duration. Working at other jobs doesn't give us

the time for extensive observing or data processing.

MN: F*cw did you pick your research area?

NI: I am a spectroscopist as basically all the MIRApeople flr€. This is a result of our studying at Case.Most of us use the 512 Reticon spectroscope with theM IRA telescope. The Reticon is an electronic devicewhic h records the intensity of a sta r's I ight at 512sepa rate wavelengths. Dif ferent stellar processesshow different intensity patterns.

MN: What research proiects are you working on withthe M lR A telescope ?

N l: Several years ago I did surveys for bright,undiscove red Be sta rs. Now I can exterd thesesurveys because the Reticon is a more efficientdetector than photograph ic plates. Be stars a rerapidly rotating and throwing matter off into a shellalound the star" You can deduce facts about theseshells f rom the hydrogen emiss ion lines in thei rspectra. lthink there may be two classes of Bestars which have similar emission lines but owe thesepatterns to different mechanisms. One class wouldbe rotationally unstable Be stars and the other arevery young, pr€-main- sequence sta rs. Th is is

something I am investigating.

ttN: After coordinating construction of theobservatory, any chance you want to become abuilding contractor?

NI: No, flo, no.. .

Dennis Mar

Short Exposures

Did You See Comet Halley ln 1910? The lnstitutehas a special gif t for Frierds of M IRA who saw Cornet

Halley in 1910. lt is a dark blt^e S€w- or iron-orlpatch showing the comet with text stating: Twice inmy Lifetime, Welcome Back, Halley's Comet 1910 to1986. The patches were designd by BIue Skies

Screen Printing located in Shafter, CA and weredonated to M IRA by Star Cerawatr, the artist'smother.

To receive a patch, you must be over V6 years oldand a Friend of MIRA. Write to us at P.O. Box 1551,

Monter€y, CA 93942 and we will send you a special

souvenier of the cmtet's two twentieth centuryv is its.

Uranus Fly-by Proiect Leader will Speak. To

hear the latest about Uranus, ccne to M IRA's lectureon Saturday, April 22 at B:00 prlrlo in the MontereyPeninsula College Mus ic Hall whe re Dr. laVBergstrahl f rom the Jet Propulsion Laboratory willt ell all.

On Janua ry 24,1986, Voyager ll f lew past Uranus and

its tnoors. For us, that distant world wilt never be

the sEFt€. We now know that the planet has a

magnetic field, at least 14 moons, dd at least 9

rings.

MONTEREY INSTITUTE FOR RESEARCH IN ASTRONOUY9OO TIAJOR SHERTIAN LANE

iIOilTEREY, CALIFORNIA 93940

Astronolner on the Mountain. In Februar% Dr.Bruce Weaver became the first Research Astroncrnerto be employed by tyt IRA under a new f unding plan.The tnstitute is very grateful for the generous giftsf rom the Mericos Fowrdation and individml donorsthat are making this part-time position possible.

Dr. Weaver'S research focuses on very yomg stars

and star formatim. Many of the stars he studies atthe (X iver Observ ing Station's 36- inch telescope are

in the constellations Orion, Taurusr sd qaAuriga.Details about this and other M IRA research willappear in subsequent Newsletters.

Hal]ey UYatch Speaker in MontefG!. Dr. Ray

Newburn of lnternational Halley Watch and the JetPropulsion Laboratory in Pasadetr?, Cal ifornia gave an

up-to-the-minute tal k on Halley's Comet on January25 at Robert Louis Stevenson Sc hool's Kec k

audito rium. He desc ribed ast ronomers' cur rentunderstanding of cmrets and the international effortby professional and amateur astronomers to studyCmret Halley.

Earlier, Dr. Newburn had dinner with members of theM I RA staff , voluntee rs, and arnateufs who helpedstage M tRA's public Halley viewing this wint€r.M IRA is very grateful to the First National Bank ofMonterey County and the Way Station for thei rsponsorship of Dr. Newburn's visit to Monterey.

NON.PROFIT ORG.U.S. POSTAGE

PAIDPERMIT NO. 189

MONTEREY, CA 93940

The Monterey Institute for Research in Astronomy gratefull y acknowledges gifts to the Institute from January, 1985 through January, 1986 fran individuals, families, corporations, and foundations. Thank you for your generous support.

$1 to $49

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Mr. and Mrs. George Niesen Mr. am Mrs. Einar Nilsson Mr. and Mrs. Richard T, Nl.mmcns Mr. am Mrs. Willard Norberg The William O'Brien Family Margie A. O'Hara # Dr. and Mrs. &!gene K. Oil eara llr. am Mrs. Taber A. Olaid llrs. Stephen S. Pack Ruth Palm Mr. and Mrs. Everett Palmer Mr. am Mrs. Carl Palminteri Dr. Sydney R. Parker Mr. Norman S. Parker Mr. Michael Patton The Pearse Family Mr. and Mrs. Thomas B. Pelikan Mr. George Penley Dr. R. D. Penoyer Mrs. Robert Petersen Mr. am Mrs. Richard II. Pettit Beverly G. Pilk Mrs. Sarni.El C. Pirie llr. am Mrs. Bob R:>irier Mrs. Orval II. R:>lk Mr. am Mrs. Alil J. Prescott Mr. Robert W. Priestley, III Julia M. Puleo Mr. and Mrs. Milos Radakovich Mr. Mark Rains llr. Michael Reid Rema :Rlilbrook Rentz Joan W. Rice Mrs. Kenneth C. Rich The James Richards Family # SIE Roberts# Dr. Cynthia lbberts-Gray Dr. and Mrs. Wil�iam �ers llr. and Mrs. Colin Ross llrs Elma Ross

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