The Norton Anthologyor English Literature

SEVENTH EDITIONV O L U M E . 2 •••

M. H. Abrams, General EditorCLASS OF 1 9 1 6 PROFESSOR OF ENCLISH EMERITUS,

' " • CORNELL UNIVERSITY ' • • ' • • • •

Stephen Greenblatt, Associate.General EditorHARRY LEVIN PROFESSOR OF LITERATURE,

' " HARVARD UNIVERSITY1 •

1. W • W • NORTON & COMPANY • New York • London

Contents

PREFACE TO THE SEVENTH EDITION xxxiiiACKNOWLEDGMENTS . xliii

"The Persistence of English'' by Geoffrey Nunberg . xlvii

The Romantic Period (1785-1830) l

Introduction 1

Timeline 22

ANNA LETITIA BARBAULD (1743-1825) 24A Summer Evening's Meditation 24The Rights of Woman 27To a Little Invisible Being Who Is Expected Soon to Become

Visible 28Washing-Day 29Life 31

CHARLOTTE SMITH (1749-1806) 32ELEGIAC SONNETS 33

Written at the Close of Spring 33To Sleep 33To Night 33Written in the Church-Yard at Middleton in Sussex 34On Being Cautioned against Walking on an Headland Overlooking the

Sea, Because It Was Frequented by a Lunatic 34The Sea View 35

WILLIAM BLAKE (1757-1827) 35POETICAL SKETCHES 39To Spring 39To Autumn 40To the Evening Star 40

All Religions Are One 41There Is No Natural Religion fa] 41There Is No Natural Religion [b] 42

SONGS OF INNOCENCE AND OE EXPERIENCE 43

Songs of Innocence 43Introduction 43The Ecchoing Green 43The Lamb 45

viii / CONTENTS

The Little Black Boy 45The Chimney Sweeper 46The Divine Image 47Holy Thursday 47Nurse's Song 48 • ••Infant Joy 48

Songs of Experience 49Introduction 49Earth's Answer 50The Clod & the Pebble 51Holy Thursday 51The Chimney Sweeper 52Nurse's Song 52The Sick Rose 52 'The Fly 53The Tyger .54My Pretty Rose Tree 55Ah Sun-flower 55The Garden of Love 56London 56The Human Abstract 57Infant Sorrow 57 . :A Poison Tree 58ToTirzah 584 . . .A Divine Image 59

The Book of Thel 59Visions of the Daughters of Albion 64The Marriage of Heaven and Hell 72A Song of Liberty 82

BLAKE'S NOTEBOOK 84Mock on, Mock on, Voltaire, Rousseau 84Never pain to tell thy love 84I asked a thief 85

And did those feet 85From A Vision of the Last Judgment 86Two Letters on Sight and Vision 88

MARY ROBINSON (1758-1800) .91London's Summer Morning 92January, 1795 93The Poor Singing Dame 94The Haunted Beach 96To the Poet Coleridge 98

ROBERT BURNS (1759-1796) • 99Green grow the rashes 101Holy Willie's Prayer 102To a Mouse 105To a Louse 106Auld Lang Syne 108

CONTENTS / ix

Tarn o' Shanter: A Tale 109Robert Bruce's March to Bannockburn 1 14A Red, Red Rose 1 1 5Song: For a' that and a' that 116

THE FRENCH REVOLUTION

AND THE "SPIRIT OF THE AGE" 1 1 7

ENGLISH CONTROVERSY ABOUT THE REVOLUTION 117Richard Price: From A Discourse on the Love of Our Country 118Edmund Burke: From Reflections on the Revolution in France 121Mary Wollstonecraft: From A Vindication of the Rights of Men 128Thomas Paine: From Rights of Man 133

APOCALYPTIC EXPECTATIONS BY PREACHERS AND POETS 137Elhanan Winchester: From The Three Woe-Trumpets 139Joseph Priestley: From The Present State of Europe Compared with

Antient Prophecies 143William Blake: From The French Revolution 144

From America: A Prophecy 146Robert Southey: From Joan of Arc: An Epic Poem 147William Wordsworth: From Descriptive Sketches 149

From The Excursion 150Samuel Taylor Coleridge: From Religious Musings 153Percy Bysshe Shelley: From Queen Mab: A Philosophical Poem I 56

APOCALYPSE BY IMAGINATION 161

MARY WOLLSTONECRAFT (1759-1797) 163A Vindication of the Rights of Woman 166

Introduction 166Chap. 2. The Prevailing Opinion of a Sexual Character

Discussed 170From Chap. 4. Observations on the State of Degradation . . . 185

Letters Written during a Short Residence in Sweden, Norway, andDenmark 192

Advertisement 192Letter 1 193Letter 4 199Letter 8 201Letter 19 205

JOANNA BAILLIE (1762-1851) 209A Winter's Day 210Up! quit thy bower 217Song: Wood and married and a' 217

WILLIAM WORDSWORTH (1770-1850) 219LYRICAL BALLADS 222Simon Lee 222We Are Seven 224Lines Written in Early Spring 226

x / C O N T E N T S

Expostulation and Reply 227The Tables Turned 228The Thorn 229Lines Composed a Few Miles above Tintern Abbey 235Preface to Lyrical Ballads (1802) 238

[The Subject and Language of Poetry] 239["What Is a Poet?"] 246["Emotion Recollected in Tranquillity"] 250

Strange fits of passion have I known 251She dwelt among the untrodden ways 252Three years she grew 252A slumber did my spirit seal 254I travelled among unknown men 254Lucy Gray 254The Two April Mornings 256Nutting 258The Ruined Cottage 259Michael 270Resolution and Independence 280I wandered lonely as a cloud 284My heart leaps up 285Ode: Intimations of Immortality 286Ode to Duty 292The Solitary Reaper 293Elegiac Stanzas 294

SONNETS 296Composed upon Westminster Bridge, September 3, 1802 296It is a beauteous evening 297London,1802 297The world is too much with us 297Surprised by joy 298Mutability 298Steamboats, Viaducts, and Railways 299

Extempore Effusion upon the Death of James Hogg 299Prospectus to The Recluse 301

The Prelude, or Growth of a Poet's Mind 303Book First. Introduction, Childhood, and School-time 305Book Second. School-time continued 319Book Third. Residence at Cambridge 330

[Experiences at St. John's College. The "Heroic Argument"] 330Book Fourth. Summer Vacation 334

[The Walks with His Terrier. The Circuit of the Lake] 334["The Surface of Past Time." The Walk Home from the Dance. The

Discharged Soldier] 336Book Fifth. Books 341

[The Dream of the Arab] 341[The Boy of Winander] 343["The Mystery of Words"] 344

CONTENTS / xi

Book Sixth. Cambridge, and the Alps 345["Human Nature Seeming Born Again"] 345[Crossing Simplon Pass] 346

Book Seventh. Residence in London 348[The Blind Beggar. Bartholomew Fair] 348

Book Eighth. Retrospect, Love of Nature leading to Love ofMan 351

[The Shepherd in the Mist. Man Still Subordinate to Nature] 351Book Ninth. Residence in France 354

[Paris and Orleans. Becomes a "Patriot"] 354Book Tenth. France continued 357

[The Revolution: Paris and England] 357[The Reign of Terror. Nightmares] 359

Book Eleventh. France, concluded 360[Retrospect: "Bliss Was It in That Dawn." Recourse to "Reason's

Naked Self"] 360[Crisis, Breakdown, and Recovery] 363

Book Twelfth. Imagination and Taste, how impaired andrestored 364

Book Thirteenth. Subject concluded 372[Return to "Life's Familiar Face"] 372[Discovery of His Poetic Subject. Salisbury Plain. Sight of "a New

World"] 373Book Fourteenth. Conclusion 377

[The Vision on Mount Snowdon. Fear vs. Love Resolved.Imagination] 377

[Conclusion: "The Mind of Man"] 382

DOROTHY WORDSWORTH (1771-1855) 383From The Alfoxden Journal 385From The Grasmere Journals 387Grasmere—A Fragment 397Thoughts on My Sick-Bed 399

SIR WALTER SCOTT (1771-1832) 401The Heart of Midlothian 402

Chapter I. Being Introductory 402Lochinvar 413Jock of Hazeldean 415Proud Maisie 415

SAMUEL TAYLOR COLERIDGE (1772-1834) 416The Eolian Harp 419This Lime-Tree Bower My Prison 420The Rime of the Ancient Mariner 422Kubla Khan 439Christabel 441Frost at Midnight 457Dejection: An Ode 459The Pains of Sleep 462To William Wordsworth 464On Donne's Poetry 466

xii / CONTENTS

Work without Hope 467Epitaph 467Biographia Literaria 467

Chapter 1 468[The discipline of his taste at school] 468[Bowles's sonnets] 470[Comparison between the poets before and since Mr. Pope] 471

Chapter 4 474[Mr. Wordsworth's earlier poems] 474[On fancy and imagination—the investigation of the distinction

important to the fine arts] 476Chapter 13 477

[On the imagination, or esemplastic power] 477Chapter 14. Occasion of the Lyrical Ballads, and the objects originally

proposed—preface to the second edition—the ensuing controversy,its causes and acrimony—philosophic definitions of a poem andpoetry with scholia 478

Chapter 17 483[Examination of the tenets peculiar to Mr. Wordsworth] 483[Rustic life (above all, low and rustic life) especially unfavorable to the

formation of a human diction—the best parts of language theproducts of philosophers, not clowns or shepherds] 484

[The language of Milton as much the language of real life, yea,incomparably more so than that of the cottager] 484

Lectures on Shakespeare 486[Fancy and Imagination in Shakespeare's Poetry] 486[Mechanic vs. Organic Form] 488

The Statesman's Manual 489[On Symbol and Allegory] 489[The Satanic Hero] 491

WALTER SAVAGE LANDOR (1775-1864) 492Mother, I cannot mind my wheel 492Rose Aylmer 493Past ruined Ilion 493Twenty years hence 493

CHARLES LAMB (1775-1834) 494Christ's Hospital Five-and-Thirty Years Ago 495Old China 505

WILLIAM HAZLITT (1778-1830) 509On Gusto 510My First Acquaintance with Poets 5 1 3

THOMAS MOORE (1779-1852) 527Believe me, if all those endearing young charms 527The harp that once through Tara's halls 527The time I've lost in wooing 528

THOMAS DEQUINCEY (1785-1859) 529Confessions of an English Opium-Eatcr 530

C O N T E N T S / xiii

Preliminary Confessions 530[The Prostitute Ann] 530

Introduction to the Pains of Opium 533[The Malay] 533

The Pains of Opium 535[Opium Reveries and Dreams] 535

On the Knocking at the Gate in Macbeth 543Alexander Pope 547

[The Literature of Knowledge and the Literature of Power] 547

GEORGE GORDON, LORD BYRON (1788-1824) 551Written after Swimming from Sestos to Abydos 555She walks in beauty 556They say that Hope is happiness 557When we two parted 557Stanzas for Music 558Darkness 559So, we'll go no more a roving 560When a man hath no freedom to fight for at home 561Stanzas Written on the Road between Florence and Pisa 561January 22nd. Missolonghi 562

CHILDE HAROLD'S PILGRIMAGE 563

Canto 1 564["Sin's Long Labyrinth"] 564

Canto 3 565["Once More Upon the Waters"] 565[Waterloo] 569[Napoleon] 572[Switzerland] 575

Canto 4 582[Venice] 582["Farewell!"] 585

Manfred 588

DON JUAN 621Fragment 622Canto 1 623

[Juan and Donna Julia] 623Canto 2 651

[The Shipwreck] 651[Juan and Haidee] 658

Canto 3 672[Juan and Haidee] 672

Canto 4 680[Juan and Haidee] 680

LEITERS 689To Leigh Hunt (Sept.-Oct. 30, 1815) 689To Thomas Moore (Jan. 28, 1817) 691To John Cam Flobhouse and Douglas Kinnaird (Jan. 19, 1819) 693

xiv / CONTENTS

To Douglas Kinnaird (Oct. 26, 1819) 695To Percy Bysshe Shelley (Apr. 26, 1821) 697

PERCY BYSSHE SHELLEY (1792-1822) 698Mutability 701 ..To Wordsworth 701Alastor; or, The Spirit of Solitude 702Mont Blanc 720Hymn to Intellectual Beauty 723Ozymandias 725Stanzas Written in Dejection—December 1818, near Naples 726A Song: "Men of England" 727England in 1819 728 ' 'To Sidmouth and Castlereagh 728The Indian Girl's Song [The Indian Serenade] 729Ode to the West Wind 730Prometheus Unbound 732

Preface 733From Act 1 736Act 2 742

Scene 4 742Scene 5 746 .

Act 3 749Scene 1 749From Scene 4 751

From Act 4 754The Cloud 763To a Sky-Lark 765To Night 767To [Music, when soft voices die] 768The flower that smiles today 768O World, O Life, O Time 769Choruses from Hellas 769

Worlds on worlds 769The world's great age 771

Adonais 772A Dirge 786When the lamp is shattered 786To Jane (The keen stars were twinkling) 787Lines Written in the Bay of Lerici 788From A Defence of Poetrv 789

JOHN CLARE (1793-1864) 802The Nightingale's Nest 803Pastoral Poesy 805Mouse's Nest 807A Vision 807I Am 808An Invite to Eternity 808 •Clock a Clay 809 •The Peasant Poet 810

C O N T E N T S / xv

Song [I hid my love] 810Song [I peeled bits of straw] 811

FELICIA DOROTHEA HEMANS (1793-1835) 812England's Dead 813The Landing of the Pilgrim Fathers in New England 814Casabianca 815The Homes of England 817A Spirit's Return 818

JOHN KEATS (1795-1821) 823On First Looking into Chapman's Homer 826Sleep and Poetry 827

[O for Ten Years] 827On Seeing the Elgin Marbles 828Endymion: A Poetic Romance 829

Preface 829Book 1 830

[A Thing of Beauty] 830[The "Pleasure Thermometer"] - 8 3 1

On Sitting Down to Read King Lear Once Again 833When I have fears that I may cease to be 833To Homer 834 .The Eve of St. Agnes 834Why did I laugh tonight? No voice will tell 844Bright star, would I were stedfast as thou art 8,45La Belle Dame sans Merci: A Ballad 845Sonnet to Sleep 847Ode to Psyche 847Ode to a Nightingale 849Ode on a Grecian Urn 851Ode on Melancholy 853Ode on Indolence 854Lamia 856To Autumn 872The Fall of Hyperion: A Dream 873

LETTERS 886 . • •To Benjamin Bailey (Nov. 22, 1817) 887To George and Thomas Keats (Dec. 21 , 27 [?], 1817) 889To John Hamilton Reynolds (Feb. 3, 1818) 890To John Taylor (Feb. 27, 1818) 891To John Hamilton Reynolds (May 3, 1818) 892To Richard Woodhouse (Oct. 27 ,1818) 894To George and Georgiana Keats (Feb. 14-May 3, 1.819) 896To Fanny Brawne (July 25, 1819) 900To Percy Bysshe Shelley (Aug. 16, 1820) 901To Charles Brown (Nov. 30, 1820) 902

MARY WOLLSTONECRAFT SHELLEY (1797-1851) 903Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus 905

LETITIA ELIZABETH LANDON (1802-1838) 1034The Proud Ladve 1035

xvi / CONTENTS

Love's Last Lesson 1037Revenge 1040The Little Shroud 1041

The Victorian Age (1830-1901) 1043

Introduction 1043

Timeline 1064

THOMAS CARLYLE (1795-1881) 1066[Carlyle's Portraits of His Contemporaries] 1070

[Queen Victoria at Eighteen] 1070[Samuel Taylor Coleridge at Fifty-three] 1070[William Wordsworth in His Seventies] 1074[Alfred Tennyson at Thirty-four] 1076

Sartor Resartus 1077The Everlasting No 1077Centre of Indifference 1082The Everlasting Yea 1089Natural Supernaturalism 1096

The French Revolution I 103September in Paris I 103Place de la Revolution 1106From Cause and Effect 1 109

Past and Present 1110Democracy 1110Captains of Industry 1115

JOHN HENRY CARDINAL NEWMAN (1801-1890) 1119The Idea of a University 1121

From Discourse 5. Knowledge Its Own End 1121From Discourse 7. Knowledge Viewed in Relation to Professional

Skill 1123Apologia Pro Vita Sua 1 128

From Chapter 1. History of My Religious Opinions to the Year1833 1128

From Liberalism 1135

JOHN STUART MILL (1806-1873) 1137What Is Poetry? 1139On Liberty 1146

From Chapter 3. Of Individuality as One of the Elements of Weil-Being 1146

The Subjection of Women 1155From Chapter I 1156

Autobiography 1 166From Chapter 5. A Crisis in My Mental History. One Stage

Onward 1166

CONTENTS / xvii

ELIZABETH BARRETT BROWNING (1806-1861) 1173The Cry of the Children 1 1 74To George Sand: A Desire 1 178To George Sand: A Recognition 1 1 78Sonnets from the Portuguese 1 1 79

21 ("Say over again, and yet once over again") 1 17922 ("When our two souls stand up erect and strong") 117932 ("The first time that the sun rose on thine oath") 11 8043 ("How do I love thee? Let me count the ways") 1180

Aurora Leigh 1 1 80Book 1 1180

[The Feminine Education of Aurora Leigh] 1 180Book 2 1186

[Aurora's Aspirations] 1186[Aurora's Rejection of Romney] 1 189

Book 5 1192[Poets and the Present Age] 1192

Mother and Poet 1195

ALFRED, LORD TENNYSON (1809-1892) 1198The Kraken 1201Mariana 1202The Lady of Shalott 1204The Lotos-Eaters 1208Ulysses 1213Tithonus 1215Break, Break, Break 1216The Epic [Morte d'Arthur] 1217The Eagle: A Fragment 1219Locksley Hall 1219

THE PRINCESS 1225Sweet and Low 1225The Splendor Falls 1226Tears, Idle Tears 1226Ask Me No More 1227Now Sleeps the Crimson Petal 1227Come Down, O Maid 1228["The Woman's Cause Is Man's") 1229

From In Memoriam A. H. H. 1230The Charge of the Light Brigade 1280

IDYLLS OE THE KING 1282The Coming of Arthur 1282The Passing of Arthur 1293

Flower in the Crannied Wall 1304Crossing the Bar 1 304

EDWARD FITZGERALD (1809-1883) 1304The Rubaiyat of Omar Khawam 1305

xviii / CONTENTS

ELIZABETH GASKELL (1810-1865) 1318The Old Nurse's Story 1319

CHARLES DICKENS (1812-1870) 1333A Visit to Newgate 1335

ROBERT BROWNING (1812^1889) 1345Porphyria's Lover 1349'Soliloquy of the Spanish Cloister 1 350My Last Duchess 1352The Laboratory 1353The Lost Leader 1355How They Brought the Good News from Ghent to Aix 1356Home-Thoughts, from Abroad 1358Home-Thoughts, from the Sea 1358The Bishop Orders His Tomb at Saint Praxed's Church 1359Meeting at Night 1362Parting at Morning 1362A Toccata of Galuppi's 1363Memorabilia 1365Love among the Ruins 1365"Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came" 1367Fra Lippo Lippi 1373The Last Ride Together 1382Andrea del Sarto 1385Two in the Campagna 1390A Grammarian's Funeral 1392An Epistle Containing the Strange Medical Experience of Karshish, the

Arab Physician 1396Caliban upon Setebos 1402Prospiace 1409AbtVogler 1410Rabbi Ben Ezra 1413

EMILY BRONTE (1818-1848) 1418I'm Happiest When Most Away 1419The Night-Wind 1420Remembrance 1421Stars 1421The Prisoner. A Fragment 1423No Coward Soul Is Mine 1424

JOHN RUSKIN (1819-1900) 1425Modern Painters 1428

[A Definition of Greatness in Art] 1428["The Slave Ship"] 1429From Of the Pathetic Fallacy 1430

The Stones of Venice 1432[The Savageness of Gothic Architecture] 1432

The Storm-Cloud of the Nineteenth Century 1443Lecture 1 1443

CONTENTS / xix

ARTHUR HUGH CLOUGH (1819-1861) 1451Epi-strauss-ium 1452The Latest Decalogue 1452Say Not the Struggle Nought Availeth 1453

GEORGE ELIOT (1819-1880) 1454Margaret Fuller and Mary Wollstonecraft 1456Silly Novels by Lady Novelists 1461The Mill on the Floss 1469

Book First. Boy and Girl 1469Chapter 1. Outside Dorlcote Mill 1469

MATTHEW ARNOLD (1822-1888) 1471The Forsaken Merman 1475Isolation. To Marguerite 1478To Marguerite—Continued 1479The Buried Life 1480Memorial Verses 1482Lines Written in Kensington Gardens 1484The Scholar Gypsy 1485Dover Beach 1492Stanzas from the Grande Chartreuse 1493Thyrsis 1498Preface to Poems (1853) 1504From The Function of Criticism at the Present Time 1514Culture and Anarchy 1528

From Chapter 1. Sweetness and Light 1528From Chapter 2. Doing As One Likes 1530From Chapter 5. Porro Unum Est Necessarium 1532

From The Study of Poetry 1534Literature and Science 1545

THOMAS HENRY HUXLEY (1825-1895) - 1558Science and Culture 1559 J

[The Values of Education in the Sciences] 1559 '•Agnosticism and Christianity 1566

[Agnosticism Defined] 1566

GEORGE MEREDITH (1828-1909) 1570Modern Love 1570

1 ("By this he knew she wept with waking eyes") 15702 ("It ended, and the morrow brought the task") 1571

17 ("At dinner, she is hostess, I am host") 157149 ("He found her by the ocean's moaning verge") 1 57250 ("Thus piteously Love closed what he begat") 1572

Lucifer in Starlight 1572

DANTE GABRIEL ROSSETTI (1828-1882) 1573The Blessed Damozel 1 574My Sister's Sleep 1578The Woodspurge 1 579

xx / CONTENTS

The House of Life 1 580The Sonnet 1580Nuptial Sleep 1 580

19. Silent Noon 158177. Soul's Beauty 158178. Body's Beauty 158197. A Superscription I 582

101. The One Hope 1582

CHRISTINA ROSSETTI (1830-1894) 1583Song ("She sat and sang alway") 1584Song ("When I am dead, my dearest") 1 584After Death 1585Dead before Death 1585Cobwebs 1585A Triad 1 586In an Artist's Studio 1586A Birthday 1587An Apple-Gathering 1587Winter: My Secret 1 588Up-Hill ' 1589Goblin Market 1589"No, Thank You, John" 1 601Promises Like Pie-Crust 1602In Progress 1603A Life's Parallels 1603Later Life 1603

1 7 ("Something this foggy day, a something which") 1603Cardinal Newman 1604Sleeping at Last 1604

WILLIAM MORRIS (1834-1896) 1605The Defense of Guenevere 1606The Haystack in the Floods 1614How I Became a Socialist 1618

ALGERNON CHARLES SWINBURNE (1837-1909) 1621Choruses from Atalanta in Calydon 1623

When the Hounds of Spring 1 623Before the Beginning of Years 1624

Hymn to Proserpine 1625The Garden of Proserpine 1628Ave Atque Vale 1631

WALTER PATER (1839-1894) 1636The Renaissance 1638

Preface 1638["La Gioconda"l 1641Conclusion 1642

Appreciations 1645From Style 1645

CONTENTS / xxi

GERARD MANLEY HOPKINS (1844-1889) 1648God s Grandeur 1651The Starlight Night 1651As Kingfishers Catch Fire 1652Spring 1652The Windhover 1652Pied Beauty 1653Hurrahing in Harvest 1653Binsey Poplars 1654Duns Scotus's Oxford 1654Felix Randal 1 655Spring and Fall: to a young child 1655[Carrion Comfort] 1656No Worst, There Is None 1657I Wake and Feel the Fell of Dark, Not Day 1657That Nature Is a Heraclitean Fire 1658Thou Art Indeed Just, Lord 1658From Journal 1 659

LIGHT VERSE 1662

EDWARD LEAR (1812-1888) 1662Limerick ("There was an Old Man who supposed") 1663How Pleasant to Know Mr. Lear 1663Thejumblies 1664Cold Are the Crabs 1665

LEWIS CARROLL (1832-1898) 1666Jabberwocky 1666[Humpty Dumpty s Explication of Jabberwocky] 1667The White Knight's Song 1668The Walrus and the Carpenter 1670The Flunting of the Snark I 672

The Baker's Tale 1672

W. S. GILBERT (1836-1911) ' 1674When 1, Good Friends, Was Called to the Bar 1675If You're Anxious for to Shine in the High Aesthetic Line 1676When Britain Really Ruled the Waves 1678

VICTORIAN ISSUES 1679

EVOLUTION 1679Charles Darwin: The Origin of Species 1679

Struggle for Existence 1679Recapitulation and Conclusion 1682

Charles Darwin: The Descent of Man 1686[Natural Selection and Sexual Selection] 1686

Leonard Huxley: The Life and Letters of Thomas Henry Huxley 1690[The Huxley-Wilberforce Debate at Oxford] 1690

Sir Edmund Gosse: Father and Son 1693[The Dilemma of the Fundamentalist and Scientist] 1694

xxii / CONTENTS

INDUSTRIALISM: PROGRESS OR DECLINE? 1696Thomas Babington Macaulay: A Review of Southey's Colloquies 1697

[Evidence of Progress] 1697Friedrich Engels: From The Great Towns 1702Charles Kingsley: Alton Locke 1710

[A London Slum] 1710Charles Dickens: Hard Times 1711

[Coketown] 1711Anonymous: Poverty Knock 1712Henry Mayhew: London Labour and the London Poor 1714

[Boy Inmate of the Casual Wards] 1714Annie Besant: The "White Slavery" of London Match Workers 1715Ada Nield Chew: A Living Wage for Factor)' Girls at Crewe 1717

THE "WOMAN QUESTION": THE VICTORIAN DEBATE ABOUTGENDER 1719

Sarah Stickney Ellis: The Women of England: Their Social Duties andDomestic Habits 1721

[Disinterested Kindness] 1721Coventry Patmore: The Angel in the House 1 723

The Paragon 1723Harriet Martineau: From Autobiography 1 725Anonymous: The Great Social Evil 1728Dinah Maria Mulock: A Woman's Thoughts about Women 1 732

[Something to Do] 1732Florence Nightingale: Cassandra 1 734

[Nothing to Do] 1734Walter Besant: The Queen's Reign 1 738

[The Transformation of Women's Status between 1837 and1897] 1738

THE NINETIES 1740

MICHAEL FIELD (Katherine Bradley: 1846-1914; and Edith Cooper:1862-1913) ' 1742

[Maids, not to you my mind doth change] 1742[A girl] 1 743Unbosoming 1743[It was deep April, and the morn] 1744To Christina Rossetti 1 744Nests in Elms 1745Eros 1745

WILLIAM ERNEST HENLEY (1849-1903) 1746In Hospital 1746Invictus 1747

OSCAR WILDE (1854-1900) 1747Impression du Matin 1749Helas 1749ETenebris 1750

CONTENTS / xxiii

The Harlot's House 1750The Critic as Artist 1752

[Criticism Itself an Art] 1752Preface to Tlte Picture of Dorian Gray 1760The Importance of Being Earnest 1761From De Profundis 1805

BERNARD SHAW (1856-1950) 1808Mrs. Warren's Profession 1810

FRANCIS THOMPSON (1859-1907) 1856The Hound of Heaven 1857

MARY ELIZABETH COLERIDGE (1861-1907) 1861The Other Side of a Mirror 1861The Witch 1862

RUDYARD KIPLING (1865-1936) 1863The Man Who Would Be King 1865Danny Deever 1888The Widow at Windsor 1889The Ladies 1890Recessional 1892The Hyenas 1893

ERNEST DOWSON (1867-1900) 1894Cynara 1894They Are Not Long 1895Carthusians . 1895

The Twentieth Century 1897

Introduction 1897Timeline 1914

THOMAS HARDY (1840-1928) 1916On the Western Circuit 1918Hap 1934The Impercipient 1935Neutral Tones 1935I Look into My Glass 1936A Broken Appointment 1936Drummer Hodge 1937The Darkling Thrush 1937The Ruined Maid 1938A Trampwoman's Tragedy 1939One We Knew 1942She Hears the Storm 1943

xxiv / CONTENTS

Channel Firing 1944The Convergence of the Twain 1945Ah, Are You Digging on My Grave? 1946Under the Waterfall 1947The Walk 1948The Voice 1949The Workbox 1949During Wind and Rain 1950In Time of "The Breaking of Nations " 1951He Never Expected Much 1951

JOSEPH CONRAD (1857-1924) 1952Preface to The Nigger of the "Narcissus" 1954

[The Task of the Artist] 1954Heart of Darkness 1957

THE RISE AND FALL OF EMPIRE 2017

JOHN RUSKIN: From Lectures on Art 2018[Imperial Duty] 2019

JOHN ATKINSON HOBSON: The Political Significance of

Imperialism 2020

ANONYMOUS: Easter 1916 Proclamation of an Irish Republic 2023

RICHARD MULCAHY: [On the Treaty between Great Britain and

Ireland] 2025

JAMES MORRIS: [The Partition of India] 2027

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU: Tryst with Destiny 2034

CHINUA ACHEBE: From An Image of Africa: Racism in

Conrad's Heart of Darkness 2035

A. E. HOUSMAN (1859-1936) 2041Loveliest of Trees 2042When I Was One-and-Twenty 2042To an Athlete Dying Young 2042On Wenlock Edge 2043With Rue My Heart Is Laden 2044Terence, This Is Stupid Stuff 2044The Chestnut Casts His Flambeaux 2046Epitaph on an Army of Mercenaries 2047

CONTENTS / xxv

VOICES FROM WORLD WAR I ' 2048

RUPERT BROOKE (1887-1915) 2049The Soldier 2050

EDWARD THOMAS (1878-1917) . 2051Adlestrop 2051Tears 2052The Owl 2052Rain 2053The Cherry Trees 2053As the Team's Head Brass 2053

SIEGFRIED SASSOON (1886-1967) 2054"They" 2055The Rear-Guard 2056The General 2056Glory of Women 2057Everyone Sang 2057On Passing the New Menin Gate 2057Memoirs of an Infantry Officer 2058

[The Opening of the Battle of the Somme] 2058

IVOR GURNEY (1890-1937) -2060To His Love 2060The Silent One 2061

ISAAC ROSENBERG (1890-1918) 2061Break of Day in the Trenches 2062Louse Hunting 2063 ,Returning, We Hear the Larks 2063 ,Dead Man's Dump 2064

WILFRED OWEN (1893-1918) 2066Anthem for Doomed Youth 2066Apologia Pro Poemate Meo 2067Miners 2068Dulce Et Decorum Est 2069Strange Meeting 2070Futility 2071Disabled 2071From Owen's Letters to His Mother 2072

MAY WEDDERBURN CANNAN (1893-1973) ; - : 2074Rouen 2074From Grey Ghosts and Voices 2076

DAVID JONES (1895-1974) 2078In Parenthesis 2079

From Preface 2079From Part 7: The Five Unmistakeable Marks 2081

xxvi / CONTENTS

WILLIAM BUTLER YEATS (1865-1939) 2085The Madness of King Goll 2088The Stolen Child 2090Down by the Salley Gardens 2091The Rose of the World 2092The Lake Isle of Innisfree 2092The Sorrow of Love 2093When You Are Old 2093Who Goes with Fergus? 2094The Man Who Dreamed of Faeryland 2094The Secret Rose 2095The Folly of Being Comforted 2096Adam's Curse 2097No Second Troy 2098The Fascination of What's Difficult 2098September 1913 2099To a Shade 2100A Coat 2100The Wild Swans at Coole 2101In Memory of Major Robert Gregory 2102Easter 1916 2104The Second Coming 2106A Prayer for My Daughter 2107Sailing to Byzantium 2109Leda and the Swan 2110Among School Children 2111A Dialogue of Self and Soul 2113For Anne Gregory 2115Byzantium 2115Crazy Jane Talks with the Bishop 2116After Long Silence 2117Lapis Lazuli 2117Long-Legged Fly 2119The Circus Animals'Desertion 2120Under Ben Bulben 2121Reveries over Childhood and Youth 2124

[The Yeats Family] 2124[An Irish Literature] 2126

The Trembling of the Veil 2127[London and Pre-Raphaelitism] 2127[Oscar Wilde] 2129[The Origin of Tlte Lake Isle of Innisfree] 2130[The Rhymers' Club] 2130

E. M. FORSTER (1879-1970) 2131A Passage to India 2133

Chapter 2. Mosque 2133

VIRGINIA WOOLF (1882-1941) 2141The Mark on the Wall 2143

C O N T E N T S / xxvii

Modern Fiction 2148A Room of One's Own 21 53Professions for Women 2214A Sketch of the Past 2218

[Moments of Being and Non-Being] 2218The Legacy 2226

JAMES JOYCE (1882-1941) 2231Araby 2236The Dead 2240Ulysses 2269

[Proteus] 2269[Lestrygonians] 2283

Finnegans Wake 2309From Anna Livia Plurabelle 2310

D. H. LAWRENCE (1885-1930) 2313Odour of Chrysanthemums 2316The Horse Dealer's Daughter 2330Why the Novel Matters 2341Love on the Farm 2346Piano 2347Tortoise Shell 2348Tortoise Shout 2349Bavarian Gentians 2351Snake 2352Cypresses 2354Flow Beastly the Bourgeois Is 2356The Ship of Death 2357

T. S. ELIOT (1888-1965) 2360The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock 2364Sweeney Among the Nightingales 2367The Waste Land 2368The Hollow Men 2383Journey of the Magi 2386Marina 2388

FOUR QUARTETS 2389Little Gidding 2389

Tradition and the Individual Talent 2395The Metaphysical Poets 2401

KATHERINE MANSFIELD (1888-1923) 2408The Daughters of the Late Colonel 2409The Garden Party 2423

HUGH M A C D I A R M I D (1892-1978) 2433A Drunk Man Looks at the Thistle 2435

1. Farewell to Dostoevski 24352. Yet Ha'e I Silence Left 2435

In Memoriam James Joyce 2436

xxviii / CONTENTS

We Must Look at the Harebell 2436In the Children's Hospital 2437Another Epitaph on an Army of Mercenaries 2437

JEAN RHYS (1894?-1979) 2437Mannequin 2438On Not Shooting Sitting Birds 2442

ROBERT GRAVES (1895-1985) 2444Down, Wanton, Down! 2445Love Without Hope 2446The Cool Web 2446The Reader Over My Shoulder 2446To Juan at the Winter Solstice 2447The White Goddess 2448The Blue-Fly 2449A Slice of Wedding Cake 2450 '

STEVIE SMITH (1902-1971) 2450Is It Wise? 2451OurBoglsDood 2451Not Waving but Drowning 2452The New Age 2453 'Thoughts About the Person from Porlock 2453Pretty 2455

GEORGE ORWELL (1903-1950) 2456Shooting an Elephant 2457Politics and the English Language 2462

SAMUEL BECKETT (1906-1989) , 2471Endgame 2472

W. H.AUDEN (1907-1973) 2500Petition 2501On This Island 2502Spain 1937 2502Musee des Beaux Arts 2505Lullaby 2505In Memory of W. B. Yeats 2506Their Lonely Betters 2508In Praise of Limestone 2509The Shield of Achilles 2511

i

LOUIS M A C N E I C E (1907-1963) 2513Sunday Morning 2513The Sunlight on the Garden 2514Bagpipe Music 2514Soap Suds 2515Star-Gazer 2516

C O N T E N T S / xxix

DYLAN THOMAS (1914-1953) 2516The Force That Through the Green Fuse Drives the Flower 2517After the Funeral 2518There Was a Saviour 2519The Hunchback in the Park 2520Poem in October 2521Fern Hill 2522 'Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night 2524

VOICES FROM WORLD WAR II ' 2525

EDITH SITWELL (1887-1964) 2527Still Falls the Rain 2527

HENRY REED (1914-1986) . 2528Lessons of the War 2529

1. Naming of Parts 25292. Judging Distances 2530

RICHARD HILLARY (1919-1943) 2531From The Last Enemy 2532

KEITH DOUGLAS (1920-1944) 2535Gallantry 2536Vergissmeinnicht 2537Aristocrats 2537From Alamein to Zem Zem 2538

CHARLES CAUSLEY(b. 1917) 2539At the British War Cemetery, Bayeux 2540Armistice Dav 2540

DORIS LESSING(b. 1919) : . 2541To Room Nineteen 2542

PHILIP LARKIN (1922-1985) 2564Church Going 2565MCMXIV 2566Talking in Bed. 2567Ambulances 2568High Windows 2568Sad Steps 2569The Explosion 2570Aubade 2570

NADINE GORDIMER (b. 1923) 2572The Moment before the Gun Went Off 2573

T H O M G U N N (b. 1929) 2576Considering the Snail 2576

xxx / CONTENTS

A Map of the City 2577Black Jackets 2577My Sad Captains 2578From the Wave 2579

DEREK WALCOTT(b. 1930) 2580A Far Cry from Africa 2580Nights in the Gardens of. Port of Spain 2581The Glory Trumpeter 2582The Schooner Flight 2583

1 Adios, Carenagc 2583Midsummer 2584Omeros 2585

Chapter XXX 2585

TED HUGHES (1930-1998) 2587Wind 2587Relic 2588Pike 2589Examination at the Womb-Door 2590Theology 2590The Seven Sorrows 2591Daffodils 2592

HAROLD PINTER (b. 1930) 2594The Dumb Waiter 2594

CHINUAACHEBE(b. 1930) 2616Things Fall Apart 2617

ALICE MUNRO(b. 1931) . 2706Walker Brothers Cowboy 2707

GEOFFREY HILL (b. 1932) 2717In Memory of Jane Fraser 2717Requiem for the Plantagenet Kings 2718September Song 2718Mercian Hymns 2719

6 ("The princes of Mercia were badger and raven. Thrall") 27197 ("Gasholders, russet among fields. Milldams, marlpools") 2719

28 ("Processes of generation; deeds of settlement. The") 272030 ("And it seemed, while we waited, he began to walk") 2720

An Apology for the Revival of Christian Architecture in England 27219. The Laurel Axe 2721

V. S. NAIPAUL (b. 1932) 2722One Out of Many 2722

EDNA O'BRIEN (b. 1932) 2745Sister Imelda 2746

FLEURADCOCK(b. 1934) 2759The Ex-Queen Among the Astronomers 2759

CONTENTS / xxxi

Poem Ended by a Death 2760The Soho Flospital for Women 2761

TONY HARRISON (b. 1937)Heredity 2764National Trust 2764Book Ends 2765Long Distance 2766Turns 2767Marked with D. 2767

2763

ANITA DESAI (b. 1937)Scholar and Gypsy 2768

TOM STOPPARD (b. 1937)The Real Inspector Hound

LES MURRAY (b. 1938)Noonday Axeman 2816Morse 2818

2786

2768

2785

2815

SEAMUS HEANEY(b. 1939)Digging 2819The Forge 2820Punishment 2821Casualty 2822The Skunk 2825Station Island 2825

12 ("Like a convalescent, I took the hand")The Sharping Stone 2827

2818

2825

J. M. COETZEE (b. 1940)From Waiting for the Barbarians 2829

EAVAN BOLAND (b. 1944)That the Science of Cartography Is LimitedThe Dolls Museum in Dublin 2836The Lost Land 2837

2829

28342835

CRAIG RAINE (b. 1944)The Onion, Memory 2839A Martian Sends a Postcard Home

2838

2840

SALMAN RUSHDIE (b. 1947)The Prophet's Hair 2843

JAMES FENTON (b. 1949)A German Requiem 2853Wind 2855

2842

2853

xxxii / CONTENTS

PAUL MULDOON (b. 1951) 2856Gathering Mushrooms 2856Milkwood and Monarch 2858

POEMS IN PROCESS 2859William Blake 2860

The Tyger 2860William Wordsworth 2862

She dwelt among the untrodden ways 2862Lord Byron 2863

Don Juan 2863Canto 3, Stanza 9 2863Canto 14, Stanza 95 2864

Percy Bysshe Shelley 2864O World, O Life, O Time 2865

John Keats 2867The Eve of St. Agnes 2867To Autumn 2868

Alfred, Lord Tennyson 2869The Lady of Shalott 2869Tithonus 2872

Gerard Manley Hopkins 2873Thou art indeed just, Lord 2873

William Butler Yeats 2873The Sorrow of Love 2874Leda and the Swan 2875After Long Silence 2877

D. H. Lawrence 2879The Piano 2879

SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHIES 2881Suggested General Readings 2881The Romantic Period 2883The Victorian Age 2891The Twentieth Century 2899

GEOGRAPHIC NOMENCLATURE 2916MAP: London in the 19th and 20th Centuries 2917

BRITISH MONEY 2918THE BRITISH BARONAGE . 2921

The Royal Lines of England and Great Britain 2923RELIGIONS IN ENGLAND • 2926POETIC FORMS AND LITERARY TERMINOLOGY 2928

PERMISSIONS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 2945

INDEX 2950