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TRANSCRIPT
The Opportunities
and Challenges of Fly
Ash in Turkey
September 1st, 2014
by
Dr. Sırrı Uyanık Mehmet Topeli
Welcome
Outline
Power Generation Figures of Turkey
The Importance of Coal in the Turkish Energy Mix
The Utilization of Fly Ash in Turkey
A Success Story: İSKEN Sugözü Power Plant
Conclusion
Geographical Surrounding of Turkey
EU CE & SEE
NA
ME
Sugözü PP
Mediterranean Sea
Black Sea Caspian Sea
Economical Overview – TURKEY
Turkey is a transcontinental Eurasian country
Turkey's area occupies 783,562 km2 which is world's 37th largest country and
more than 2 times of Germany
The population is around 74 Million with an annual growth rate more than 1%
Average age of the population is 29,2 and almost half of the population has
age lower than 25 years old
Turkey is the World's 16th largest economy with a GDP of 772 Billion USD
(10.444 USD per capita)
The GDP growth rate from 2002 to 2011 averaged 5,2% (8,5% in 2011), which
made Turkey one of the fastest growing economies in the world during that
period.
Power Generation Figures of Turkey
14
0.5
80
15
0.6
98
16
1.9
56
17
6.3
00
19
1.5
58
19
8.4
18
19
4.8
13
21
0.1
82
22
9.4
00
23
9.4
97
0
50.000
100.000
150.000
200.000
250.000
300.000
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
7,4%
8,9% 8,7%
3,6% -2,2%
7,9%
GWh
7,2%
9,1% 4,4%
The Importance of Coal in the Turkish Energy Mix
Power Generation by Sources in Turkey
Hydraulic 24,1%
Wind 2,4%
Fuel Oil, Asphaltite 0,8%
Geothermal 0,4%
Others 0,9%
Natural Gas 43,5%
Hard Coal 1,4%
Lignite 14,4%
Imported Coal 12,2%
Coal 28,0%
Hydraulic Wind Fuel Oil, Asphaltite Geothermal Others Natural Gas Hard Coal Lignite Imported Coal
Total Electricity Generation in 2012 239.497 GWh
Coal Production and Imports in Turkey K
ton
Lignite production
The Imported Coal amount over the years
The Utilization of Fly Ash in Turkey
The Utilization of Fly Ash in Turkey
19M tons of fly ash production which was 3% of
the world total, was realized in Turkey in 2012.
Only 10% of the total amount could have been
used by the cement/construction industry so far.
The rest was landfilled.
It is expected that the amount of fly ash will
increase by 30% and proportionally, approximately
25M tons of fly ash that has to be handled by
2020
There is an increasing demand for the certified ash
according to EN 450.
* Yearly fly ash production in Turkey.
Cement Industry in Turkey
World Cement Production
Country Mtons %
1 China 2.220 60,00%
2 India 247 6,68%
3 USA 74 2,00%
4 Iran 73 1,98%
5 Turkey 69 1,86%
6 Brasil 68 1,84%
7 Russia 60 1,62%
... ... ... ...
TOTAL 3.700
Export Markets of Turkish Cement Industry
Environmental Classification of Fly Ash
Environmental Classification of Fly Ash
A Success Story In Environmental Management and
Utilization of Fly Ash
İSKEN Sugözü Power Plant
İSKEN Sugözü Power Plant
First imported coal-fired power plant in Turkey.
“Built-Operate-Own” model power plant.
9 Billion kWh electrical energy per year (%4).
High concern over environmental protection.
o Low NOx Burner
o Electrostatic Precipitators
o Flue Gas Desulphurization Systems
ISO 14001 and OHSAS 18001 quality management certificates since
September 26, 2009.
Contribution of İSKEN to the Market
İSKEN has a leading role in marketing of by products.
First Power Plant in Turkey producing certified fly ash. Ash production is around 350K tons per year.
Starting from commerical operation date up to the end of
2013, 3,5M tons of ash were produced and 3,2M tons were sent to the cement/concrete industry.
* Utilization rate of ash produced by İSKEN
* Utilization rate of gypsum produced by İSKEN
“Making environmentally friendly production in world standarts while taking care of all natural sources by using modern technology and treatment systems shows the importance that İSKEN give to the quality rather than quantity.”
To realize that vision,
Fly Ash Certification of İSKEN acc. to EN 450-1
Property Actual Limit Sample
Loss of Ignition - Category A % 1,84 < 5 A - B
Fineness - Category N % 15,02 16 ± 10 A - B
Weekly Free CaO % 0,113 < 2,5 B
Reactive CaO % 3,62 < 10 B
Chloride % 0,01 < 0,1 B
SO3 % 0,29 < 3 B
Alkalis % 2,08 < 5 B
Total SiO2+Al2O3+Fe2O3 % 87,28 > 70 B
Activity Index (28days) % 75,75 > 75 C
Activity Index (90days) % 89,05 > 85 C
Particle Density kg/m3 2325 2350 ± 200 C
Daily
Monthly
Conclusion
Conclusion
The coal consumption in Turkey is incresaing. Moreover, all local coal
will be exploited by 2023. (STRATEGY DOCUMENT – 2009).
Accordingly there will be more fly ash produced that has to be
recycled or properly landfilled.
There is always an increasing demand for the certified fly ash.
However the most of the fly ash produced is calcareous type and upto
now there is limited usage or uncontrolled landfilling.
Therefore new areas should be found, in order increase the utilization
rate of the calcerous fly ash as well.
The beneficial usage of CCPs can be an opportunity for the Turkish
economy, otherwise it will be an environmental challange.