The organic compound that is our body’s major source of energy

=Carbohydrates

The monomer of carbohydrates

=Monosaccharides

The organic compound that makes up cellular membranes, steroids, & long-term energy storage.

=Lipids

The monomer of lipids is fatty acids attached to a = Glycerol

This organic compound catalyzes chemical reactions, facilitates communication between cells, & transports biological molecules in the body = Proteins

The monomer of proteins = Amino acids

This organic compound makes the genetic code that creates you.= Nucleic acid

The monomer of nucleic acids = Nucleotides

Sucrose is an example of a = Disaccharide

This polysaccharide is what plants store the food they make during photosynthesis as = Starch

This polysaccharide makes up the exoskeletons of arthropods & the cell walls of fungi = Chitin

This polysaccharide is what animals store energy in their liver & muscles as = Glycogen

This type of protein lowers the activation energy of a chemical reaction in your body = Enzymes

This is the required amount of energy to start a chemical reaction in your body = Activation energy

Enzymes fit like a _________________ to its substrate. = Lock-and-key

The molecule(s) on which an enzyme acts (Enzymes build & break apart)= Substrate

The concept that describes a molecule that has an uneven distribution of electrons, creating a ‘charge’. = Polarity

The tendency of similar or identical particles/surfaces to cling to one another = Cohesion

This demonstrates what property of water?= Surface tension

The tendency of dissimilar particles or surfaces to cling to one another = Adhesion

Water’s polarity gives it several unique properties- such as water is the universal ___________.= Solvent

The substance in the solution that is dissolved is called the ____________. = Solute

An reaction in which energy is absorbed (the products have more energy than the reactants). = Endergonic

The substance in the solution that is doing the dissolving is called the ____________. = Solvent

An reaction in which energy is released (the products have less energy than the reactants). =Exergonic

Cells that do not contain a nucleus or any organelles; Example: bacteria= Prokaryotes

These structures serve as sites for protein synthesis and are made in the nucleolus of eukaryotes= Ribosomes

Cells that contain a nucleus and other organelles = Eukaryotes

This structure provides the scaffolding of the cell. It spans throughout the entire cytoplasm and is made of microtubules and microfilaments. = Cytoskeleton

Cell membranes are made up of ________________. = Phospholipids

Refers to an organism that makes its own food = Autotroph/Producer

Phospholipids form membranes by making a unique arrangement referred to as a = Lipid bilayer.

Refers to an organism that obtains its food by consuming other things (through absorption or ingestion) =Heterotroph/Consumer

The type of transport across a membrane that requires energy in order to perform =Active Transport

When particles become distributed evenly and uniformly =Diffusion

The type of transport across a membrane that moves down the gradient to equilibrium; it does not require energy = Passive Transport

The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane =Osmosis

Another way of saying that a cell membrane chooses what substances enter and leave the cell =Selectively permeable

Active transport; a large amount of substances are taken into the cell= Endocytosis

Active transport; a large amount of substances are released from the cell =Exocytosis

Active transport; when food/solids are taken into the cell =Phagocytosis

Active transport; when large amounts of a liquid is taken into the cell =Pinocytosis

The longest portion of the cell cycle; Made up of three stages –G1, S, & G2 phases =Interphase

The process by which a cell separates the chromosomes in its cell nucleus into two identical sets =Mitosis

The process in which the cytoplasm of a cell is divided to form two daughter cells =Cytokinesis

The phase in which the DNA of a cell is replicated before mitosis & cytokinesis =S phase

Cytokinesis is completed in animal cells through the formation of a ___________________. =Cleavage furrow

Cytokinesis is completed in plant cells through the formation of a ____________. =Cell plate

Prophase

Metaphase

Anaphase

Telophase

An example of homeostasis in which an organism regulates its temperature = Thermoregulation

The state in which an organism regulates its internal environment and tends to maintain a stable, relatively constant condition of properties such as temperature or pH = Homeostasis

The process in which food such as glucose is converted into useable energy (ATP) for the cell = Cellular respiration

The process in which the energy from sunlight is used to power the production of glucose =Photosynthesis

Membrane-bound discs in a chloroplast where the light dependent reaction of photosynthesis occurs =Thylakoid

The folds of the inner membrane of the mitochondria where the electron transport chain is located =Cristae

This organelle is the “power-house” of the cell; it is responsible for cellular respiration = Mitochondria

This organelle is the “food factory” of plant cells through photosynthesis; contains the pigment chlorophyll =Chloroplast

The metabolic pathway in which glucose is broken into two pyruvates = Glycolysis

The second step of aerobic cellular respiration is ___=Citric acid cycle___ also known as the Krebs cycle. It occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria.

The __=Electron transport chain__ is the final stage of aerobic cellular respiration; Here, oxygen acts as the final electron accepter so ATP can be made.

Aerobic cellular respiration makes __=32-38 (36)__ ATP.

Fermentation makes _=2_ ATP.

Anaerobic cellular respiration in which lactic acid is a byproduct; this is what makes you sore after a work-out =Lactic acid Fermentation

Cellular respiration without oxygen is called =Fermentation .

Anaerobic cellular respiration in which alcohol and carbon dioxide is a byproduct; yeast does this in the production of bread = Alcoholic fermentation

The first step in photosynthesis; consists of Photosystems I & II; requires sunlight and water, makes energy for the Calvin cycle, & gives off oxygen =Light Dependent Reaction

The second step in photosynthesis; requires energy & carbon dioxide to make glucose; also known as the Calvin cycle =Light Independent Reaction

Factors in an ecosystem that are living =Biotic factors

The type of symbiosis in which both species benefit; Example: Clownfish & the sea anemone =Mutualism

Factors in an ecosystem that are non-living =Abiotic factors

The type of symbiosis in which one species benefits, the other is neither helped nor harmed; Example: Moss growing on a tree =Commensalism

Biomes are classified based on these things: = Precipitation, Temperature (together makes climate) & the flora and fauna

The type of symbiosis in which one species benefits, the other is harmed; Example: Ringworms in a dog =Parasitism

This is the single sequence of who eats whom in a community to obtain nutrition. =Food chain

This depicts all the interconnected feeding relationships in a community. =Food web

This graphical model shows how much energy flows through each trophic level =Energy pyramid

Each layer in an ecological pyramid is called a _=trophic_ level; this word means food

This model shows the relative number of the members of each trophic level = Pyramid of Numbers

This demonstrates how much biomass (dry mass of the organisms) is present at each trophic level= Biomass pyramid

Relationship between different species or members of the same species in which individuals strive to get food, water, territory, mates, etc. =Competition

Interaction when an organism captures and feeds off of another =Predation

Examples of density-dependent factors = Competition, predation, parasitism, & disease

A factor that causes the growth of a population to decrease =Limiting factor

Examples of density-independent factors =Unusual weather, natural disasters, seasonal cycles, and certain human activities

Succession that occurs on bare surfaces where no soil exists; after lava flow or glacier movement = Primary succession

The observed changes in the makeup of an ecosystem over time. = Ecological succession

Succession following a disturbance that destroy a community without destroying the soil; Example: after tornadoes, floods, or hurricanes =Secondary succession

First species to populate an area during primary succession; Usually lichen =Pioneer species

Group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring =Species

Group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area =Population

Different populations that live together in a defined area (all the living things in a given area) =Community

Collection of all the organisms that live in a particular area together with the abiotic factors =Ecosystem

Group of ecosystems that have the same climate and dominant communities =Biome

All parts of Earth in which life exists =Biosphere

The average, year-after-year conditions of temperature and precipitation in a particular region =Climate

Condition of Earth’s atmosphere at a particular time and place =Weather

Natural situation in which heat is retained in Earth’s atmosphere by carbon dioxide, methane, water vapor, and other gases =Greenhouse effect