got energy? carbohydrates and lipids carbohydrates 0 building block molecules = monosaccharides...
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Got Energy?Carbohydrates and Lipids
Carbohydrates0Building block molecules = monosaccharides
sugar sugar sugar sugar sugar sugar sugarsugar
1:2:1 CHO Ratio
sucrose
Carbohydrates0Function:
0 quick energy
0 energy storage
0 structure0cell wall in plants
0Examples0 sugars
0 starches
0 cellulose (cell wall)
glucoseC6H12O6
starch
Sugars = building blocks
0Names for sugars usually end in0 glucose0 fructose0 sucrose0 maltose OH
OH
H
H
HO
CH2OH
HH
H
OH
O
glucoseC6H12O6
sucrose
fructose
maltose
-ose
Building carbohydrates
|glucose
|glucose
1 sugar = monosaccharide
2 sugars = disaccharide
|maltose
mono = onesaccharide = sugardi = two
Building carbohydrates
|fructose
|glucose
1 sugar = monosaccharide
|sucrose(table sugar)
2 sugars = disaccharide
How sweetit is!
BIG carbohydrates0Polysaccharides
0 large carbohydrates0starch
0 energy storage in plants0 potatoes
0glycogen0 energy storage in animals0 in liver & muscles
0cellulose0 structure in plants0 cell walls
0chitin 0 structure in arthropods & fungi0 exoskeleton
poly = many
Building BIG carbohydratesglucose + glucose + glucose… =
starch(plant)
glycogen(animal)
energystorage
polysaccharide
Digesting starch vs. cellulose
starcheasy todigest
starcheasy todigest
cellulosehard todigest
cellulosehard todigest
enzyme
enzyme
Cellulose 0Cell walls in plants
0 herbivores can digest cellulose well0 most carnivores cannot digest cellulose
0 that’s why they eat meat to get their energy & nutrients
0cellulose = roughage0 stays undigested0 keeps material
moving in your intestines
Different Diets of HerbivoresCow
can digest cellulose well; no need to eat other sugars
Gorillacan’t digest cellulose well; must add another sugar source, like fruit to diet
Helpful bacteria0How can cows digest cellulose so well?0BACTERIA live in their stomachs & help digest
cellulose-rich (grass) meals
Lipids 0Examples0fats
0oils
0waxes
0hormones 0sex hormones0testosterone (male)
0estrogen (female)
Lipids
0Function:0 energy storage
0very concentrated0 twice the energy as carbohydrates!
0 cell membrane0 cushions organs0 insulates body
0 think whale blubber!
2003-2004
Structure of Fatnot a chain (polymer) = just a “big fat molecule”
Saturated fats0Most animal fats
0 solid at room temperature
0Limit the amount in your diet0 contributes to heart
disease 0 deposits in arteries
Unsaturated fats0Plant, vegetable & fish fats
0 liquid at room temperature0 the fat molecules
don’t stack tightlytogether
0Better choice in your diet
Saturated vs. unsaturated
2003-2004
saturated unsaturated
Other lipids in biology
0Cholesterol0 good molecule in cell membranes0 make hormones from it
Other lipids in biology0Cell membranes are made out of lipids
0 phospholipids0 heads are on the outside touching water
0 “like” water0 tails are on inside away from water
0 “scared” of water0 forms a barrier
between the cell & the outside