the origins of our government. thomas hobbes wrote: leviathan before gov people lived in a state of...
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THE ORIGINS OF OUR GOVERNMENT
Thomas Hobbes
• Wrote: Leviathan
• Before GOV people lived in a state of nature (chaos)
• Weak overcome by strong
• Made GOV to protect themselves
DIVINE RIGHT THEORY
The idea that God created the state and the ruler of said state is doing the will of God. Usually Royalty… inherited by blood.
FORCE THEORY
An individual or small group takes power by force over a population of people.
JOHN LOCKE
• Wrote:Treatises on Government
• People must give their consent to be ruled.
• Natural Rights Life, Liberty and Property
THE SOCIAL CONTRACT
GOVERNMENT ONLY EXISTS TO PROTECT NATURAL RIGHTS
JEAN ROUSSEAU
• People were born free
• Purpose of GOV is to maintain that freedom
SOCIAL CONTRACT THEORY
The idea that individuals give up whatever freedom is needed in order to create a state that provides safety and well-being.
EVOLUTIONARY THEORY
Government developed as families joined to form clans, which grew into tribes regulated by older males
THE BARON de Montesquieu
• First to theorize the separation of powers
• Said no one person should make law, enforce law, and interpret law
GREECE
• DIRECT DEMOCRACY
• EQUALITY IN VOTING
ROME
• REPRESENTATIVE
DEMOCRACY
ENGLANDENGLAND
• MAGNA CARTA
• CANNOT TAKE AWAY NATURAL RIGHTS WITHOUT DUE PROCESS OF LAW!
• ENGLISH BILL OF RIGHTS
Established the symbolic monarch
• PARLIAMENT
House of Commons, House of Lords
JUDICIAL INFLUENCE
• ENGLISH COMMON LAW
• Legal Standard of Precedent
• Judges only selected cases that hadn’t been decided before
• Precedent, or preceding law decided similar cases