the ottoman empire the ottoman empire 1300-1700 *located in asia minor
TRANSCRIPT
THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE
1300-1700
*Located in Asia Minor
BYZANTIUM RENAMEDByzantium Greek city-state
renamed Constantinople in 330 A.D. –location amazing for trade!
Became capital city of Byzantine Empire – trade continued, cultural diffusion was immense
CRUSADERS & TURKS FIGHTCrusades fought in Byzantine &
invasions by Turks & Mongols common by 13th Century
Turkish people loyal to their tribes & clans, but not to a central government◦Wanted to take down Crusaders & break up the Empire to take over
GHAZISMany Anatolian Turks saw
themselves as GHAZIS – warriors for Islam (like Crusaders)
Followed strict code of conduct
Raided territoriesMuslim (believed in Islam)
OSMAN & OTTOMANS
OSMAN most successful ghazi & a Muslim
His followers OTTOMANS
Attempts to build unified empire by conquering & controlling lands in Anatolia (Turkey)
Uses gunpowderAmong 1st to use cannons & muskets
ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF OSMAN
Officially takes over Byzantium area & establishes OTTOMAN EMPIRE in 1299
Kind ruler to those he conquered Allowed local rulers to remain in place
Improved lives of peasants
Protected religious preferences – follow your own religion
Taxed people fairly (even non-Muslims)
Rulers called SULTANS – “one with power”
RISE OF TIMUR THE LAME (TAMERLANE)TIMUR THE LAME: warrior from
Asia
Conquered Russia, Persia, northern India, & burned Baghdad to ground
Butchered people in New Delhi & made pyramid of skulls
Halted expansion of Ottoman Empire until 1405
MEHMET IITimur’s son, MEHMET II new sultan
1451 - builds fleet & massive army to attack Constantinople (wanted control of Bosporus Strait for trade & prosperity)
1453 – captured Constantinople & renamed it ISTANBUL new capital of their empire
“Give me Constantinople!”
ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF MEHMET IIMehmet now called MEHMET THE
CONQUEROR
HAGIA SOPHIA (famous church) became a mosque
Islam religion became unifying force
BUT religious toleration encouraged & diverse population inhabited the city
HAGIA SOPHIA
SELIM THE GRIMOverthrew father & murdered
brothers
Killed all nephews & own kids, but 1 son
Crazy guy, but effective!
Defeated Safavids of Persia & conquered Mecca, Medina, & Cairo (holy cities & intellectual cities)◦Happened at same time Cortez takes over
Aztecs
SULEIMAN I1520-1566 – Suleiman (“the
lawgiver”) – built strong empire militarily, economically, & socially – GOLDEN AGE
Gained more land in eastern Mediterranean, northern African ports, trade routes inside Africa, & central Europe
Efficient government structure w/social organization (held for 600 years!)
SULEIMAN’S EMPIRE20,000 personal slaves
30,000 JANISSARIES: forces of people from conquered Christian territories
DEVSHIRME policy: training boys as soldiers
SULEIMAN’S ACHIEVEMENTSFreedom of worship
Binding the Ottoman Empire together
Simplified taxation system
Reduced government interference (bureacracy)
“Renaissance Man”
Art & Literature flourished
SELIM IISuleiman killed best son &
drove away another 3rd incompetent son, SELIM II inherited throne
Ran corrupt government & it continued in family through generations
Defeated militarily in 1571 by Spain & Italy
WHAT HAPPENED TO THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE?Became customary to kill off
good sons & cut off rest from education produced long line of weak rulers & ruined empire
Empire crumbled slowly & finally dissolved with creation of Turkey after World War I