The parents are heterozygous.

F f

F

f

FF Ff

Ff ff

Genotype ratio1FF:2Ff:1ff

Phenotype Ratio3 freckles:1 no freckles

• Incomplete dominance – dominance relationship in which there is a blending of traits in the heterozygous.

• Black cat (BB) X White cat (bb) Grey cat Bb

• Codominance- dominance relationship in which both traits show in the offspring.

• Black horse (BB) X White horse (WW) roan Black and white hairs on horse (BW)

Males XY Females XX

• Blood type A – possible genotype AA or AO

• Blood type O- genotype OO

• Possible blood type of offspring: A or O

AO AO

AO AO

AO OO

AO OO

A A

O

O

A O

O

O

Most sex- linked genes are located on the

• X

chromosome

What theory is most accepted as to how the earth was created?

• The BIG BANG!!!!!!!• a theory that the

universe began with an explosion of a dense mass of matter and is still expanding from the force of that explosion.

What did Miller and Urey try to demonstrate in their experiment

Tested the hypothesis that conditions on the primitive Earth favored chemical reactions that produced organic compounds from simpler inorganic compounds

The first organisms to live on earth were believed to be

•Heterotrophic Prokaryotes

The Endosymbotic Theory

Several key organelles of eukaryotes originated as symbioses between separate single-celled organisms

Evidence of Evolution

• Fossils• Comparative anatomy– Homologous structures– Analogous structures– Vestigial structures

• molecular evidence• Comparative Embryology

Homologous Stuctures

• Structures that are the same internally but not necessarily the same externally

Embryology- the structure and development of a particular organism

Embryos that look similar have a common ancestor

• Fossils show that life did not always have the forms that it has now. They shows that different life forms existed in the past, and now no longer exist. Life in the past as evidenced in fossils has progressed in a series of forms that are similar to both earlier and later forms, indicating that heredity is a factor in their emergence.

MY THEORY

Charles Darwin

• Being the fittest is being the best adapted to survive in an environment.

•Ecology is the study of organisms and their

environment.

Biosphere• The combined area of the earth that supports life

Most of the energy supply for a food chain comes from

Give an example of a producer

• All plants are producers:–Examples- trees, rose bushes,

tomato plants etc–Algae & phytoplankton are

producers in aquatic systems

Food Web

• A. Primary or secondary• B. Increase in Krill• C. Less only 10% is passed from the primary

producer• D. One impact could be the extinction of one

or more of the organisms in the food web. Many species are very sensitive to temperature change.

Bacteria are the recyclers of the ecosystem.

They break down all matter into the basic nutrients to make the

nutrients available for other organisms.

Digestive System Diagram

• A. Esophagus• B. Gall Bladder• C. Liver• D. Stomach• E. Ignore• F. Pancreas• G. Small Intestine• H. Large Intestine

Nephron found in the kidney. Used to filter blood and create urine.

The Heart

• Left Ventricle F Right Ventricle G

• Left Atrium CRight Atrium J• The job of the septum is to

separate the oxygenated blood from the deoxygenated blood

• Largest artery in the body is the Aorta

Main Function

Digestive system Break down food and absorb nutrients

Excretory system Remove toxins and liquid waste from the body

Kidney Filter the blood to produce urine

Circulatory system Transport nutrients, oxygen and carbon dioxide to all cells in the body

Vein Carry blood towards the heart

Artery Carry Blood away from the heart

Capillary Area of transfer of substances into and out of the blood

Diaphragm Muscle that increases or decreases the area of the chest cavity to allow the lungs to inflate and deflate