the path to revolution (1763-1776). british action
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: The Path to Revolution (1763-1776). British Action](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56649ec75503460f94bd388b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Pathto Revolution(1763-1776)
![Page 2: The Path to Revolution (1763-1776). British Action](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56649ec75503460f94bd388b/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
British Action
![Page 3: The Path to Revolution (1763-1776). British Action](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56649ec75503460f94bd388b/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Colonial Reaction
![Page 4: The Path to Revolution (1763-1776). British Action](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56649ec75503460f94bd388b/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
The British begin to
enforce new laws…
![Page 5: The Path to Revolution (1763-1776). British Action](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56649ec75503460f94bd388b/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Currency Act (1764)
British merchants complain about worthless colonial money Parliament previously prohibited paper money in New England (1751) Parliament prohibits all colonial legislatures from printing paper currency.
![Page 6: The Path to Revolution (1763-1776). British Action](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56649ec75503460f94bd388b/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Sugar Act (1764)George Grenville
![Page 7: The Path to Revolution (1763-1776). British Action](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56649ec75503460f94bd388b/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Sugar Act (1764)
Lowers duty on molasses to discourage smuggling caused by the Molasses Act (1733), but…Places heavy duties on textiles, coffee, indigo, and wine imported from foreign countriesRaises duty on refined sugar from French West Indies
![Page 8: The Path to Revolution (1763-1776). British Action](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56649ec75503460f94bd388b/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Sugar Act (1764)
Tries offenders in admiralty courts (no juries and no presumption of innocence)First law ever passed by
Parliament for the specific purpose of raising tax revenue in the colonies for the Crown
![Page 9: The Path to Revolution (1763-1776). British Action](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56649ec75503460f94bd388b/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Sugar Act (1764)
Part of Grenville’s order to strictly enforce the Navigation Laws Expands list of
“enumerated” articlesUnlike earlier Navigation
Laws, this is strictly enforced
![Page 10: The Path to Revolution (1763-1776). British Action](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56649ec75503460f94bd388b/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Colonial Reaction
Bitter protests Colonists see this as…
taxationwithout
representation
![Page 11: The Path to Revolution (1763-1776). British Action](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56649ec75503460f94bd388b/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
“virtual representation”
Grenville argues that colonists are “virtually” represented by all representatives in Parliament
![Page 12: The Path to Revolution (1763-1776). British Action](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56649ec75503460f94bd388b/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: The Path to Revolution (1763-1776). British Action](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56649ec75503460f94bd388b/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
“actual representation”
Parliament can’t possibly represent colonials interests unless we have actual representatives seated in Parliament
![Page 14: The Path to Revolution (1763-1776). British Action](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56649ec75503460f94bd388b/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
nonimportation movement (1764) New York colonial
assembly claims to be exempt from taxation by anyone but their own representatives
not a “privilege” but as a “right”
![Page 15: The Path to Revolution (1763-1776). British Action](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56649ec75503460f94bd388b/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
nonimportation movement (1764) New York merchants join
artisans and merchants in Boston in organized boycott of British manufactured goods
“homespun”
![Page 16: The Path to Revolution (1763-1776). British Action](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56649ec75503460f94bd388b/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Committees of Correspondence
(1764) Groups of Patriots
organized to exchange information about British action in the colonies
First in Boston, on advice of Sam Adams
Provided network for molding public opinion.
![Page 17: The Path to Revolution (1763-1776). British Action](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56649ec75503460f94bd388b/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Stamp Act (1765)George Grenville
For two generations, Britons had already been paying such a tax “Can’t two million colonists pay at least a third of the cost for their own defense?” (7.5 million Britons were already paying heavy tax)
![Page 18: The Path to Revolution (1763-1776). British Action](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56649ec75503460f94bd388b/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Stamp Act (1765)George Grenville
Requires tax stamps on all legal documents, newspapers, almanacs, and pamphlets issued in colonies Intended to help pay for maintenance of British troops in America
![Page 19: The Path to Revolution (1763-1776). British Action](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56649ec75503460f94bd388b/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Stamp Act (1765)George Grenville
Tries offenders in vice-admiralty courts No juries Distant from home Presumption of guilt Violates “rights of Englishmen”
![Page 20: The Path to Revolution (1763-1776). British Action](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56649ec75503460f94bd388b/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Quartering Act (1765)George Grenville
Requires colonies to supply British troops with provisions and barracks or submit to their use of inns and vacant buildings Applied to all the colonies, but mainly affected New York, headquarters of the British forces
![Page 21: The Path to Revolution (1763-1776). British Action](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56649ec75503460f94bd388b/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Colonial Reaction
Some refuse to comply with Quartering Act
Other voted only a fraction of the supplies required by the Act
![Page 22: The Path to Revolution (1763-1776). British Action](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56649ec75503460f94bd388b/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Stamp Act Congress
Takes places in New York City (October, 1765)
Declaration of Rights and Grievances
Only colonial government, not British Parliament, can levy taxes
1st united action against British
![Page 23: The Path to Revolution (1763-1776). British Action](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56649ec75503460f94bd388b/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Sons of Liberty (1765)
“Sons of Liberty” - Colonel Isaac Barré
Secret, radical patriotic organization
Springs up in all colonies, especially Massachusetts, NY
![Page 24: The Path to Revolution (1763-1776). British Action](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56649ec75503460f94bd388b/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Sons of Liberty (1765)
Leaders mostly middle and upper class Samuel Adams -
Massachusetts Christopher Gadsden
- Carolina Instigate common
people Use violence as a
tactic (tar and feathering, etc.)
![Page 25: The Path to Revolution (1763-1776). British Action](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56649ec75503460f94bd388b/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: The Path to Revolution (1763-1776). British Action](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56649ec75503460f94bd388b/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
“internal” vs. “external” tax
“external” = indirect tax = a measure that raised revenue through regulation of trade (Sugar Act)
“internal” = direct tax = measure that raised revenue directly from the colonists to support the Crown (Stamp Act)
![Page 27: The Path to Revolution (1763-1776). British Action](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56649ec75503460f94bd388b/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Declaratory Act (1766)
Lord Rockingham
Passed after repeal of the Stamp Act States the Parliament has right and power to make laws that were binding on the colonies “in all cases whatsoever”
![Page 28: The Path to Revolution (1763-1776). British Action](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56649ec75503460f94bd388b/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Townshend Duties (1767)
Charles Townshend To raise revenue from colonies after the repeal of the Stamp Act Chancellor of the Exchequer Charles Townshend Revenue earmarked to pay salaries of royal governors and judges.
![Page 29: The Path to Revolution (1763-1776). British Action](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56649ec75503460f94bd388b/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Townshend Duties (1767)
Charles Townshend Places duties on glass, paper, paint, lead, and tea imported into the American colonies Creates Board of Customs Commissioners to collect and enforce duties
![Page 30: The Path to Revolution (1763-1776). British Action](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56649ec75503460f94bd388b/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Suspension of the New York legislature (1767)
Parliament closes New York legislature for failing to comply with the Quartering Act
![Page 31: The Path to Revolution (1763-1776). British Action](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56649ec75503460f94bd388b/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Letters of a Farmer in Pennsylvania (1768)
John Dickinson writes a series of newspaper articles against British taxation.
He earns the title “Penman of the Revolution.”
![Page 32: The Path to Revolution (1763-1776). British Action](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56649ec75503460f94bd388b/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
British Troops Occupy Boston (1768)
To curb smuggling of tea, British land two regiments of troops in Boston
![Page 33: The Path to Revolution (1763-1776). British Action](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56649ec75503460f94bd388b/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
“Boston Massacre” (March 5, 1770)
Boston mob taunts soldiers and throw snowballs, stones, and clubs.
Captain Preston tries to prevent bloodshed, but shot is fired.
![Page 34: The Path to Revolution (1763-1776). British Action](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56649ec75503460f94bd388b/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
“Boston Massacre” (March 5, 1770)
Patriot lawyer John Adams defends Preston, who is acquitted
Revolutionary leaders use incident as propaganda.
![Page 35: The Path to Revolution (1763-1776). British Action](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56649ec75503460f94bd388b/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
“Quiet Period” (1770-1773)
No one general grievance among all the colonies, but… Royal governors of Massachusetts and South Carolina move meeting places of legislatures to small towns miles from the capital.
![Page 36: The Path to Revolution (1763-1776). British Action](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56649ec75503460f94bd388b/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
“Quiet Period” (1770-1773)
Smuggling of tea goes on… British attempt to stamp
out smuggling is heavy-handed.
![Page 37: The Path to Revolution (1763-1776). British Action](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56649ec75503460f94bd388b/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Townshend duties repealed (1770)
Parliament withdraws all the duties except the tax on tea, which leads to…
![Page 38: The Path to Revolution (1763-1776). British Action](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56649ec75503460f94bd388b/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Tea Act (1773)
Removes export duties on tea Designed to help
financially troubled British East India Company Allowed company to sell
tea directly to America without first going to England
![Page 39: The Path to Revolution (1763-1776). British Action](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56649ec75503460f94bd388b/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Colonial Reaction
Because colonial merchants of tea were being undersold, it caused great resentment in the colonies.
Protests eventually led to…
![Page 40: The Path to Revolution (1763-1776). British Action](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56649ec75503460f94bd388b/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Boston Tea Party (December 16, 1773)
Midnight raid against British tea ships in Boston Harbor
Organizer: Samuel Adams
![Page 41: The Path to Revolution (1763-1776). British Action](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56649ec75503460f94bd388b/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Boston Tea Party (December 16, 1773)
Disguised as Mohawk Indians
Dumped British East India Tea Company tea
![Page 42: The Path to Revolution (1763-1776). British Action](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56649ec75503460f94bd388b/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Coercive Acts (1774)Lord North
A series of five separate laws passed by British Parliament in response to colonial defiance of the tea tax and the Boston Tea Party
![Page 43: The Path to Revolution (1763-1776). British Action](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56649ec75503460f94bd388b/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
1. Boston Port Act
Closes the port of Boston to trade as punishment for destruction of tea
![Page 44: The Path to Revolution (1763-1776). British Action](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56649ec75503460f94bd388b/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
The act punishes the
innocent along with the guilty
![Page 45: The Path to Revolution (1763-1776). British Action](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56649ec75503460f94bd388b/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
2. Administration of Justice Act
Provides that British soldiers arrested for serious crimes against colonists would be returned to England for trial
![Page 46: The Path to Revolution (1763-1776). British Action](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56649ec75503460f94bd388b/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Colonists call it the “Murder
Act”
![Page 47: The Path to Revolution (1763-1776). British Action](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56649ec75503460f94bd388b/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
3. Massachusetts Government Act
Forbids traditional New England town meetings Takes away colonial
legislature’s right to elect members to governor’s council (Crown appoints) Appoints sheriffs to select
juries; previously elected
![Page 48: The Path to Revolution (1763-1776). British Action](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56649ec75503460f94bd388b/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
3. Massachusetts Government Act
Also makes British General Thomas Gage, commander-in-chief in America, the governor of Massachusetts
![Page 49: The Path to Revolution (1763-1776). British Action](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56649ec75503460f94bd388b/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
4. Quartering Act
Requires certain colonies to provide housing (quarters) and provisions for British troops
![Page 50: The Path to Revolution (1763-1776). British Action](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56649ec75503460f94bd388b/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
5. Quebec Act
Passed the same day as the others Adds western territory
north of Ohio River to the province of Quebec Eliminates claims of some
of the colonies to the region
![Page 51: The Path to Revolution (1763-1776). British Action](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56649ec75503460f94bd388b/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
5. Quebec Act
Sets up government of an appointed governor and council, but no elected assembly Provides for trial of civil
cases without a jury Gives Catholic Church
privileges enjoyed under the French
![Page 52: The Path to Revolution (1763-1776). British Action](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56649ec75503460f94bd388b/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
=
![Page 53: The Path to Revolution (1763-1776). British Action](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56649ec75503460f94bd388b/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
“Intolerable Acts” (1774)
Lord North
![Page 54: The Path to Revolution (1763-1776). British Action](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56649ec75503460f94bd388b/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
First Continental Congress
(1774) Met in Philadelphia All colonies but Georgia Adopted Declaration of
Rights and Grievances. Organized Continental
Association to boycott English goods.
Called for second congress if King George did not act upon its demands
![Page 55: The Path to Revolution (1763-1776). British Action](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56649ec75503460f94bd388b/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Battles of Lexington and Concord (1775) First battle of American
Revolution British troops sent to
destroy military arsenal at Concord
Minutemen alerted by Paul Revere and Samuel Prescott
Met by colonial militia at Lexington
![Page 56: The Path to Revolution (1763-1776). British Action](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56649ec75503460f94bd388b/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Second Continental Congress (1775)
Met in Philadelphia Organized Continental ArmyAppointed George
Washignton commander in chief
Adopted Declaration of Independence, July 4, 1776
Began framing of Articles of Confederation
![Page 57: The Path to Revolution (1763-1776). British Action](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56649ec75503460f94bd388b/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Olive Branch Petition (July 5, 1775)
Appeal to King George III requesting an end to all military action against the colonists
Written by John Dickinson (PA)
Adopted by Second Continental Congress
Ignored by British government
![Page 58: The Path to Revolution (1763-1776). British Action](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56649ec75503460f94bd388b/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Hessians (1776)
Soldiers from the German state of Hesse
30,000 sent to fight with the British against the colonists
Well-trained, but suffered defeat at Trenton, NJ with surprise attack by GW on Christmas Eve, 1776.
![Page 59: The Path to Revolution (1763-1776). British Action](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56649ec75503460f94bd388b/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Common Sense(1776)
Pamphlet written by Thomas Paine, English-born revolutionary
First to advocate independence for American colonies
Proposes “republic” – reflection of classical republicanism
![Page 60: The Path to Revolution (1763-1776). British Action](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56649ec75503460f94bd388b/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Declaration of Independence
(1776) Committee of John Adams,
Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, Robert R. Livingston and Roger Sherman
TJ is the author List of unalienable rights of
people (natural rights philosophy) and list of abuses by the British government