THE PERIODIC TABLETHE PERIODIC TABLE

2º ESO ESONATURAL SCIENCES

Introduction……o The periodic table represents all of the known elements arranged in

groups according to similar properties. groups according to similar properties. o Elements are arranged in the table in order of their atomic number.o Each box contains the symbol, for the element, the name of the element

d i ´ i band it´s atomic number.o The atomic number of the element is the number of protons and the

number of electrons in the atoms of the element. num er of e ectrons n the atoms of the e ement.

¡REMEMBER! ¡REMEMBER!

The periodic table contains all of the fnaturally occuring

and man-made elementselements

Hydrogen is a y gNon-Metal

NON METALS METALS

Most Least Reactive Reactive

Alkaline Earth Metals

Boron Elements

C b O Carbon Elements Nitrogen

Elements

Oxygen Elements

Hydrogen

(Example 1)o Hydrogen is the lightest element and can be used as a lifting agent in

balloons.

p

o Since Hydrogen gas is highly inflammable, it can be dangerous to use.

o This property and others make Hydrogen suitable for use as a fuel.

o The most common use of Hydrogen is in chemical processes and o The most common use of Hydrogen is in chemical processes and reactions.

Alkaline MetalsAlkaline Metals have the following properties in common:oThey have low melting and boiling points compared to most other metalsoThey have low melting and boiling points compared to most other metals.

oThey are very soft and can be cut easily with a knife.y y y

oThey have low densities (lithium, sodium and potassium will float on water)

oThey react quickly with water, producing hydroxides and hydrogen gas.

oTheir hydroxides and oxides dissolve in water to form alkaline solutions oTheir hydroxides and oxides dissolve in water to form alkaline solutions.

Potassium

Alkaline - Expample 2

Propertieso Soft o Soft o Reacts with air o Stored in oilo Stored in oilo Silver in colouro Melting point o Melting point

63.38ºco Boiling point 759ºco Boiling point 759 c

The Transition ElementsThe Transition Metals have the following properties in common:

oThey form coloured compoundsy p

oThey are good conductors of heat and electricity

oThey can be hammered or bent into shape easily

oThey are less reactive than alkali metals such as sodiumy m m

oThey are usually hard and tough

oThey have high densities

oThey have high melting points-but mercury is a liquid at room temperatureoThey have high melting points but mercury is a liquid at room temperature

GoldTransition Elements – Example 3

PropertiesoSoft for a metaloCan be polished to a high shineoResistant to corrosionoGood conductor of electricity oGood conductor of electricity oGood conductor of heatoMelting point 1064.18ºcoMelting point 1064.18 coBoiling point 2856ºc

Halogen Elements The Halogen elements have the following properties in common:oThe halogens have similar properties

oThey all have seven electrons in the outer shell.

oThey all react very vigorously with alkali metals to form salts.

oHalogen means salt giverg g

Chlorine

Halogen Elements – Example 4PropertiesoDiscovered in 1774 by Carl Wilhelm Scheele, who mistakenly thought it contained oxygen.oObtained from common salt oMelting point 101 5ºCoMelting point -101.5 CoBoiling point -34.04ºC

The Noble Gases

The Noble Gases have the following properties in common:

o The noble gases are quite unreactive

o They have low boiling pointso hey have low bo l ng po nts

o They are gases at room temperature

l ll l o You can also find small amounts of the Noble gases in the atmosphere.

oHelium, neon and argon form no known compounds.

HeliumNoble Gases – Example 5Properties

o Helium has no taste, colour or smell

o The gas is produced in massive stars like the sun where 4 hydrogen atoms fuse together. hydrogen atoms fuse together.

o Melting point -272.2ºC

l ºo Boiling point – 268.93ºC

o 2nd lightest elemenet g

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