The Periodic Table

Periodic TableDmitri Mendeleev arranged the known elements

by characteristics. He summarized his findings in the periodic law which states:When the elements are arranged in order of

increasing mass, certain sets of properties recur periodically.

The elements are arranged in increasing order according to atomic mass.

They are arranged in rows and columns based on characteristics of elements.

Periodic Table

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Periodic Table Broadly elements can be divided into 3 groups

Metals: good conductors of heat and electricity, they are malleable (can be pounded into flat sheets), they are ductile (can be drawn out into thin wires), shiny, lose electrons, chemically reactive. Examples include chromium, copper, strontium, and

lead

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Periodic TableNonmetals: can be solids, liquids, or gases, poor

conductors of heat and electricity, gain electrons, undergo chemical changes. Examples include oxygen, carbon, sulfur, and

bromine

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Periodic TableMetalloids: show mixed properties between

metals and nonmetals. They are called semiconductors with intermediate conductivity.Examples include silicon, arsenic, and antimony

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Periodic TableThe Metal, Metalloids, and Nonmetals are

arranged in particular portions of the Periodic Table.

Periodic Table Each column of the Main group elements is

called a family or group. Each group has specific characteristicsNoble gases- Group 8A Not reactive in most

chemical reactions, they are considered stable with no charge.

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Periodic Table Alkali Metals- Group 1A are all reactive metals,

Some are explosive. Have a positive 1 charge.

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Periodic Table Alkaline earth metals- Group 2A- Also fairly

reactive, but not as reactive as the alkali metals. Have a 2+ charge.

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Periodic Table Halogens- Group 7A Very reactive nonmetals. Have

a negative 1 charge as ions.

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Periodic TableThe transition metals are in the middle of the

table and have varying charges