the periodic table. pre-periodic table chemistry … …was a mess!!! no organization of elements....
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: The Periodic Table. Pre-Periodic Table Chemistry … …was a mess!!! No organization of elements. Imagine going to a grocery store with no organization!!](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/5697bf931a28abf838c8fd72/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Periodic Table
![Page 2: The Periodic Table. Pre-Periodic Table Chemistry … …was a mess!!! No organization of elements. Imagine going to a grocery store with no organization!!](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/5697bf931a28abf838c8fd72/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Pre-Periodic Table Chemistry …
• …was a mess!!!• No organization of
elements.• Imagine going to a grocery
store with no organization!!• Difficult to find information.
![Page 3: The Periodic Table. Pre-Periodic Table Chemistry … …was a mess!!! No organization of elements. Imagine going to a grocery store with no organization!!](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/5697bf931a28abf838c8fd72/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Why is the Periodic Table important to you?
• The periodic table is the most useful tool to a chemistry student.
• It organizes lots of information about all the known elements.
![Page 4: The Periodic Table. Pre-Periodic Table Chemistry … …was a mess!!! No organization of elements. Imagine going to a grocery store with no organization!!](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/5697bf931a28abf838c8fd72/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: The Periodic Table. Pre-Periodic Table Chemistry … …was a mess!!! No organization of elements. Imagine going to a grocery store with no organization!!](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/5697bf931a28abf838c8fd72/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Dmitri Mendeleev: Father of the Table
HOW HIS WORKED…• Put elements in rows
by increasing atomic mass.
• Put elements in columns by the way they reacted.
![Page 6: The Periodic Table. Pre-Periodic Table Chemistry … …was a mess!!! No organization of elements. Imagine going to a grocery store with no organization!!](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/5697bf931a28abf838c8fd72/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
The Current Periodic Table• The elements are put in rows by increasing
ATOMIC NUMBER!!• The horizontal rows are called periods and are
labeled from 1 to 7.• The vertical columns are called groups are
labeled from 1 to 18.
![Page 7: The Periodic Table. Pre-Periodic Table Chemistry … …was a mess!!! No organization of elements. Imagine going to a grocery store with no organization!!](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/5697bf931a28abf838c8fd72/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: The Periodic Table. Pre-Periodic Table Chemistry … …was a mess!!! No organization of elements. Imagine going to a grocery store with no organization!!](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/5697bf931a28abf838c8fd72/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
• Horizontal rows in the periodic table are called periods (LEFT TO RIGHT)
• Vertical columns are called groups
(UP AND DOWN)• The elements are arranged based on their
valence electrons outside the nucleus
Periods and Groups
![Page 9: The Periodic Table. Pre-Periodic Table Chemistry … …was a mess!!! No organization of elements. Imagine going to a grocery store with no organization!!](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/5697bf931a28abf838c8fd72/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
The truth about groups…
Elements in the same group have similar chemical and physical properties!!
![Page 10: The Periodic Table. Pre-Periodic Table Chemistry … …was a mess!!! No organization of elements. Imagine going to a grocery store with no organization!!](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/5697bf931a28abf838c8fd72/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Families on the Periodic Table
• Columns are called groups or families.
• Families have characteristics in common .
• Check out Group 11 (Gold, Silver and Copper)
![Page 11: The Periodic Table. Pre-Periodic Table Chemistry … …was a mess!!! No organization of elements. Imagine going to a grocery store with no organization!!](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/5697bf931a28abf838c8fd72/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: The Periodic Table. Pre-Periodic Table Chemistry … …was a mess!!! No organization of elements. Imagine going to a grocery store with no organization!!](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/5697bf931a28abf838c8fd72/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Hydrogen
• Hydrogen belongs to a family of its own.
• Hydrogen is a diatomic, reactive gas.
• Hydrogen is promising as an alternative fuel source for automobiles
![Page 13: The Periodic Table. Pre-Periodic Table Chemistry … …was a mess!!! No organization of elements. Imagine going to a grocery store with no organization!!](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/5697bf931a28abf838c8fd72/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Alkali Metals
• 1st column on the periodic table (Group 1) not including hydrogen.
• Very reactive metals, always combined with something else in nature
• Members: Li, Na, K
![Page 14: The Periodic Table. Pre-Periodic Table Chemistry … …was a mess!!! No organization of elements. Imagine going to a grocery store with no organization!!](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/5697bf931a28abf838c8fd72/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Alkaline Earth Metals
• Second column on the periodic table. (Group 2)
• Reactive metals that are always combined with nonmetals in nature.
• Members: Mg and Ca
![Page 15: The Periodic Table. Pre-Periodic Table Chemistry … …was a mess!!! No organization of elements. Imagine going to a grocery store with no organization!!](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/5697bf931a28abf838c8fd72/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Transition Metals
• Elements in groups 3-12• Less reactive harder
metals• Includes metals used in
jewelry and construction.• Members: Au, Ag, Fe
![Page 16: The Periodic Table. Pre-Periodic Table Chemistry … …was a mess!!! No organization of elements. Imagine going to a grocery store with no organization!!](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/5697bf931a28abf838c8fd72/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Boron Family
• Elements in group 13
• Aluminum metal was once rare and expensive, not a “disposable metal.”
• Members: B, Al
![Page 17: The Periodic Table. Pre-Periodic Table Chemistry … …was a mess!!! No organization of elements. Imagine going to a grocery store with no organization!!](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/5697bf931a28abf838c8fd72/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Carbon Family• Elements in group 14
• Contains elements important to life and computers (semiconductor).
• Members: C, Si
![Page 18: The Periodic Table. Pre-Periodic Table Chemistry … …was a mess!!! No organization of elements. Imagine going to a grocery store with no organization!!](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/5697bf931a28abf838c8fd72/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Nitrogen Family• Elements in group 15
• Nitrogen makes up over ¾ of the atmosphere.
• Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are both important in living things.
![Page 19: The Periodic Table. Pre-Periodic Table Chemistry … …was a mess!!! No organization of elements. Imagine going to a grocery store with no organization!!](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/5697bf931a28abf838c8fd72/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Oxygen Family
• Elements in group 16• Oxygen is necessary for
respiration.• Members: S, O• Many things that stink,
contain sulfur (rotten eggs, garlic, skunks,etc.)
![Page 20: The Periodic Table. Pre-Periodic Table Chemistry … …was a mess!!! No organization of elements. Imagine going to a grocery store with no organization!!](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/5697bf931a28abf838c8fd72/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Halogens
• Elements in group 17• Very reactive,
dangerous, nonmetals
• Used as disinfectants and to strengthen teeth.
• Members: F, Cl, I
![Page 21: The Periodic Table. Pre-Periodic Table Chemistry … …was a mess!!! No organization of elements. Imagine going to a grocery store with no organization!!](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/5697bf931a28abf838c8fd72/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
The Noble Gases
![Page 22: The Periodic Table. Pre-Periodic Table Chemistry … …was a mess!!! No organization of elements. Imagine going to a grocery store with no organization!!](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/5697bf931a28abf838c8fd72/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
The Noble Gases
• Elements in group 18• VERY unreactive, gases• Used in lighted “neon”
signs• Have a full valence shell.• Members: He, Ne and Ar