the periodic table (your new best friend!!) the periodic table the periodic table is a list of all...

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The Periodic Table (Your new best friend!!)

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Page 1: The Periodic Table (Your new best friend!!) The Periodic Table The Periodic Table is a list of all the known elements. It is organized by increasing

The Periodic Table(Your new best friend!!)

Page 2: The Periodic Table (Your new best friend!!) The Periodic Table The Periodic Table is a list of all the known elements. It is organized by increasing

The Periodic TableThe Periodic Table is a list of all the known

elements. It is organized by increasing atomic number. As you move from the left to the right, the

elements become less metallic with the far right side of the table consisting of nonmetals.

Page 3: The Periodic Table (Your new best friend!!) The Periodic Table The Periodic Table is a list of all the known elements. It is organized by increasing

The Periodic TableElements in the middle of the table are called

“transition” elements because they are changed from metallic properties to nonmetallic properties.

Elements who touch the “zigzag” line are called metalloids because they have both metallic and nonmetallic properties.

Page 4: The Periodic Table (Your new best friend!!) The Periodic Table The Periodic Table is a list of all the known elements. It is organized by increasing
Page 5: The Periodic Table (Your new best friend!!) The Periodic Table The Periodic Table is a list of all the known elements. It is organized by increasing

Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity

Metals are malleable (can be hammered into thin sheets)

Metals are ductile (can be pulled into wires)

Metals have luster (shiny)

Page 6: The Periodic Table (Your new best friend!!) The Periodic Table The Periodic Table is a list of all the known elements. It is organized by increasing

Potassium, K reacts with water and must be stored in kerosene or oil

Zinc, Zn, is more stable than potassium

Copper, Cu, is a relatively soft metal, and a very good electrical conductor.

Mercury, Hg, is the only metal that exists as a liquid at room temperature

Page 7: The Periodic Table (Your new best friend!!) The Periodic Table The Periodic Table is a list of all the known elements. It is organized by increasing

Carbon, the graphite in “pencil lead” is a great example of a nonmetallic element.

Nonmetals are poor conductors of heat and electricity Nonmetals tend to be brittle Nonmetals do not have luster Many nonmetals are gases at room temperature

Page 8: The Periodic Table (Your new best friend!!) The Periodic Table The Periodic Table is a list of all the known elements. It is organized by increasing

Sulfur, S, was once known as “brimstone”

Microspheres of phosphorus, P, a reactive nonmetal

Graphite is not the only pure form of carbon, C. Diamond is also carbon; the color comes from impurities caught within the crystal structure

Page 9: The Periodic Table (Your new best friend!!) The Periodic Table The Periodic Table is a list of all the known elements. It is organized by increasing

Metalloids straddle the border between metals and nonmetals on the periodic table.

They have properties of both metals and nonmetals.Metalloids are more brittle than metals, less brittle than most nonmetallic solids Metalloids are semiconductors of electricity Some metalloids possess metallic luster

Page 10: The Periodic Table (Your new best friend!!) The Periodic Table The Periodic Table is a list of all the known elements. It is organized by increasing

Silicon has metallic luster Silicon is brittle like a nonmetal Silicon is a semiconductor of electricity

Other metalloids include:

Boron, B Germanium, Ge Arsenic, As Antimony, Sb Tellurium, Te

Page 11: The Periodic Table (Your new best friend!!) The Periodic Table The Periodic Table is a list of all the known elements. It is organized by increasing

The Periodic TableThe Periodic Table

Period

Group or family

Period

Group or Family

Page 12: The Periodic Table (Your new best friend!!) The Periodic Table The Periodic Table is a list of all the known elements. It is organized by increasing

Families on the Periodic TableThe table is arranged in vertical columns

called “groups” or “families”The horizontal rows are called “periods.” Elements in each vertical column or group

have similar properties

Page 13: The Periodic Table (Your new best friend!!) The Periodic Table The Periodic Table is a list of all the known elements. It is organized by increasing

Families on the Periodic TableElements on the periodic table can be

grouped into families bases on their chemical properties.

Each family has a specific name to differentiate it from the other families in the periodic table.

Elements in each family react differently with other elements.

Page 14: The Periodic Table (Your new best friend!!) The Periodic Table The Periodic Table is a list of all the known elements. It is organized by increasing

ALKALI METALSGroup 1Hydrogen is not a member,

it is a non-metal1 electron in the outer shellSoft and silvery metalsVery reactive, esp. with

waterConduct electricity

Image: http://www.learner.org/interactives/periodic/groups2.html

Page 15: The Periodic Table (Your new best friend!!) The Periodic Table The Periodic Table is a list of all the known elements. It is organized by increasing

ALKALINE EARTH METALSGroup 22 electrons in the

outer shellWhite and

malleableReactive, but less

than Alkali metalsConduct

electricity

Page 16: The Periodic Table (Your new best friend!!) The Periodic Table The Periodic Table is a list of all the known elements. It is organized by increasing

TRANSITION METALSGroups in the

middle

Good conductors of heat and electricity.

Some are used for jewelry.

The transition metals are able to put up to 32 electrons in their second to last shell.

Can bond with many elements in a variety of shapes.

Page 17: The Periodic Table (Your new best friend!!) The Periodic Table The Periodic Table is a list of all the known elements. It is organized by increasing

BORON FAMILY Group 33 electrons in

the outer shellMost are metalsBoron is a

metalloid

Page 18: The Periodic Table (Your new best friend!!) The Periodic Table The Periodic Table is a list of all the known elements. It is organized by increasing

CARBON FAMILY Group 44 electrons in

the outer shellContains

metals, metalloids, and a non-metal Carbon (C)

Page 19: The Periodic Table (Your new best friend!!) The Periodic Table The Periodic Table is a list of all the known elements. It is organized by increasing

NITROGEN FAMILY Group 55 electrons in

the outer shellCan share

electrons to form compounds

Contains metals, metalloids, and non-metals

Page 20: The Periodic Table (Your new best friend!!) The Periodic Table The Periodic Table is a list of all the known elements. It is organized by increasing

OXYGEN FAMILY Group 66 electrons in

the outer shellContains

metals, metalloids, and non-metals

Reactive

Page 21: The Periodic Table (Your new best friend!!) The Periodic Table The Periodic Table is a list of all the known elements. It is organized by increasing

HalogensGroup 77 electrons in

the outer shellAll are non-

metalsVery reactive

are often bonded with elements from Group 1

Page 22: The Periodic Table (Your new best friend!!) The Periodic Table The Periodic Table is a list of all the known elements. It is organized by increasing

Noble GasesGroup 8Exist as gasesNon-metals8 electrons in the

outer shell = FullHelium (He) has

only 2 electrons in the outer shell = Full

Not reactive with other elements

Page 23: The Periodic Table (Your new best friend!!) The Periodic Table The Periodic Table is a list of all the known elements. It is organized by increasing

Rare Earth MetalsSome are

RadioactiveThe rare earths

are silver, silvery-white, or gray metals.

Top row are lanthanides

Bottom row are actinides

Page 24: The Periodic Table (Your new best friend!!) The Periodic Table The Periodic Table is a list of all the known elements. It is organized by increasing

The Periodic TableThe Periodic Table

Period

Group or family

Period

Group or Family

Page 25: The Periodic Table (Your new best friend!!) The Periodic Table The Periodic Table is a list of all the known elements. It is organized by increasing

Describe how to read the periodic table:Every table has:

Page 26: The Periodic Table (Your new best friend!!) The Periodic Table The Periodic Table is a list of all the known elements. It is organized by increasing

Describe how to read the periodic table:Atomic Symbol:One or two letters chosen to represent an

element.These symbols are used every where in the

worldUsually, abbreviation of the element or the

abbreviated Latin name of the element.

Page 27: The Periodic Table (Your new best friend!!) The Periodic Table The Periodic Table is a list of all the known elements. It is organized by increasing

Describe how to read the periodic table:Atomic Number

The number of protons in an atom identifies the element. 

Page 28: The Periodic Table (Your new best friend!!) The Periodic Table The Periodic Table is a list of all the known elements. It is organized by increasing

Describe how to read the periodic table:Atomic Mass:The average mass of an elementMeasured in atomic mass units ("amu”)Is an average of all the isotopes of an

element.

Mass Number:protons + neutrons = Mass NumberIs always a whole number.

Page 29: The Periodic Table (Your new best friend!!) The Periodic Table The Periodic Table is a list of all the known elements. It is organized by increasing
Page 30: The Periodic Table (Your new best friend!!) The Periodic Table The Periodic Table is a list of all the known elements. It is organized by increasing

What are the 3 major parts of an atom?

Proton Neutron Electron

Page 31: The Periodic Table (Your new best friend!!) The Periodic Table The Periodic Table is a list of all the known elements. It is organized by increasing

ProtonsPositively charged particles found in the

atomic nucleus. Have a mass of 1 AMUAre made from other particles called quarks.

Page 32: The Periodic Table (Your new best friend!!) The Periodic Table The Periodic Table is a list of all the known elements. It is organized by increasing

NeutronsUncharged particles found in the atomic

nucleusHave a mass of 1 AMUMade from other particles called quarks.

Page 33: The Periodic Table (Your new best friend!!) The Periodic Table The Periodic Table is a list of all the known elements. It is organized by increasing

ElectronNegatively charged particles that surround

the atom's nucleus. Have no mass??Determine properties of the atom. Chemical reactions involve sharing or

exchanging electrons.

Page 34: The Periodic Table (Your new best friend!!) The Periodic Table The Periodic Table is a list of all the known elements. It is organized by increasing

Draw a Diagram of an Atom

Page 35: The Periodic Table (Your new best friend!!) The Periodic Table The Periodic Table is a list of all the known elements. It is organized by increasing

A diagram showing the location of each part of the atom.

Page 36: The Periodic Table (Your new best friend!!) The Periodic Table The Periodic Table is a list of all the known elements. It is organized by increasing

The QuarkOne of the basic building blocks of matter

Discovered in experiments done in the late 1960’s

There are Three families of quarks

Each family contains two quarks.

Page 37: The Periodic Table (Your new best friend!!) The Periodic Table The Periodic Table is a list of all the known elements. It is organized by increasing

The QuarkThree Families:1.Consists of Up and Down quarks,

these quarks join together to form protons and neutrons.

2.Consists of Strange and Charm quarks Exist only at high energies.

3.Consists of Top and Bottom quarks Exist only at high energies.

Page 38: The Periodic Table (Your new best friend!!) The Periodic Table The Periodic Table is a list of all the known elements. It is organized by increasing

The NucleusThe central part of an atom

Composed of protons and neutrons

Contains most of an atom's mass

Discovered by Ernest Rutherford in 1911.

Page 39: The Periodic Table (Your new best friend!!) The Periodic Table The Periodic Table is a list of all the known elements. It is organized by increasing

Atomic Symbols

Some show the mass number and atomic

number in nuclear symbol formmass number 23 Na

atomic number 11

Page 40: The Periodic Table (Your new best friend!!) The Periodic Table The Periodic Table is a list of all the known elements. It is organized by increasing

Isotopes

Atoms that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons

Page 41: The Periodic Table (Your new best friend!!) The Periodic Table The Periodic Table is a list of all the known elements. It is organized by increasing

Describe IsotopeExample:

http://education.jlab.org/glossary/isotope.html

Page 42: The Periodic Table (Your new best friend!!) The Periodic Table The Periodic Table is a list of all the known elements. It is organized by increasing

Naturally occurring carbon consists of three isotopes, 12C, 13C, and 14C. State the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in each of these carbon atoms.

12C 13C 14C 6 6 6

#p+ _______ _______ _______

#no _______ _______ _______

#e- _______ _______ _______

Page 43: The Periodic Table (Your new best friend!!) The Periodic Table The Periodic Table is a list of all the known elements. It is organized by increasing

Answers

12C 13C 14C 6 6

6

#p+ 6 6 6

#no 6 7 8

#e- 6 6 6

Page 44: The Periodic Table (Your new best friend!!) The Periodic Table The Periodic Table is a list of all the known elements. It is organized by increasing

Some quick questionsAn atom has 14 protons and 20 neutrons.

A. Its atomic number is1) 14 2) 16 3) 34

B. Its mass number is1) 14 2) 16 3) 34

C. The element is1) Si 2) Ca 3) Se

D. Another isotope of this element is1) 34X 2) 34X 3) 36X

16 14 14

Page 45: The Periodic Table (Your new best friend!!) The Periodic Table The Periodic Table is a list of all the known elements. It is organized by increasing

7 DIATOMIC7 DIATOMIC MOLECULES MOLECULES7 DIATOMIC7 DIATOMIC MOLECULES MOLECULES

• Elements that only exist as PAIRS.

• Note: when they combine to make compounds, they are no longer elements so they are no longer in pairs!

• Hydrogen, Nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine

Page 46: The Periodic Table (Your new best friend!!) The Periodic Table The Periodic Table is a list of all the known elements. It is organized by increasing

IONS IONS IONSIONS are atoms or groups of atoms with a positive or negative are atoms or groups of atoms with a positive or negative

charge. charge.

Taking awayTaking away an electron from an atom gives a an electron from an atom gives a CATIONCATION with a with a

positive chargepositive charge

AddingAdding an electron to an atom gives an an electron to an atom gives an ANIONANION with a with a

negative chargenegative charge..To tell the difference between an atom and an ion, look to see if To tell the difference between an atom and an ion, look to see if

there is a charge in the superscript! Examples: Nathere is a charge in the superscript! Examples: Na++ Ca Ca+2+2 I I-- O O--

22

Na Ca I ONa Ca I O

Page 47: The Periodic Table (Your new best friend!!) The Periodic Table The Periodic Table is a list of all the known elements. It is organized by increasing

Forming Cations & AnionsForming Cations & AnionsForming Cations & AnionsForming Cations & AnionsA A CATIONCATION forms forms when an when an atom atom losesloses one or more one or more electrons.electrons.

An An ANIONANION forms forms when an when an atom atom gainsgains one or more one or more electronselectrons

Mg --> Mg2+ + 2 e- F + e- --> F-

Page 48: The Periodic Table (Your new best friend!!) The Periodic Table The Periodic Table is a list of all the known elements. It is organized by increasing

PREDICTING ION CHARGESPREDICTING ION CHARGESPREDICTING ION CHARGESPREDICTING ION CHARGES

In generalIn general

metalsmetals (Mg) (Mg) lose electrons lose electrons ---> ---> cationscations

nonmetalsnonmetals (F) (F) gain electronsgain electrons ---> ---> anionsanions

Page 49: The Periodic Table (Your new best friend!!) The Periodic Table The Periodic Table is a list of all the known elements. It is organized by increasing

Learning Check – Counting

State the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in each of these ions.

39 K+ 16O -2 41Ca +2

19 8 20

#p+ ______ ______ _______

#no ______ ______ _______

#e- ______ ______ _______

Page 50: The Periodic Table (Your new best friend!!) The Periodic Table The Periodic Table is a list of all the known elements. It is organized by increasing

A diagram showing the location of each part of the atom.