The Planting of English America, 1500 - 1733

THEME:

After a late start, a proud, nationalistic England joined the colonial race. Although varying somewhat in origins and character, all these colonies exhibited plantation agriculture, indentured and slave labor, a tendency toward strong economic and social hierarchies, and a pattern of widely scattered, institutionally weak settlement.

1. What was the first English colony in the Americas?

2. Who was the governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony?

3. Who married Pocahontas?

4. What is John Rolfe responsible for inventing?

5. What tribe was central to the history of the Virginia Colony?

First English Settlements

(Roanoke)

Jamestown

Plymouth

What factors drove English exploration and colonization?

ECONOMIC

POLITICAL SOCIAL

HISTORY

Armada Portrait of Elizabeth I(By kind permission of the Marquess of Tavistock and Trustees of the Bedford Estate)

Armada Portrait of Elizabeth I

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Armada Portrait of Elizabeth I(By kind permission of the Marquess of Tavistock and Trustees of the Bedford Estate)

Armada Portrait of Elizabeth I

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Europeans in North America

English Jamestown1607

French Quebec1608

Spanish Santa Fe1610

Settling the Northern Colonies1619-1700

THEME:

The Protestant Reformation, in its English Calvinist (Reformed) version, provided the impetus for the settlement of New England. The New England colonies developed a fairly homogeneous social order based on religion and semi-communal family and town settlements.

Puritans create New England

• Puritans want to purify Church of England of Catholicism

• Puritan Separatists exiled by King James I; they go to Holland

• 1620, Pilgrims (Puritan Separatists) leave Holland & found Plymouth Bay Colony

• In northern colonies, religion, not profit, drives colonization

• Mayflower Compact- early example moderate self govt.• Myles Standish is their leader. • Merged with Mass. Bay Colony in 1691

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Massachusetts Bay Colony

• 1630, as a “city on a hill” for Puritans

• Led by John Winthrop, Governor of colony

• Established an independent government for the colony

• 2/3 of males (churched only) enfranchised

• Very large and well-stocked expedition

• Very successful, encouraged the “Great Migration”

• 20,000 migrated between 1630 and 1640

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Reasons for the Plantation in New Englandca. 1628

Redacted and introduced by Marcia Elaine Stewart. # 1. It will be a service to the Church of great consequence to carry the Gospel into those parts of the world, to help on the fullness of the coming of the Gentiles, and to raise a bulwark against the kingdom of AnteChrist, which the Jesuits labor to rear up in those parts.

# 2. All other Churches of Europe are brought to desolation, and our sins, for which the Lord begins already to frown upon us and to cut us short, do threaten evil times to be coming upon us, and who knows, but that God hath provided this place to be a refuge for many whom he means to save out of the general calamity, and seeing the Church hath no place left to fly into but the wilderness, what better work can there be, than to go and provide tabernacles and food for her when she be restored.

#6. The fountains of learning and religion are so corrupted that most children (besides the unsupportable charge of their education) are perverted, corrupted, and utterly overthrown by the multitude of evil examples and the licentious government of those seminaries, where men strain at gnats and swallow camels, and use all severity for maintenance of caps and like accomplishments, but suffer all ruffianlike fashions and disorder in manners to pass uncontrolled. http://www.winthropsociety.org/doc_reasons.php

Partial list of the Passengers of the Elizabeth & Ann mid-May, 1635

PRENAME SURNAME STATUS AGE DATE of record NOTE ROLL #Thomas Hedsall . 47 10 Apr 1635 . 1Margerie Washborn . 49 13 Apr 1635 . 2Jo: Washborn son of Margerie 14 13 Apr 1635 . 3Philip Washborn son of Margerie 11 13 Apr 1635 . 4Robert Hawkynns husbandman 25 13 Apr 1635 . 5Jo: Whitney . 35 13 Apr 1635 . 6Jo: Palmerley . 20 13 Apr 1635 . 7Richard Martin . 12 13 Apr 1635 . 8Jo: Whitney . 11 13 Apr 1635 . 9Richard Whitney . 9 13 Apr 1635 . 10Nathaniel Whitney . 8 13 Apr 1635 . 11Thomas Whitney . 6 13 Apr 1635 . 12Jonathan Whitney . 1 13 Apr 1635 . 13Nicholas Sension . 13 13 Apr 1635 . 14Henry Jackson . 29 13 Apr 1635 . 15William Hubbard . 35 13 Apr 1635 . 16Thomas Hubbard . 10 13 Apr 1635 . 17Thomas Eaton . 1 13 Apr 1635 . 18Mary Hawkynns 24 13 Apr 1635 . 19Ellen Whitney . 30 13 Apr 1635 . 20

http://www.winthropsociety.org/ships.php#passname

“City upon a hill”

• Protestant work ethic God rewards his elect• System of winners and losers, see Winthrop p. 54• All “freemen” could vote – very democratic at the time• Church and state were closely linked• Taxes supported the church• Laws punished both criminal and undesirable act

such as idleness and drunkenness “Blue Laws”• Little concept of privacy – Church and State could

punish parents for poor parenting, marital problems, etc.

The Planting of English America1500-1733

THEME:

The early English colonies’ encounters with Indians and Africans slaves established the patterns of race relations that would shape the North American experience – in particular, warfare and reservations for the Indians and lifelong slave codes for African-Americans.

Conflict with Native Americans

• Original co-existence w/ Native Americans Tension• Expansion of colony leads to conflict with Pequot Nation

SEE PAGE 56• 1637 Punitive conflict begins, Pequots are exterminated.• Metacom, aka King Philip, resists expansion• King Philip’s War, 1675• Wampanoag tribe is destroyed, Metacom killed• Was the last Native American resistance in Puritan

colonies• Conflict is denounced by Roger Williams

Pequot War -1637“At the time of the Pequot War, Pequot strength was concentrated along the Pequot (now Thames) and Mystic Rivers in what is now southeastern Connecticut. Mystic, or Missituk, was the site of the major battle of the War. Under the leadership of Captain John Mason from Connecticut and Captain John Underhill from Massachusetts Bay Colony, English Puritan troops, with the help of Mohegan and Narragansett allies, burned the village and killed the estimated 400-700 Pequots inside.

The battle turned the tide against the Pequots and broke the tribe's resistance. Many Pequots in other villages escaped and hid among other tribes, but most of them were eventually killed or captured and given as slaves to tribes friendly to the English. The English, supported by Uncas' Mohegans, pursued the remaining Pequot resistors until all were either killed or captured and enslaved. After the War, the colonists enslaved survivors and outlawed the name "Pequot.“”

– source:http://www.colonialwarsct.org/1637.htm

Colonists attack on Mystic, a Pequot village and fort25 May 1637

English and their allies approach Sassacus's Pequot Harbor fort. They decide to attack fort at Mystic instead. English and allies arrive at Mystic at night and make camp.

26 May 1637 Attack on Mystic:

English fire a volley at dawn, then storm the fort. Mason enters at northeast, and Underhill enters at southwest. Pequots fight fiercely. Mason abandons plan to seek booty and sets fire to 80 huts housing approximately 800 people (men, women, and children). 600-700 Pequots die in an hour. 7 are taken captive, and 7 escape. Two Englishmen are killed, with 20-40 wounded. English march toward their ships, burning Pequot dwellings along the way.

SOURCE:http://www.colonialwarsct.org/1637.htm Drawing of Mystic , a Pequot fort

http://go.hrw.com/hrw.nd/gohrw_rls1/pKeywordResults?ST9%20King%20Philip

1675

Causes and Effects of King Philip’s War (use p. 57)

CAUSES EFFECTS

Dissent in the Puritan Community• Anne Hutchinson, exiled in 1638.

In 1643 she and her family were killed in a war fought between the Dutch colonists and N. AmericansShe is seen as the beginning of the American tradition of Freedom of Conscience.

• Roger Williams, fled MBC in 1636. Befriended by Native Am and settled in Narragansett Bay.Founded Rhode Island – community based on religious tolerance.

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Anglo-Powhatan Wars in VA

• De Warr uses “Irish tactics”

• 1614 Peace- Pocahontus & John Rolfe marry

• 1622, 347 settlers killed, incl. John Rolfe

• 1644, Powhatan defeated

• 1685, Powhatan extinct

• Disease, Disorganization, Disposability

Map: Chesapeake Expansion, 1607-1700

Chesapeake Expansion, 1607-1700The Chesapeake colonies expanded slowly before mid-century. By 1700 Anglo-Indian wars, a rising English population, and an influx of enslaved Africans permitted settlers to spread throughout the tidewater.

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Joint-StockCompany

Royal Charter

Beaver as Worker and Prey, from Chatelain's Carte Tres Curieuse de la Mer du Sud, Atlas Historique, vol. VI

Beaver as Worker and Prey, from Chatelain's Carte Tres Curieuse de la Mer du Sud, Atlas Historique, vol. VIThis French engraving illustrates beavers' environmental impact and Indian methods of hunting them for commercial purposes. (National Archives of Canada)

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Drills

Identify characteristics of Spanish Colonies

Identify characteristics of English Colonies

Identify characteristics of French Colonies

COMPARE/CONTRAST

SPAIN FRENCH(Dutch) ENGLAND

•Govt. supports colony

•Gold & God

•Plantations

•Conquer

(Conquistadors/

Mestizos)

•Nominal Govt. support

•Trade

•Outposts/Forts

•Native Alliances

•Collaborative

•Private Corporations

•Settlements

•Colonies

•Punitive Conflict

•No mixing/

separation.destruction