The Politics of the Eisenhower Era

APUSH

Essential Question: In what way was Dwight Eisenhower's

foreign policy different than that of Harry Truman?

Election of 1952

Republicans? • Dwight EisenhowerDwight Eisenhower

Running Mate?Running Mate?

Democrats?

• Adlai Stevenson Adlai Stevenson

Who did most of the Who did most of the campaigning for campaigning for Eisenhower?Eisenhower?

Significance of the Significance of the “Checkers Speech”?“Checkers Speech”?p. 887p. 887

Election of 1952

Joseph McCarthy p. 898

• Republican Senator Republican Senator from Wisconsin from Wisconsin

• Needed a “winning” Needed a “winning” issue to be reelected in issue to be reelected in 1952 1952 SpiritSpirit p. 441 p. 441

• Claimed 205 Claimed 205 communists worked for communists worked for gov’t, never produced gov’t, never produced one nameone name

• In 1954 McCarthy accused In 1954 McCarthy accused the U.S. Army of the U.S. Army of sympathizing with sympathizing with communistscommunists

• What is What is McCarthyismMcCarthyism? ?

What tactics did McCarthy What tactics did McCarthy use to increase his power? use to increase his power?

Eventually censured for Eventually censured for “improper" behavior “improper" behavior & removed from the Senate& removed from the Senate

Sputnik ISputnik I• Launched by the Launched by the

Soviets in 1957Soviets in 1957• First man-made First man-made

object to orbit the object to orbit the EarthEarth

• Traveled around the Traveled around the globe once every 96 globe once every 96 minutes minutes

• What was the What was the American reaction American reaction to to SputnikSputnik??

Eisenhower’s

Foreign Policy

Eisenhower’s

Foreign Policy

Truman vs. Eisenhower

Truman vs. Eisenhower

1. Marshall Plan

2. Truman Doctrine

3. Berlin Airlift

4. NATO

5. NSC #68 p. 878

6. Korean War

1. Marshall Plan

2. Truman Doctrine

3. Berlin Airlift

4. NATO

5. NSC #68 p. 878

6. Korean War

1. Mutual security agreements.

2. Massive retaliation.

3. M. A. D. Mutual Assured Destruction

4. “Domino Theory”

5. CIA & covert operations

6. Eisenhower Doctrine

7. “Open Skies” Spirit p. 440

1. Mutual security agreements.

2. Massive retaliation.

3. M. A. D. Mutual Assured Destruction

4. “Domino Theory”

5. CIA & covert operations

6. Eisenhower Doctrine

7. “Open Skies” Spirit p. 440

“Containment”[George Kennan]

“Brinksmanship”[John Foster

Dulles]

Foreign Policy “Hot Spots”

Foreign Policy “Hot Spots”

1. 1955 Warsaw Pact created. p. 898

2. 1956 Hungarian Revolution. p. 898

3. 1958 Berlin Crisis.

4. 1959 Nixon-Khrushchev “Kitchen Debate.”

5. 1960 U-2 Spy Incident p. 902

1. 1955 Warsaw Pact created. p. 898

2. 1956 Hungarian Revolution. p. 898

3. 1958 Berlin Crisis.

4. 1959 Nixon-Khrushchev “Kitchen Debate.”

5. 1960 U-2 Spy Incident p. 902

EUROPE:

Nikita Khrushchev takes control of the U.S.S.R in 1953

1959 1959 Nixon-Khrushchev Nixon-Khrushchev

“Kitchen Debate”“Kitchen Debate”

Cold War Cold War ----->-----> TensionsTensions

<----- Technology <----- Technology

& Affluence & Affluence

Warsaw PactWarsaw Pact• Formed by the Soviet Union and their E. Formed by the Soviet Union and their E.

European satellites when W. Germany European satellites when W. Germany rearms and joins NATO. rearms and joins NATO.

• Warsaw Pact is an alliance just like NATOWarsaw Pact is an alliance just like NATO

The U-2 Incident• After rejection of After rejection of

open skies, the CIA open skies, the CIA begins to make begins to make secret high altitude secret high altitude flights over U.S.S.R. flights over U.S.S.R. to spot ICBMto spot ICBM

• Soviets shoot down Soviets shoot down planeplane

• U.S. denies U.S. denies involvement, later involvement, later admits truthadmits truth

Foreign Policy “Hot Spots”

Foreign Policy “Hot Spots”

1. 1953 CIA sponsored coup in Iran p. 898

P. M. Mohammed Mossadegh nationalization of the Anglo-Iranian Oil Co...

Goal: keep the P.M. from getting help($) from Soviets. CIA installs the Shah as new leader of Iran.

2. 1956 Suez Crisis. P. 899

3. 1958 Civil War in Lebanon

4. 1960 OPEC formed

1. 1953 CIA sponsored coup in Iran p. 898

P. M. Mohammed Mossadegh nationalization of the Anglo-Iranian Oil Co...

Goal: keep the P.M. from getting help($) from Soviets. CIA installs the Shah as new leader of Iran.

2. 1956 Suez Crisis. P. 899

3. 1958 Civil War in Lebanon

4. 1960 OPEC formed

Middle East:

Eisenhower DoctrineEisenhower Doctrine• What event leads to the Eisenhower Doctrine?What event leads to the Eisenhower Doctrine?

Soviet support of Egypt during the Suez CrisisSoviet support of Egypt during the Suez Crisis• To balance out rising Soviet influence the U.S. To balance out rising Soviet influence the U.S.

issues the Eisenhower Doctrine in 1957.issues the Eisenhower Doctrine in 1957.• Eisenhower DoctrineEisenhower Doctrine: :

The U.S. will defend the Middle East from The U.S. will defend the Middle East from attack by any Communist country. attack by any Communist country.

• President has the authority to use armed President has the authority to use armed forces at his discretion to combat communist forces at his discretion to combat communist aggression. aggression.

Foreign Policy “Hot Spots”

Foreign Policy “Hot Spots”

1. 1948 O. A. S. [Organization of American States] was created during Truman’s administration.

2. 1954 CIA covert ops. in Guatemala.

3. 1950s Puerto Rican independence movement.

4. 1959 Castro’s Communist Revolution in Cuba.

1. 1948 O. A. S. [Organization of American States] was created during Truman’s administration.

2. 1954 CIA covert ops. in Guatemala.

3. 1950s Puerto Rican independence movement.

4. 1959 Castro’s Communist Revolution in Cuba.

Latin America:

CIA appoints new dictator sympathetic to the U.S.

Foreign Policy “Hot Spots”

Foreign Policy “Hot Spots”

1. 1953 end of the Korean War.

2. 1954 French depart Indo-China. Geneva Accords

3. 1964 China explodes its first atomic bomb [during LBJ’s administration].

1. 1953 end of the Korean War.

2. 1954 French depart Indo-China. Geneva Accords

3. 1964 China explodes its first atomic bomb [during LBJ’s administration].

Far East:

Election of 1960Election of 1960Republicans?

• Richard Nixon Richard Nixon

Democrats?• John F. KennedyJohn F. Kennedy Main differences Main differences

between JFK & Nixon?between JFK & Nixon?

Significance of Significance of television on the campaign?television on the campaign?

Election of 1960

The closest presidential election until? 2000