The PresentThe Present　　Status of Status of JNFL FacilitiesJNFL Facilities　　in in RokkashoRokkasho---- Reprocessing, Uranium Enrichment, Reprocessing, Uranium Enrichment,

Low Radioactive Waste Disposal,Low Radioactive Waste Disposal,MOX Fuel Fabrication MOX Fuel Fabrication ----

Susumu MUKOHARASusumu MUKOHARAJapan Nuclear Fuel LimitedJapan Nuclear Fuel Limited

2121thth　　Oct. 2008, Oct. 2008, InternationalInternational　　Workshop for Asia Nuclear ProspectWorkshop for Asia Nuclear Prospect

BobeBobe, Japan, Japan

AomoriAomori　　PrefecturePrefecture（（ShimokitaShimokita　　PeninsulaPeninsula））

RecyclableRecyclable--FuelFuel　　StStooragerage　　CentCenterer

Japan Nuclear Fuel Limited Japan Nuclear Fuel Limited

　　NPPNPP

NPPNPP

　　ITERITER　　

　　NPPNPP

2008, G8 Hokkaido G8 Hokkaido ToyakoToyako SummitSummit　　　　

・・・・・・ the goal of achieving at least 50% reductionthe goal of achieving at least 50% reductionof of globalglobal eemissionsmissions of greenhouse gas by 2050of greenhouse gas by 2050

・・・・・・a growing number of countries havea growing number of countries haveexpressed their interests in nuclear powerexpressed their interests in nuclear powerprograms as a means to addressing climateprograms as a means to addressing climatechange and energy security concernschange and energy security concerns

・・・・・・safeguards (nuclear nonproliferation),safeguards (nuclear nonproliferation),nuclear safety and nuclear security (3S) arenuclear safety and nuclear security (3S) arefundamental principles for the peaceful usefundamental principles for the peaceful useof nuclear energyof nuclear energy

・・・・・・the role of the International Atomic Energy the role of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in this processAgency (IAEA) in this process

Expectations for Nuclear Power Generation Expectations for Nuclear Power Generation from the view point of the global environmentfrom the view point of the global environment

Comparison of Energy Availability Periods

63

147

85

41

0

50

100

150

200

Oil Natural gas Coal Uranium

（year）

Period of Energy

Availability

Reference：　BP stats 2007 / URANIUM2006 Pluthermal：

About 100 years

FBR：Thousands of years

Expectations for Nuclear Fuel Cycle and FBRfrom the view point of efficient use of uranium use

JNFL Activities (1/5)

Refining Plant

Yellow cake Conversion

Plant

Nuclear Power Plant

Mining

UF6

Enriched UF6

Reconversion PlantUO2

Fabrication Plant

Low-Level Radioactive Waste Disposal Center－Spent Fuel

Spent Fuel

Spent Fuel

Spent Fuel Stock Center

Recovered U & Pu MOX fuel

UO2

RecycleRecovered U

High-Level Radioactive Waste Disposal Site

JNFL Plants

*MOX: Mixed Oxide of U and Pu

Nuclear Fuel Cycle　　　

55 reactors in operation (About 50m kW)

1/3 of power supply in Japan (About 320b kWh)

Recycle

Uranium Enrichment Plant

Reprocessing PlantHigh-Level

Radioactive Waste Storage Center

Uranium Ore

MOX Fuel Fabrication Plant Fuel assembly

(pellet)

(a) Enrichment Plant :- U-235 is enriched from 0.7% to 3~5%

　- Operation started in 1992　- Maximum capacity：1,050tSWU/y

　(<18 % of domestic demand)- Has produced 1,517 tons of enriched

　 　　　UF6 as of end of September 2008

New Centrifuge DevelopmentAdvanced design with high performance- Small Scale Cascade Test since Apr. 　

　　　　　2007.- Start of plant scale operation: FY2010 - Replacement of existing units 　 to reach 1,500tSWU in 10 years

JNFL Activities (2/5)

Enrichment Plant

Cascade Test Unit

2006 20082007

1st Step

5th Step4th Step3rd Step

2nd 　Ｓｔｅｐ

Sep.31st March

Shearing and Dissolving Separation Purification

U - Denitration U&Pu – Co-denitration

HLW Vitrification

JNFL Activities (3/5)

(b) Reprocessing Plant :- Active Test started on 2006 and the test for the main

facilities has finished; only vitrification test remains, which will end in November

- Planned 430 tons of SFs(BWR&PWR) were sheared and dissolved, most of which have been stored as powderproducts

- Plutonium oxide is recovered as the mixtures with uranium oxide through the mixed co-denitration process

- Rated capacity: 800tons/year

Reprocessing Plant

Outline of RRPOutline of RRP

Vitrification Tests

Off gasGlass material

Liquid waste

Indirect heat unit

Electrode

Combination system

Canister

Flow down nozzle

High FrequencyHeating Coil

Bogie

Melted glass

Solidified glass

Firebrick

Casing(Stainless steel)

Flowing glass

Outline of Glass Melter

Flow down nozzle

High FrequencyHeating Coil

Flowing glass

MOX Fuel Fabrication Plant

(c) MOX Fuel Plant :- Under Safety Assessment since 2005- Construction will start soon after the approval

- Commercial operation: 2012- Maximum capacity: 130 tons HM/year

(d) High-Level Radioactive Waste Storage Center :

- Vitrified HLW returned from European reprocessor are stored for 30-50 years for cooling

　- Operation started in 1995　- Maximum capacity : 1,440 packages　　Currently 1,310 packages are stored

- A new facility for 1,440 packages is under construction (To be completed in Nov 2009)

JNFL Activities (4/5)

(e) LLW Disposal :- LLW are transported to Rokkashofrom NPPs

- Operation started in 1992- 210,000 drums (200 liter-drum) have been disposed.

No. 2 Disposal site

No. 1 Disposal site

JNFL Activities (5/5)

Sub-surface disposal- From 2002 to 2006, JNFL

conducted investigations at 100m below the ground surface of Rokkasho and confirmed that there were no problems to establish the subsurface disposal facility for LLW with concentration higher than that of current LLW

20m

Subway

Sewerage

40m

Train / Highway

Concept of “sub-surface”

( locate facility sufficiently deeper thangeneral underground usage )

50~100m

Test cavern ( W18m×H16m )

100m

Stack

建物

Vessel

Cell (small room)

FilterAir

supply system

Air supply

Exhaust

Low（Negative pressure）

Criticality countermeasures(e.g. Pu solution)

Cadmium, neutron absorber, is placed around the vessel

Circular design with a thin space for solution

・Corrosion-resistant materials are used (e.g.stainless steel) ・The pressure inside the building is kept negative to

prevent leakage to the outside

Containment measures/Leakage countermeasures

・Corrosion-resistant materials are used (e.g.stainless steel) ・The pressure inside the building is kept negative to

prevent leakage to the outside

Containment measures/Leakage countermeasures

・Important buildings are directly constructed on the bedrock・Design with sufficient safety margin against earthquake (e.g. wall thickness, piping supports )

Earthquake countermeasures

・Important buildings are directly constructed on the bedrock・Design with sufficient safety margin against earthquake (e.g. wall thickness, piping supports )

Earthquake countermeasures

・Important buildings have a safety design against plain crash (e.g. wall thickness 1.2m)

Plain crash countermeasures

・Important buildings have a safety design against plane crash (e.g. wall thickness 1.2m)

Plane crash countermeasures

High（Atmospheric

pressure）

Exhaust

Safety Designs at RRP

Safeguards at RRP (1/2)

- In order to gain the trust of the international community in the nonproliferation from RRP, JNFL is exerting every effort to keep complete transparency to IAEA.

- IAEA “full-scope” safeguards is applied.(a) Validation by IAEA

during the design and construction stages

　- IAEA examined the design documents in detail and developed the most effective safeguards system for RRP.

　- IAEA confirmed that the plant had been constructed in accordance with the design documents and there were no clandestine pipes.

Safeguards at RRP (2/2)

(b) 24 hours inspection by IAEA resident inspectors:

- Inspectors independently collect and evaluate the operational data for the nuclear material handling and samples regarding plutonium

- JNFL agrees that IAEA inspectors freely access everywhere in the RRP.

Photo：Nuclear material control center of Japan

(d) Independent analysis- IAEA uses on-site laboratory

On-site laboratory

(c) Innovative safeguards system:- Innovative safeguards system is installed along the flow of nuclear material from spent fuel storage to product storage.(camera, radiation monitor, etc.)

Security (Physical Security (Physical Protection)Protection) at RRP

(a) Around the plant

(b) Gate for people & vehicles

(c) Entrance of the building

Example

JNFL PolicyJNFL Policy

((a) To secure safety and stable operationsa) To secure safety and stable operations-- Implementation of 3 S : Safeguards (against Implementation of 3 S : Safeguards (against proliferation), Safety (of nuclear energy),proliferation), Safety (of nuclear energy),Security (against nuclear terrorism)Security (against nuclear terrorism)

　　　　-- Top priority on the fieldTop priority on the field--oriented approachoriented approach

((b) To keep transparencyb) To keep transparency　　　　-- The information on the daily plant operations and the The information on the daily plant operations and the

results of continued environmental monitoring are results of continued environmental monitoring are released on JNFL websitereleased on JNFL website

　　　　-- Not only serious incidents but also daily nonNot only serious incidents but also daily non--conformance are informed to the publicconformance are informed to the public

((c) Coexistence and coc) Coexistence and co--prosperity with local prosperity with local communitiescommunities

　　　　-- Effect on the local economy is changing with the Effect on the local economy is changing with the completion of plant constructioncompletion of plant construction

(a)(a)Partnership between RRP and AREVA La Partnership between RRP and AREVA La Hague (Sister Plants)Hague (Sister Plants)

-- Exchange of information on operations and Exchange of information on operations and knowknow--how on maintenanceshow on maintenances

International Cooperation International Cooperation and Partnershipand Partnership

((b) Participation in GNEPb) Participation in GNEP　　-- JNFL takes part in the US Nuclear Fuel JNFL takes part in the US Nuclear Fuel

Recycle Center (NFRC) program.Recycle Center (NFRC) program.

ConclusionConclusion

((a) The era of recycling has comea) The era of recycling has come-- Efficient use of uranium and peaceful Efficient use of uranium and peaceful use of use of PuPu

((b) Thorough implementation of 3 Sb) Thorough implementation of 3 S-- Safeguards (against proliferation), Safeguards (against proliferation), 　　　　 　　　　　　　　

Safety (of nuclear energy), Safety (of nuclear energy), 　　　　 Security (against nuclear terrorism)Security (against nuclear terrorism)

((C) International cooperation and C) International cooperation and partnershippartnership

-- Global and/or multinational sharing and Global and/or multinational sharing and exchange of proven technologies and exchange of proven technologies and human resourceshuman resources

-- END END --