the present-subjunctive[1]
TRANSCRIPT
El presente del Subjuntivo
The Indicative
� Up to now you have been using verbs in the indicative mood, which is used to talk about facts or actual events.
The Indicative
� Aprendo francés para mi viaje.
The Subjunctive
� Spanish has another way of using verbs called the subjunctive mood.
The Subjunctive
� We use it to say what one person does or doesn’t want, tell, suggest, or recommend someone else to do.
The Subjunctive
� We form the present subjunctive of most verbs the same way we form negative tú commands, Usted and Ustedes commands..
The Subjunctive
� We drop the -o of the present-tense indicative yo form and add the subjunctive endings.
The Subjunctive
� For -ar verbs:� e, es, e, emos, éis, en� For -er/-ir verbs:� a, as, a, amos, áis, an
Irregular Subjunctive Verbs
� As with commands, if there is a stem change all forms will change in the subjunctive except for the nosotros and vosotros forms.
Sembrar – to plant
siembro
siembres
siembre
sembremos
sembréis
siembren
Irregular Subjunctive Verbs
� As in negative commands, irregular verbs that add a “g” to the stem in the present-tense yo form also have a “g” in the present subjunctive.
Irregular Subjunctive Verbs
� caerse� decir� hacer� poner� salir
� tener� traer
Irregular Subjunctive Verbs
hacer hag-o haga
tener teng-o tenga
Tener – to have
tenga
tengas
tenga
tengamos
Tengáis
tengan
The Subjunctive
� The present subjunctive has the same spelling changes in any verb with an irregular yo form. (just like negative tú commands, Usted and Ustedes commands.
CONOCER – to know
conozca
conozcas
conozca
conozcamos
conozcáis
conozcan
Irregular Subjunctive Verbs
� Also verbs ending in –car, -gar, and –zar have a spell change in order to maintain the original sound.
Irregular Subjunctive Verbs
buscar busco busque
pagar pago pague
cruzar cruzo cruce
Irregular Subjunctive Verbs
� D – Dar (Dé, des, dé, demos deis den)
� I – IR (vaya, vayas vaya, vayamos, vayáis, vayan)
� S – Ser (Sea, seas, sea, seamos, seáis, sean)
� H – Haber (haya, hayas, haya, hayamos, hayáis, hayan)
� E – Estar (esté, estés, esté, estemos, estéis, estén)
� S – Saber (sepa, sepas, sepa, sepamos, sepáis, sepan)
When to use Subjunctive
� 1. A sentence that includes the subjunctive form has two parts connected by the word que.
� For example:
The Subjunctive
� Quiero que tú superes los obstáculos.
� I want you to overcome obstacles.
2. A verb of Volition(what may or may not happen):
� W – Wishes, Wants� E – Emotions, feelings, thoughts� I – Impersonal Expressions� R – Requests, Recommendations� D – Doubt, Denial, Disagreement� O – Ojalá (I hope to God)
The Subjunctive
� Sugiero que bebas agua antes de correr.
� I suggest that you drink water before running.
The Subjunctive
� El entrenador exige que los atletas estiren los músculos.
� The trainer demands that the athletes stretch their muscles.
The Subjunctive� Es necesario que protejas el medio
ambiente.� It’s necessary that you protect the
environment.� Es importante que los jóvenes
solucionen los problemas.� It’s important that the young people
solve problems.
3. A change of subject
� Note that the subjunctive sentences have two parts, each with a different subject, connected by the word que:
2 Clauses
Ella sugiere que yo aprenda francés
Independent clause(stands on its own)Subject > Verb
Separated by the word “que”
Dependent clause (can’t stand on its own)Begins with the word “que.”
Indicative Verb
Subjunctive Verb
The Subjunctive
� The first subject uses the present indicative verb (of volition) + que and the second subject uses the present subjunctive verb (what should happen).
The Subjunctive
� Verbs that are often follewed by que + subjunctive:
� Decir� Insistir en� Necesitar� Permitir� Preferir (e > ie)
� Prohibir� Querer (e > ie)� Recomendar (e > ie)� Sugerir (e > ie)
PRACTICE
� Es necesario que tú _________ (hacer) la tarea.
� Mi madre quiere que yo _______ (sacar) buenas notas.
� Es preciso ________(beber) mucha agua todos los días.
� Ojalá que la actividad no _______(ser) plantar árboles
hagas
saque
bebas
sea