the problem solving &decision making
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THE PROBLEM SOLVING &DECISION MAKING. WHAT IS THE PROBLEM. The dictionary suggests that a problem is (a Q raised for inquiry consideration ,a Q whose answer is doubtful or difficult to find) Or something has gone wrong and u don't know why - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
THE PROBLEM SOLVING &DECISION MAKING
WHAT IS THE PROBLEM
• The dictionary suggests that a problem is (a Q raised for inquiry consideration ,a Q whose answer is doubtful or difficult to find)
• Or something has gone wrong and u don't know why
• Or an event has occurred and there has been deviation from expectation
• Ex (plan missed deadlines or sales goals)
THE PROBLEM – SOLVING PROCESS
• 1-recognition and perception.
• 2-problem statement.• 3-problem profile
(gathering data).• 4-analyze and
interpret.• 5 confirm
conclusions.
1-recognition and perception
• Recognition involves the identification of a problem
• Ur experience and observation suggest a problem exists
• Perception make u aware that problem can arise and the viewpoint u chose to take in approaching problem
2-problem statement
• A problem statement summarizes the problem in order to come up with an inclusive definition which both sums up the problem while containing all its components
3-problem profile
• The problem profile is where you begin to break down the problem into specific components in order to create an outline of the problem area
• What?• Who?• When?• Where?• How much ?
4-analyze and interpret.
• It is important to examine the facts and how they related to each other .
• Interpretation involves clarifying the problem further and explaining reasons for the issues.
• From this analysis solution are developed
5 confirm conclusions
• After analyzing the problem it is necessary to verify your findings .
• Confirming conclusions involves justifying and validating your discoveries and data in order to come up with a concise summary of the problem .
• On the basis of the analysis and the resulting conclusion, recommendation for future action and alternative plan of action
WHAT IS A DECISION
• Decision is a determination or choice arrived at after careful consideration
• It is a conclusion or solution after a process of deliberation
• Effective decision making is critical to the success of every organization ( and social institution)
• Good decision making can be learned there is a simple and effective process these techniques are not difficult.
THE DECISION – MAKING PROCESS
• 1-Decision Statement• 2-Formulate Criteria• 3-Generate
Alternatives• 4-Compare and
Evaluate• 5-Make the Decision
1-Decision Statement• A decision statement is a clean
definition of what u want to achieve. While a decision statement should be precise and indicate ur purpose.
• Why do u need to make the decision and what will it accomplish ?
• D s contains the key words that describe the object the action and the modifiers.
• Be balanced don't make the decision statement narrow (eliminate new and creative possibilities) or broad (that is hard to do and ambiguous )
2-Formulate Criteria
• U R drafting an outline of specific requirements that r absolutely necessery regarding ur decision
• These standards or guidelines should be to the point and measurable
• Think about goals,desires and outcomes u hv in mind
• Think abot ur time restriction ,budget ,impact ,qun or qul requirements ,material and equipments
• Classify criteria into 2 gps MUSTs & WANTs
3-Generate Alternatives
• Generating alternatives involves forming a list of option available to u in addition to ur criteria
• Some alternatives will emerge naturally or ur experience will guide u to possible options
4-Compare and Evaluate
• Comparing means to contrast and equate the alternatives and criteria evaluation assessing and judging the alternatives and criteria in order to form rank or estimate the value of each.
• Make an objective comparison to see how each alternative performs againt each other
5-Make the Decision
• Making a decision involves taking all of choices into consideration choosing the best available option ,and acting on the decision.
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