the proceedings oflegacy.isope.org/publications/proceedings/isope/isope...1 the proceedings of the...

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The Proceedings of The First (1991) International OFFSHORE AND POLAR ENGINEERING CONFERENCE

VOLUME I, 1991

Global Offshore Energy Developments Offshore Heavy Lift Operations, TLP, Fixed and

Jack-up Structures Geotechnical Engineering, Reliability, Subsea Systems and Cost-effectiveness, Floating Production and Marginal Fields, Wave Energy

and Power, Special Topics, Resources and Environments

How to Use This Table of Contents

Click on a blue paper title you like to view. This CD-ROM was created upon scanning the papers in the conference proceedings..

Copyright © 1991 by International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers, Golden, Colorado, USA. All Rights Reserved. ISBN 978-0-9626104-5-5 (set) LCCN 91-071635 Indexed by Engineering Index and Others www.isope.org: [email protected] Edited by: Jin S. Chung, Colorado School of Mines, Golden Birger J. Natvig, Aker Engineering A/S, Oslo Kenji Kaneko, Saga University, Saga Augustin J. Ferrante, Petrobras, Rio de Janeiro Presented at: The First (1991) International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference held at Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, The United Kingdom, 11-16 August 1991 Organized by:

International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers (ISOPE) Sponsored by:

International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers (ISOPE)

http://www.isope.org/

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Offshore Mechanics and Polar Engineering Council (OMPEC) with cooperating societies and associations

The publisher and the editors of its publications assume no responsibility for the statements or opinions expressed in papers or presentations by the contributors to this conference or proceedings.

International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers (ISOPE) P.O. Box 189, Cupertino, California 95015−0189 USA

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The Proceedings of

The First (1991) International OFFSHORE AND POLAR ENGINEEING CONFERENCE

Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, The United Kingdom, 11-16 August 1991

Copyright © 1991 by International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers, Golden, Colorado, USA. All Rights Reserved. www.isope.org; [email protected] ISBN 978-0-9626104-5-5 (set) LCCN 91-071635

For set of 4 volumes; 2,190 pp.

Volume I Global Offshore Energy Developments Offshore Heavy Lift Operations TLP Fixed and Jack-up Structures Geotechnical Engineering Reliability Subsea Systems and Cost-effectiveness Floating Production and Marginal Fields Wave Energy and Power Special Topics Resources and Environments

Volume III Waves Ocean Measurements Hydrodynamic Forces Vortex and Oscillations Motions and Nonlinear Dynamics Higher-order Effects

Volume II Computer Technology ROV and Control Risers Mooring and Cables Pipelines International Polar Research Ice, Structures and Scour

Volume IV Structural Mechanics and Analysis Impact and Explosion Materials Welding NDT and Fitness For Purpose Fracture Fatigue and Tubular Joints


mailto:[email protected]

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The Proceedings of The First (1991) International OFFSHORE AND POLAR ENGINEEING CONFERENCE

Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, The United Kingdom, 11-16 August 1991 Copyright © 1991 by International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers, Golden, Colorado, USA. All Rights Reserved. ISBN 978-0-9626104-5-5 (set) LCCN 91-071635


CONTENTS VOLUME I GLOBAL OFFSHORE ENERGY DEVELOPMENTS DECOMMISSIONING OF OFFSHORE STRUCTURES: THE NORWEGIAN APPROACH Olav Fjellsa ……………………………………………………………………………….……………… .... 1 THE ENVIRONMENTAL AGE AND U.S. OFFSHORE OIL DEVELOPMENT Peter Johnson and William Westermeyer ………………………………………………………………… .... 7 OFFSHORE HEAVY LIFT OPERATIONS DEVELOPMENTS IN THE ANALYSIS OF OFFSHORE HEAVY LIFT OPERATIONS J.J.M. Baar ..................................................................................................................................................... .... 15 DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF OFFSHORE HEAVY LIFTS J. Hamilton and F. Ramzan …………………………………………………………..………………….. .... 23 MODELLING THE DYNAMICS OF OFFSHORE JACKET LIFTS K.C. Tong and P.E. Duncan …………………………………………………………..………………… .... 35 A STATISTICAL METHOD FOR EVALUATION OF HEAVY LIFT OPERATIONS OFFSHORE Tor Vinje, Jens P. Kaalstad, and Dave W. Daniel ....................................................................................... ..... 43 A STUDY ON THE INFLUENCE OF THE RIGGING CONFIGURATION ON

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THE INSTALLATION OF A LIFTED JACKET J.A. Hollowell, R.W. Robinson, W.D. Hartell, and R.E. Ricketts ……………………………………….. ... 52 TLP MODEL TESTING OF TENSION LEG PLATFORMS - PART I: SIMULATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL LOADING M.B. Irani, O.G. Nwogu, and G.R. Mogridge …………………………………………………………… ... 61 MODEL TESTING OF TENSION LEG PLATFORMS - PART II: EXPERIMENTAL HARDWARE AND DATA ANALYSIS M.B. Irani, G.R. Mogridge, and E.R. Funke ………………………………………………..…………….... 71 EARTHQUAKE RESPONSE OF THE TENSION LEG PLATFORM UNDER OFFSET CONDITION Toshimasa Kawanishi, Takashi Kato, Hiroaki Takamura, and Hiroshi Kobayashi ……………………… ... 80 QUANTIFICATION OF NONLINEAR ENERGY TRANSFER TO SUM AND DIFFERENCE FREQUENCY RESPONSES OF TLP'S S.B. Kim, E.J. Powers, R.W. Miksad, and F.J. Fischer ……………………………….………………… .... 87 SUM-FREQUENCY EXCITATIONS IN TLP DESIGN Birger J. Natvig and Horst Vogel ………..……………………………………………………………… .... 93 TIME DOMAIN SIMULATION OF THE DYNAMIC BEHAVIOUR OF A TENSION LEG PLATFORM D.Th. Armenis, T.A. Angelopoulos, and D.G. Papanikas ……………………………………………… ... 100 RELIABILITY ANALYSIS OF TENSION LEG PLATFORMS BY DOMAIN CROSSING APPROACH Woo-Sun Park, Chung-Bang Yun, and Byung-Kun Yu …………..………………………….………… ... 108 FIXED AND JACK-UP STRUCTURES SELECTION OF DESIGN SEA STATES FOR JACK-UP PLATFORMS WITH DYNAMIC BEHAVIOUR Daniel Karunakaran, Nils Spidsoe, and Ove T. Gudmestad ……………………..……….…………….. ... 117 RESPONSE ANALYSIS OF JACK-UP PLATFORMS O. Mo, I. Lotsberg, and R. Loseth ………………………………………………..……………………. .... 128 DESIGN METHOD OF LEG STRUCTURE OF JACK-UP RIGS T. Ohta, H. Yamauchi, and M. Toriumi …………………………………………………………..……. .... 138 MARINE GROWTH ON OFFSHORE STRUCTURES IN INDIAN OFFSHORE WATERS AND REMOVAL STRATEGY Sankalpa Mitra ………………………………………………………………………………………… .... 143

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THE WET TOW TRANSIT OF A JACKUP RIG WITH PARTIALLY SUBMERGED LEGS IN A SEAWAY K. Janardhanan and W.G. Price ………………………………………………………….……………. ..... 148 REDUCTION IN MUDMAT SIZE/WEIGHT OF OFFSHORE PLATFORM JACKET USING NEW CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUE P. Manivannan and R.M. Kotresh ………………………………………………………………...…… .... 161 FATIGUE LIFE CONFIDENCE THROUGH IN-SERVICE INSPECTION OF FIXED STEEL OFFSHORE PLATFORMS W. Visser ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ..... 168 DEVELOPMENT AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH ON JACKET OFFSHORE PLATFORMS Zhi-rui Cai, Gong-ran Zhao, and Ke-zhong Peng ……………………….……….…………………….. .... 174 ANTIFOULING COATING AND CATHODIC PROTECTION BY POROUS ANODE ADJACENT TO THE CATHODE IN MARINE ENVIRONMENT G. Salvago, G. Fumagalli, and G. Taccani …………………………………….………………………. .... 180 ANALYSIS OF INTEGRITY OF PILES OF A JACKET TILTED DURING INSTALLATION P. Chakrabarti and Atul Rikhy …………………………………………………………………………..... 188 GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING HYDRAULIC FRACTURE TESTS IN HEAVILY OVERCONSOLIDATED CLAY TO DETERMINE CONDUCTOR SETTING DEPTHS N.D. Wright and M. Tan ………………………………………………………………………………. .... 198 CAISSON FOUNDATIONS FOR JACKET STRUCTURES B. Rognlien, K. Eriksen, P. Sparrevik, and M. Baerheim ........................................................................... ... 207 BOTTOM BREAKOUT OF OBJECTS RESTING ON SOFT CLAY SEDIMENTS Braja M. Das …………………………………………………………………………………..………. ..... 215 SHEAR BEHAVIOUR OF INTERFACES IN CEMENTED CARBONATE SOIL J.P. Carter, C.F. Boey, and D.W. Airey ………………………………………………..………………. .... 221 ACOUSTIC CLASSIFICATION OF MARINE SEDIMENTS BY SPECULAR REFLECTION OF ULTRASOUND A.J. Maconochie, I.G. Bryden, and M.A. Paul …………………………………...……………………. .... 229 WAVE-INDUCED SEEPAGE ACTION ON STRUCTURES RESTING ON OR BURIED IN SEA BED H.Y. Pan and D.H. Qiu …………………………………………………………………………...……. .... 239 RELIABILITY

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JOINT ENVIRONMENTAL MODEL FOR RELIABILITY CALCULATIONS Elzbieta M. Bitner-Gregersen and Sverre Haver ........................................................................................ .... 246 NEW METHODS FOR STRUCTURAL RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT Robert E. Melchers ……………………………………………………………………………………. ..... 254 RELIABILITY OF REINFORCED CONCRETE COLUMNS AND SHAFTS M.F. Petrou and C.G. Trezos ………………………………………………………………..…………. .... 259 APPLICATION OF RELIABILITY ANALYSIS IN OFFSHORE STRUCTURES L.V.S. Sagrilo, E.C.P. de Lima, A.J. Ferrante, and S.G. Rodriguez Hormazabal …………………...….. ... 267 RELIABILITY ANALYSIS OF A DIVERLESS MANIFOLD IN A BRAZILIAN PETROLEUM FIELD Denise Faertes, Luis Fernando S. Oliveira, Pedro P. de Lima, and Silva Garcia ……………………….. ... 272 ESTIMATION OF FUZZY RELIABILITY FOR OFFSHORE STRUCTURES Chen Guoming and Fang Huacan ……………………………………………………………………… .... 277 SUBSEA SYSTEMS MOTION RESPONSE OF A CATENARY ANCHORED, FLOATING LOADING BUOY. RECLASSIFICATION OF THE STATFJORD B SPM P. Teigen and T. Torsoy …………………………………………………………………………..…… .... 284 SAFETY AND COST EFFECTIVE DESIGN OF SUBSEA INSTALLATIONS Stein Haugen and Jan Erik Vinnem ............................................................................................................ .... 292 THE ALTERNATIVES TO DIVER INTERVENTION WITH RESPECT TO SUBSEA HYDROCARBON PRODUCTION SYSTEMS D. Lilley and D. Rankin ……………………………………………………………………..…………. .... 298 FLOATING PRODUCTION AND MARGINAL FIELDS PRELIMINARY DESIGN OF SEMI-SUBMERSIBLE PLATFORM FOR FLOATING PRODUCTION SYSTEM USING OPTIMIZATION'S TECHNIQUES J.M.A. Vasconcellos and Dracos Vassalos ……………………………………….……………………. .... 304 PERFORMANCE OF TURRET-MOORED FPSO SYSTEMS IN WAVES Tom O'Donoghue and Brian T. Linfoot ……………………………………………………….……….. .... 311 GAS LIFT - A BETTER ALTERNATIVE FOR MARGINAL FIELDS OF INDIAN OFFSHORE Kishore Kahali, Ramashish Rai, and R.K. Mukerjie ………………………………………….……….. .... 317 LONG DISTANCE WELL FLUID TRANSPORTATION - A FEASIBLE ALTERNATIVE FOR DEVELOPMENT OF MARGINAL FIELDS OF INDIAN OFFSHORE

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Ramashish Rai, A.K. Sharma, and R.K. Mukerjie …………………………………………..………… ..... 326 WAVE ENERGY AND POWER MODEL STUDIES FOR A DEMONSTRATION WAVE POWER PLANT A.J.N.A. Sarmento and J.M.Q.B. Jacob ………………………………………………………..……… .... 335 ON NEW WAVE ENERGY CONVERTER USING AN UNBALANCED ROTOR: SIMULATION BY ACTUAL TYPE MACHINE AND WAVE Y. Araki, Y. Jinnouchi, J. Inoue, A. Awa, and S. Nakatsuka ……………………….………………….. .... 340 DEVELOPMENT OF PNEUMATIC WAVE POWER CONVERSION SYSTEM WITH THE WATER VALVE FOR RECTIFICATION AND ENERGY CONCENTRATION K. Watanabe, H. Nakagawa, and S. Kikuchi ……………………………………………..……………. .... 346 THE CLAM WAVE ENERGY CONVERTER F.P. Lockett, N.W. Bellamy, L.J. Duckers, B.W. Loughridge, A.M. Peatfield, M.J. West, and P.R.S.White…………………………………………………………………………………………..... ..... 352 MARINE ZONE SYSTEMS OF HIGHER PRODUCTIVITY USING NATURAL ENERGY K. Kawaguty and H. Ueki …………………………………………….……………………….………. .... 356 MARINE ENERGY IN THE STRAIT OF GIBRALTAR: SOME IDEAS FOR THEIR HARNESSING Felix Canada …………………………………………………………………………………..………. ..... 364 AERODYNAMICS OF MONOPLANE WELLS TURBINE - A REVIEW S. Raghunathan, T. Setoguchi, and K. Kaneko ………………………………………………………… .... 370 DESIGN OF WELLS TURBINE FOR OWC WAVE POWER PLANT L.M.C. Gato, A.F. de O. Falcao, N.H.C. Pereira, and R.M.R.J. Pereira ………………..………………. ... 380 SELF-RECTIFYING TURBINES FOR WAVE ENERGY CONVERSION K. Kaneko, T. Setoguchi, and S. Raghunathan …………………………………………..…………….. .... 385 SHORELINE WAVE POWER EXPERIENCE WITH THE ISLAY PROTOTYPE T.J.T. Whittaker and S. McIlwaine ………………………………………………………………..…… .... 393 SPECIAL TOPICS KRYLOV CENTER: RESEARCH PROGRAMS AND EXPERIMENTAL FACILITIES V.M. Pashin …………………………………………………………………………………………… ..... 398 PRESSURE TEST TANKS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF DEEP-SEA VEHICLES O. Paliy and V. Kostygov ………………………………………………………………………..…….. .... 405 TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION IN OFFSHORE PLATFORM IN THE CASE OF FIRE

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Marcia S. Araujo, Marcelo F. Mendes, and Fernando A. Torres ………………………………………. .... 409 STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS IN OFFSHORE PLATFORMS DUE TO FIRE ACCIDENT Sergio G.H. Rodriguez, Fernando A. Torres, and Marcelo F. Mendes …………………………….…… ... 416 CONTROL OF STOCHASTIC EXTERNALITIES IN THE OFFSHORE INDUSTRY Raffaele Romagnoli and Riccardo Varvelli ……………………………………………….…………… .... 421 RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENTS FEASIBILITY STUDY ON THE DUMPING OF CARBON DIOXIDE IN DEEP SEA Izuo Aya, Kenji Yamane, and Nobuo Yamada ………………………………………………………… .... 427 ENVIRONMENTAL DATA COLLECTION AND ASSESSMENT FOR DEEP OCEAN MINING PROGRAMME Sucharit Markanday and T.R.P. Singh ……………………….……………………………………..….. ... 433 DISCHARGE FROM MANGANESE NODULE MINING SYSTEM T. Yamazaki, K. Tsurusaki, and K. Handa …………………………………………..………………… .... 440 PREDICTION OF NATURAL GAS HYDRATE DISSOCIATION ENTHALPIES Fouad Fleyfel and E.D. Sloan …………………………………………………………………….……. .... 447 A RIGOROUS METHOD FOR THE PREDICTION OF GAS HYDRATE INHIBITION BY METHANOL IN MULTICOMPONENT SYSTEMS D. Avlonitis, A.C. Todd, and A. Danesh ………………………………………………………………. .... 454

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VOLUME II, 1991

Computer Technology, ROV and Control, Risers, Mooring and Cables, Pipelines International Polar Research, Ice, Structures and Scour



Copyright © 1991 by International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers, Golden, Colorado, USA. All Rights Reserved. ISBN 978-0-9626104-5-5 (set) LCCN 91-071635 Indexed by Engineering Index and Others www.isope.org: [email protected] Edited by: Michael S. Triantafyllou, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge Karel Karal, Norwegian Contractors, Stabekk Jin S. Chung, Colorado School of Mines, Golden George C. Hartnup, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh Shankare S. Gowda, Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo Presented at: The First (1991) International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference held in Edinburgh, The United Kingdom, 11-16 August 1991 Organized by:

International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers Sponsored by:


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International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers (ISOPE) Offshore Mechanics and Polar Engineering Council (OMPEC) with cooperating societies and associations



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CONTENTS VOLUME II COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY VISUAL DESIGN VERIFICATION OF SCULPTURED OBJECTS Bradley A. Moran and Werner Hansmann ………………………………………….. ..................................... 1 SOLVING THE INTERSECTION LINES OF MECHANICAL PARTS BY CL FORMULA Kang-le Shen, ShuDuan Guo, and XueBin Liang ……………………………………… ................................ 8 LOCALIZATION FOR AUTOMATED INSPECTION OF CURVED SURFACES Leonidas Bardis, Richard A. Jinkerson, and Nicholas M. Patrikalakis ………………………….. ................ 16 DESIGN OF AN OBJECT-ORIENTED STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS PROGRAM Sanjay S. Jaiswal and H. Ronald Riggs ………………………………………………….. ............................ 25 CASCADED OPTIMIZATION OF THE DYNAMICS OF AN INDUSTRIAL ROBOT ELECTRIC DRIVE AS A MULTIPARAMETRIC ELASTIC ENTITY V.L. Kudriavtsev and V.I. Poleschuk ……………………………………………………. ............................ 33 GRAFX AS A TOOL IN OCEAN ENGINEERING SYSTEM DESIGNS Jerzy K. Soldek and Wlodzimierz Rucinski …………………………………………….. ............................. 38 ROV AND CONTROL ROV90 - A PROTOTYPE AUTONOMOUS INSPECTION VEHICLE

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Ornulf Jan Rodseth and Jan Olav Hallset ……………………………………………… ............................... 42 PROGRAMME AND MAJOR DESIGN METHODS TO DEVELOP SUBSEA ROVs Ye. Ivanov, S. Karev, and A. Finkelshteyn ……………………………………….. ...................................... 48 DESIGN OF A NEW HIGH PERFORMANCE VS POSITION CONTROL OF ROVs J.P.V.S. da Cunha, R.R. Costa, L. Hsu, and R.B. Dominguez ……………………….. .................................. 53 ERGONOMIC ASPECTS OF UNDERWATER TOOLS USED BY DIVERS K. Piotrowski ……………………………………………………………………………… ......................... 61 TRAJECTORY TRACKING CONTROL OF A ROV FOR LIFTING OBJECTS Hideyuki Suzuki and Koichiro Yoshida ………………………………………………….. ........................... 66 MOTION SIMULATION OF SUBSEA VEHICLES S. Kalske and K. Happonen ………………………………………………………………… ....................... 74 UNDERWATER TOWED VEHICLE MANEUVERABLE IN BOTH VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL AXIS N. Kato ……………………………………………………………………………….. ................................. 85 DISTURBANCE CHARACTERISTICS AND CONTROL STRATEGY IN MARINE ENVIRONMENTS Y. Okano ……………………………………………………………………………. ................................... 93 IDENTIFICATION OF LOW-ORDER DYNAMIC MODELS FOR DEEPLY-TOWED UNDERWATER VEHICLE SYSTEMS Franz S. Hover and Dana R. Yoerger …………………………………………………. ................................ 97 THE HYDRODYNAMICS OF ROVs CARRYING WORK PACKAGES P. Sayer and C.A. Miller …………………………………………………………….. ................................ 106 EFFECT OF MOORING SYSTEM ON LOW FREQUENCY MOTIONS OF A DRILLING SHIP Tadeusz Szelangiewicz ……………………………………………………………….. ............................... 115 ON THE NUTATION DAMPING OF FLUID-STRUCTURE INTERACTION INSTABILITIES V.J. Modi and F. Welt ………………………………………………………………… .............................. 123 RISERS INFLUENCE OF AMPLITUDE MODULATION ON THE FLUID FORCES ACTING ON A VIBRATING CYLINDER IN CROSS-FLOW R. Gopalkrishnan, M.S. Triantafyllou, and M.A. Grosenbaugh …………………………. .......................... 132 A DESIGN METHOD FOR MULTIPLE FLEXIBLE RISER SYSTEMS K. Ishii, T. Fuku, T. Yamaguchi, and R. Hidaka …………………………………………. ......................... 140 PARAMETRIC STUDIES OF FLEXIBLE RISERS

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F.B. Seyed and M.H. Patel ……………………………………………………………….. ......................... 147 A MATRIX APPROACH TO THE ANALYSIS OF LOAD AND STRESS DISTRIBUTION IN THREADED CONNECTIONS H. Bahai and I.I. Esat …………………………………………………………………….. ......................... 157 OPTIMAL ARRANGEMENT OF 6+1 SATELLITE RISER IN A CURRENT S.P. Johnson and M.M. Zdravkovich ……………………………………………………. .......................... 164 THREE DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS OF A MARINE RISER WITH LARGE DISPLACEMENTS Tseng Huang and Qing Liang Kang ............................................................................... ................................ 170 LANCZOS-RITZ MODAL DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF MARINE RIGID RISERS G.B. Ellwanger, E.P. Lima, M.Q. Siqueira, and H. Casaprima ………………………. ............................... 178 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR TLP RISERS IN HARSH ENVIRONMENTS F.K. Lim and S. Hatton …………………………………………………….. ............................................... 182 THE EFFECTS OF VIBRATION ABSORBERS ON THE LONGITUDINAL VIBRATION OF A PIPE STRING IN THE DEEP SEA K. Aso, K. Kan, H. Doki, and K. Iwato ……………………………………………. ................................... 190 AXIAL DYNAMICS OF DEEP WATER RISERS A.D. Trim ………………………………………………………………………………… ......................... 198 MOORING AND CABLES NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF 2-D NONLINEAR CABLE EQUATIONS WITH APPLICATIONS TO LOW-TENSION PROBLEMS Christopher T. Howell ………………………………………………………. ............................................. 203 PLANAR AND NON-PLANAR RESPONSE OF A SUSPENDED CABLE DRIVEN BY SMALL SUPPORT OSCILLATIONS N.C. Perkins ………………………………………………………………… .............................................. 210 ANALYSIS OF EXTREME TENSIONS IN A SNAPPING CABLE H. Shin ………………………………………………………………………………………. .................... 216 MODELING OF UNDERSEA CABLE INSTALLATION WITH A FINITE DIFFERENCE METHOD J.J. Burgess …………………………………………………………………………………. ..................... 222 POWER CABLES AND UMBILICALS - CONDUCTOR STRAIN UNDER PURE BENDING G. Feld, R.L. Reuben, D.G. Owen, and A.E. Crockett ……………………………………. ........................ 228 COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE QUASI-STATIC ANALYSES AND DYNAMIC SIMULATIONS FOR ESTIMATING THE MAXIMUM TENSIONS OF MOORING LINES Yoshiyuki Inoue, Hiroaki Miyabe, Xue Weiyi, and Mauricio Nakamura ……………… ............................ 236

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EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF BUOYS ON DEEP WATER MOORING DYNAMICS S.A. Mavrakos, V.J. Papazoglou, M.S. Triantafyllou, and P. Brando ……………… .................................. 243 ELASTIC STATIC ANALYSIS OF CHAIN LINKS IN TENSION AND BENDING V.J. Papazoglou, G.M. Katsaounis, and J.D. Papaioannou ………………………….. ................................ 252 DESIGN NOTES ON SPREAD MOORING SYSTEMS Bohdan W. Oppenheim and James E. Fletter ................................................................ ................................. 259 EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE BEHAVIOUR OF A TWO TENSION LEG BUOY MOORING SYSTEM IN WIND, WAVE AND CURRENT Qi Xin-yuan, Xie Nan, Cheng Tian-yang, and Qi Tao ………………………………. ................................ 266 PIPELINES TRAWL FORCES ON FREE-SPANNING PIPELINES R.L.P. Verley, B.H. Moshagen, N.C. Moholdt, and I. Nygaard ………………………… ........................... 273 STATIC CALCULATION OF PIPELINE FREE SPANS. A SIMPLE AND QUICK METHOD Egil Skomedal ………………………………………………………………… .......................................... 281 ONSET OF SCOUR BELOW A PIPELINE EXPOSED TO WAVES B.M. Sumer and J. Fredsoe ……………………………………………………… ....................................... 290 LOCAL SCOUR CONTROL UNDER WAVES AND CURRENTS COMBINED Yoshiaki Kawata and Yoshito Tsuchiya ……………………………………………................................... 296 TIME SCALE FOR WAVE/CURRENT SCOUR BELOW PIPELINES J. Fredsoe, B.M. Sumer, and M.M. Arnskov …………………………………………. ............................... 301 SELF BURIAL AND STIMULATED SELF BURIAL OF PIPELINES BY WAVES K. Tunc Gokce and A. Riza Gunbak ………………………………………………….. .............................. 308 TRANSPORTATION OF WAXY CRUDE THROUGH PIPELINE SYSTEMS: ANALYSIS OF SOME CRITICAL DESIGN PARAMETERS B. Sarkar and A. Bhattacharya ………………………………………….. .................................................... 315 EFFECT OF THERMAL ENVIRONMENT ON WAX DEPOSITION IN A CRUDE OIL PIPELINE: ANALYSIS OF SOME CRITICAL ASPECTS A. Bhattacharya ………………………………………………………….. .................................................. 322 ELECTRIC HEAT TRACING OF SUBMARINE PIPELINES INDUCTION HEATING BY THE STATOIL INVENTED "ITTI"-SYSTEM C.H. Ahlen ……………………………………………………………………… ........................................ 331 DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION AND COMMISSIONING OF HEERA-URAN TRUNKLINE

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PROJECT S. Jayachandran and Shiv Anand ………………………………………………………. ............................ 335 ENGINEERING FOR ROUTING AND COMPREHENSIVE DESIGN OF SUBMARINE PIPELINE AND RISER AT EXISTING PLATFORM COMPLEX Sarasij Majumder, Sucharit Markanday, and Shiv Anand …………………………………. ...................... 347 UNDERWATER PIPELINE SYSTEM CONSTRUCTION ACROSS THE BAYDARATSKAYA BAY IN THE KARA SEA Mikhail A. Kamyshev and Sh.R. Kudashev …………………………………………… ............................. 354 METHODS FOR PROBABILISTIC ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS TO SUBMARINE PIPELINES Guoyang Jiao and Roberto Bruschi …………………………………………….. ........................................ 361 RISK ANALYSIS OF SUBSEA PIPELINES HAZARDS INDUCED BY HUMAN OFFSHORE ACTIVITIES Roberto Carpaneto and Marco Tominez ……………………………………………................................... 372 SAFETY AND INTEGRITY OF SUBMARINE PIPELINES/FLOWLINES UNDER INTERACTION OF FISHING TRAWL DOORS Guoyang Jiao, Bjorn Skallerud, and Torbjorn Sotberg ………………………………… ............................ 378 INTEGRITY MONITORING AND MAINTENANCE CRITERIA FOR NEW AND EXISTING ON LAND AND MARINE PIPELINES P.St.J. Price and H.A. Anderson ……………………………………………………. .................................. 386 MATERIALS AND METHODS FOR PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION IN THE USSR R.M. Shakirov and V.I. Khomenko ………………………………………………….. ................................ 394 DEVELOPMENT OF A FATIGUE MODEL FOR PREDICTION OF FLEXIBLE PIPE LIFE EXPECTANCY Z. Chen, R.L. Reuben, and D.G. Owen …………………………………………. ....................................... 400 FIBRE REINFORCED FLEXIBLE PIPE MATERIAL SELECTION AND DESIGN METHODS Svein Are Lotveit and Hakon Ward ……………………………. ................................................................. 414 STRESS CONCENTRATIONS IN PIPELINES DUE TO THE PRESENCE OF DENTS M. Beller, C. Mattheck, and J. Zimmermann ……………………………….. .............................................. 421 INTERNATIONAL POLAR RESEARCH THE FINNISH ARCTIC OFFSHORE RESEARCH PROGRAMME Ernst Enkvist and Esa Eranti ............................................. .............................................................................. 425 THE DEVELOPMENT OF AUSTRALIAN ANTARCTIC BUILDING TYPES Phil Incoll ……………………………………………………. ..................................................................... 434

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MODELLING OF SNOWDRIFT AROUND PRISMATIC BUILDINGS FOR ANTARCTIC ENVIRONMENT D.H. Kim, K.C.S. Kwok, D.J. Smedley, and H.F. Rohde ………………………….. .................................. 443 ICE, STRUCTURES AND SCOUR REMOTE SENSING OF ICEBERGS IN THE BARENTS SEA DURING SIZEX 89 Stein Sandven, Kjell Kloster, and Ola M. Johannessen ……………………………….. .............................. 451 BEAUFORT SEA ICE THICKNESS MEASUREMENTS FROM AN ACOUSTIC, UNDER ICE, UPWARD LOOKING ICE KEEL PROFILER G. Roger Pilkington and B.D. Wright ……………………………………………. ..................................... 456 STAMUKHI ON THE NORTHERN SAKHALIN OFFSHORE V.N. Astafiev, A.M. Polomoshnov, and P.A. Truskov ………………………………. ............................... 462 SCOUR DEPTHS DISTRIBUTION ON THE NORTHERN SAKHALIN OFFSHORE P.A. Truskov and G.A. Surkov ………………………………………… ..................................................... 467 LONG RANGE DETECTION OF ICEBERGS USING GROUND WAVE RADAR S.K. Srivastava and A.M. Ponsford ………………………………………… .............................................. 471 INVESTIGATION OF FLOATING PLATE STABILITY BY THE BOUNDARY ELEMENT METHOD A.A. Ushakov, N.G. Khrapaty, and V.A. Takhteyev …………………………. ........................................... 477 DYNAMICAL PROBLEMS OF ICE COVER FRACTURE A.V. Pushkin, L.I. Slepian, and A.N. Zlatin ………………………………………. .................................... 481 GENERAL THEORY OF DYNAMIC ICE STRUCTURE INTERACTION WITH APPLICATIONS Esa Eranti …………………………………………………………………………….. ............................... 489 MEASUREMENT OF ICE FORCES ON LIGHT PIERS IN THE ST. LAWRENCE SEAWAY R. Frederking, M. Sayed, and G. Penney ………………………………………….. ................................... 499 LOCAL SCOUR DEPTH OF SAND BOTTOM AROUND GRAVITATIONAL ICE-RESISTANT STRUCTURES CAUSED BY WAVES I.Sh. Khalfin ……………………………………………………………………. ........................................ 505 WAVE DEFORMATIONS OF SEA ICE FLOES IN THE ANTARCTIC DUE TO STORMS AND ICEBERGS V.N. Smirnov …………………………………………………………….. .................................................. 510 NEW ASPECTS OF ICE/STRUCTURE INTERACTION PROBLEMS Yu.N. Alekseev, V.A. Belijashov, K.E. Sazonov, and O.M. Starovoitov …………….. .............................. 515 SUBMUDLINE PRODUCTION SYSTEMS AS A SOLUTION TO ICEBERG HAZARDS W.G. Edwards and D.S. Dallimer …………………………………………… ............................................. 520

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A COMPARISON OF THE ATMOSPHERIC ICING ON TWO DIFFERENT SIZE CABLES Jacques Druez and Pierre McComber ……………………………………. .................................................. 528 PREDICTING CREEP DISPLACEMENTS OF LATERALLY LOADED PILES IN ICE AND ICE-RICH MATERIALS P. Morin, D.H. Shields, R. Kenyon, L. Domashuk, and R. Frank …………………….. .............................. 535 INVESTIGATION OF SEA SPRAY ICING ON OFFSHORE STRUCTURE Yuzo Mizuno, Mitsunari Hirasawa, Kenji Yano, and Kazuo Tokikawa ……………….. ............................ 543 BEHAVIOUR OF STEEL-CONCRETE COMPOSITE MEMBERS FOR ARCTIC OFFSHORE STRUCTURES S.S. Gowda and P. Hassinen ……………………………………………. .................................................... 548 ON THE MECHANISM OF SHIP HULL DENTS CAUSED BY ICE PRESSURE K. Tamura and M. Arita …………………………………………… ............................................................ 556 ICE LOADING ON OPEN AND DUCTED PROPELLERS Robin P. Browne, Arno Keinonen, and Pierre Semery ……………………….. ........................................... 562 ICE-RESISTANT ENAMELS FOR ICE-BREAKERS AND OFFSHORE STRUCTURES M.G. Gladkov, I.P. Moiseeva, and L.G. Sidorova ……………………… .................................................... 571 METAL MINING IN POLAR REGIONS David Lyons ……………………………………………………….. ............................................................ 574

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VOLUME III, 1991

Waves, Ocean Measurements, Hydrodynamic Forces, Vortex and Oscillations Motions and Nonlinear Dynamics, Higher-order Effects


Click on a blue paper title you like to view. This CD-ROM was created upon scanning the papers in the conference proceedings.

Copyright © 1991 by International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers, Golden, Colorado, USA. All Rights Reserved. ISBN 978-0-9626104-5-5 (set) LCCN 91-071635 Indexed by Engineering Index and Others www.isope.org: [email protected] Edited by: Jin S. Chung, Colorado School of Mines, Golden Michael Isaacson, University of British Columbia, Vancouver Hisaaki Maeda, University of Tokyo, Tokyo Presented at: The First (1991) International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference held in Edinburgh, The United Kingdom, 11-16 August 1991 Organized by:


International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers (ISOPE) with cooperating societies and associations The publisher and the editors of its publications assume no responsibility for the statements or opinions expressed in


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papers or presentations by the contributors to this conference or proceedings.


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CONTENTS VOLUME III WAVES EFFECTS OF THREE-DIMENSIONALITY ON WAVE KINEMATICS AND LOADING K. She, C.A. Greated, and W.J. Easson …………………………………. ....................................................... 1 PERFECT OCEAN WAVE FOCUSING WITHOUT REFLECTION Sunao Murashige, Takeshi Kinoshita, and Tatsuo Suzuki …………………………….. ................................. 6 RANDOM WAVE SIMULATION BY DIGITAL FILTERING USING AN INDUSTRY-STANDARD PARALLEL COMPUTING FACILITY E. Yarimer and C. Solomonidis …………………………………….. ............................................................ 15 NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF MULTI-DIRECTIONAL RANDOM SEAS Yu-xiu Yu, Shu-xue Liu, and Li Li ………………………………… ............................................................. 26 NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF SOLITARY WAVE DIFFRACTION IN SHALLOW WATER Jianguo Lin and Yulin Lu ………………………………………….. ............................................................. 33 BREAKING WAVES IN DEEP-WATER RANDOM SEAS T.H. Dawson, D.L. Kriebel, and L.A. Wallendorf …………………………………. .................................... 39 STATISTICAL PROPERTIES OF WAVE FRONTS IN DIRECTIONAL SEAS L. Rebaudengo Lando, G. Scarsi, and A.C. Taramasso ……………………………… .................................. 47 FIELD TRIALS OF THE DIRECTIONAL WAVERIDER Stephen F. Barstow and Tor Kollstad …………………………………………. ............................................ 55

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A NEW MODEL FOR THE KINEMATICS OF LARGE OCEAN WAVES - APPLICATION AS A DESIGN WAVE Peter S. Tromans, Ali R. Anaturk, and Paul Hagemeijer ……………………………………. ...................... 64 THE COMPARISON OF WAVE DATA OF VARIOUS AREAS IN NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN USING WAVE DATA INDEX Y. Hattori, I. Nakamura, and Y. Kawai ……………………………………………… .................................. 72 DOUBLE-PEAKED WAVE SPECTRA MODELLING: A CASE STUDY IN THE PORTUGUESE COAST A.A. Pires Silva and A.J.N.A. Sarmento …………………………………………… .................................... 76 COMPARISON OF WIND SPEEDS OVER ARABIAN SEA AND BAY OF BENGAL DERIVED FROM GEOSAT ALTIMETER DATA Usha Natesan and S.P. Subramanian …………………………………………….. ........................................ 83 GENERATION OF SHORT CRESTED SEAS IN LABORATORY WAVE TANKS I.G. Bryden and B.T. Linfoot …………………………………………………. ............................................ 89 CREST KINEMATICS IN WAVE GROUPS J. Sutherland, C.A. Greated, and W.J. Easson ………………………………………. ................................... 97 WAVE DISSIPATING CAPACITY OF MULTI-SLOTTED-WALLS BREAKWATER Kazuhiro Hagiwara and Toru Sawaragi …………………………………………. ....................................... 104 OCEAN MEASUREMENTS THE ROLE OF OCEAN ENGINEERS IN JAPANESE OCEAN MEASUREMENT RESEARCH Wataru Koterayama ……………………………………………………….. ................................................ 112 NETWORKS FOR OFFSHORE INSTRUMENTATION Keith Witney …………………………………………………….. ............................................................... 120 HYDRODYNAMIC FORCES TOWARDS AN IMPROVED WAVE FORCE EQUATION K. Worden, P.K. Stansby, G.R. Tomlinson, and S.A. Billings …………………………….. ...................... 128 DECOMPOSITION OF LOW FREQUENCY HYDRODYNAMIC FORCES ACTING ON A FLOATING VESSEL MOORED IN OCEAN WAVES Takeshi Kinoshita ………………………………………………….. ........................................................... 135 THREE DIMENSIONAL EFFECTS ON HYDRODYNAMIC FORCES ACTING ON AN OSCILLATING FINITE-LENGTH CIRCULAR CYLINDER M. Nakamura, W. Koterayama, and K. Hoshino ………………………………… ...................................... 143

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FORCE COEFFICIENT ESTIMATION FROM RANDOM WAVE DATA Michael Isaacson, Kesavan Subbiah, and John Baldwin ………………………………. ............................. 149 HYDRODYNAMIC FORCES ON A HORIZONTAL CYLINDER RESTING ON A SAND BED UNDER WAVES AND CURRENTS Peter Stansby and Paul Starr …………………………………………………….. ....................................... 158 PROXIMITY EFFECTS OF BOTTOM AND FREE SURFACE BOUNDARIES TO WAVE FORCES ACTING ON A SUBMERGED SPHERE Koichiro Iwata and Norimi Mizutani …………………………………………………… ........................... 164 ON A HYDRO-ELASTIC PROBLEM IN OFFSHORE STRUCTURES: THE FORCES ON AN OSCILLATING CYLINDER REVISITED A. Otter …………………………………………………………………………………. ........................... 172 HYDRODYNAMIC FORCES ACTING ON A HORIZONTAL CIRCULAR CYLINDER WITH AN INCLINED ANGLE TO THE WAVE CREST IN REGULAR WAVES Koji Otsuka and Yoshiho Ikeda …………………………………………………. ....................................... 178 EFFECTS OF FREE SURFACE FLUCTUATION ON RESPONSE OF OFFSHORE STRUCTURES Chi C. Tung and Cheng H. Yang ………………………………………………. ......................................... 183 HYDRODYNAMIC FORCE CHARACTERISTICS IN THE SPLASH ZONE Nicholas Haritos ……………………………………………………………. .............................................. 194 WAVE IMPACT LOADS ON HORIZONTAL STRUCTURES IN THE SPLASH ZONE E.S. Chan, H.F. Cheong, and K.Y.H. Gin ………………………………… ................................................. 203 HYDRODYNAMIC FORCES ACTING ON INCLINED CYLINDER DUE TO WAVES WITH CROSSING CURRENT Yu-Cheng Li, Hai-Gui Kang, and Da-Peng Sun ………………………………… ...................................... 210 WAVE FORCE COEFFICIENTS FOR INCLINED ROUGH CYLINDERS S. Ghoshal, M.C. Deo, and S. Narasimhan …………………………………….. ......................................... 220 FLOW AROUND MULTIPLE CYLINDERS BY THE RANDOM VORTEX METHOD Peter Stansby and Arezki Slaouti …………………………………………… .............................................. 228 NEAR-FIELD INTERACTION BETWEEN TWO BODIES MOVING IN A FLUID Allen T. Chwang and Zhi Guo ........................................................................................................................ 236 STEEP WAVE FORCES ON GROUP OF VERTICAL CYLINDERS LOCATED IN ANY WATER DEPTH Song Ren Wu and Wen Xiao …………………………………………………. ........................................... 244 INTERACTION OF LARGE SQUARE CAISSONS IN RANDOM WAVES Yongxue Wang …………………………………………………………………. ........................................ 252 FLUID LOADING ON RECTANGULAR CYLINDERS IN STEADY FLOW

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D. Hamel-Derouich ……………………………………………………………… ...................................... 258 HYDRODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS AND SEISMIC ANALYSIS OF OFFSHORE CYLINDRICAL STRUCTURE-FLUID-SOIL SYSTEMS J.J. Bi, H. Zhuang, and X.L. Weng ………………………………………………. ...................................... 264 DESIGN RESPONSE SPECTRA FOR OFFSHORE STRUCTURES Sau-Lon James Hu and James Michael Mandato ………………………………………… ......................... 270 THE ANALYSIS OF COMBINED ENVIRONMENTAL EXTREMES FOR OFFSHORE STRUCTURES M. Nessim, D. Attwood, and V. Swail ………………………………………………… ............................. 278 DESIGN OF DIGITAL FILTERS FOR REAL-TIME COMPUTATION OF FORCE ON A FLOATING BODY Arekar Vinod Manohar ………………………………………………… ..................................................... 283 NONLINEAR WAVE FORCE ON THE BOTTOM OF A CIRCULAR CYLINDER D.H. Qiu and Z.C. Sun ……………………………………………………….. ........................................... 288 A STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF NON-LINEAR DRAG TERM ON RESPONSE OF OFFSHORE STRUCTURES A.C. Phadke and C.S. Gurujee …………………………………………………….. ................................... 293 VORTEX AND OSCILLATIONS MEASUREMENTS IN THE NEAR WAKE OF A K-NODE IMMERSED IN A STEADY UNIDIRECTIONAL FLOW A.G.L. Borthwick, J.R. Chaplin, R. Burrows, and G.M. Drossopoulos ………………….. ......................... 301 VORTEX FORMATION IN SURFACE OCEAN CURRENTS George S. Triantafyllou ………………………………………………………………… ............................ 309 THREE-DIMENSIONAL SIMULATION OF FLOW PAST A SPHERE A.G. Tomboulides, S.A. Orszag, and G.E. Karniadakis ………………………………. .............................. 316 BI-STABLE FLOW ASSOCIATED WITH TWO TANDEM UNEQUAL DIAMETER CYLINDERS S.C. Luo …………………………………………………………………………………. .......................... 326 THE UNSTEADY TURBULENT WAKE THEORY AND ITS APPLICATION TO THE PROBLEMS OF OSCILLATING BODIES Koichiro Matsumoto ………………………………………………………………….. .............................. 330 IN-LINE FORCES ON A CYLINDER PERFORMING LARGE AMPLITUDE OSCILLATION IN A STEADY CURRENT E.D. Obasaju, P.W. Bearman, and J.M.R. Graham ………………………….. ............................................. 340 DAMPING OF A VERTICAL CYLINDER OSCILLATING IN STILL WATER

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K. Hayashi and J.R. Chaplin ……………………………………………………………. ........................... 346 APPLICATION OF A GENERAL PREDICTION METHOD FOR VORTEX INDUCED VIBRATIONS OF CATENARY RISERS J. Fang and G.J. Lyons ……………………………………………………………. .................................... 354 THE EFFECT OF MARINE GROWTH ON VORTEX SHEDDING AND THE FATIGUE LIFE OF TUBULAR MEMBERS: RESULTS FROM A CASE STUDY Julian Wolfram ……………………………………………………………………… ................................. 362 MOTIONS AND NONLINEAR DYNAMICS MODELLING THE RESPONSE OF FLEXIBLY MOUNTED CYLINDERS IN OSCILLATORY FLOW A.W. Lipsett and I.D. Williamson ………………………………………………. ....................................... 370 SWEPT SINE WAVE TESTING OF COMPLIANT BOTTOM-PIVOTED CYLINDERS Nicholas Haritos …………………………………………………………………. ...................................... 378 ANALYSIS OF NONLINEAR RESPONSE OF AN ARTICULATED TOWER Oded Gottlieb, Solomon C.S. Yim, and Robert T. Hudspeth …………………………… ........................... 384 STOCHASTIC RESPONSES OF ANCHORED FLEXIBLE FLOATING ISLANDS SUBJECTED TO WIND-WAVES AND SEAQUAKES Takuji Hamamoto, Hiroshi Takahashi, and Yasuo Tanaka ……………………………… .......................... 391 THREE-DIMENSIONAL HYDROELASTIC RESPONSE OF A VERY LARGE FLOATING STRUCTURE Dayun Wang, H. Ronald Riggs, and R. Cengiz Ertekin ………………………………….. ......................... 399 PREDICTION OF VISCOUS ROLL DAMPING AND RESPONSE OF TRANSPORTATION BARGES IN WAVES R.G. Standing ………………………………………………………………………………………. ......... 409 CHAOTIC AND STOCHASTIC DYNAMICS OF OFFSHORE EQUIPMENT Solomon C.S. Yim and Huan Lin ………………………………………………………............................. 420 A STOCHASTIC ANALYSIS OF THE ROLLING MOTION OF SHIPS IN IRREGULAR WAVES S.H. Kwon and R.C. McGregor …………………………………………………………… ....................... 428 HIGHER-ORDER EFFECTS FULL-SCALE MEASURED AND PREDICTED LOW-FREQUENCY MOTIONS OF THE SEMI-SUBMERSIBLE SUPPORT VESSEL "UNCLE JOHN" R.G. Standing, W.J. Brendling, and G.E. Jackson …………………………………………. ...................... 434 A SIMPLE METHOD FOR ESTIMATION OF EXTREME VALUES OF

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NON-GAUSSIAN SLOW-DRIFT RESPONSES C.T. Stansberg ……………………………………………………………………………. ......................... 442 TIME VARIANT WAVE DRIFT DAMPING AND ITS EFFECT ON THE RESPONSE STATISTICS OF MOORED OFFSHORE STRUCTURES John M. Johnsen and Arvid Naess ………………………………………………………… ....................... 452 SURGE DRIFT MOTION OF A MOORED VESSEL IN RANDOM WAVES M.J. Krafft and C.H. Kim …………………………………………………………………….. .................. 460 TIME-DOMAIN SOLUTION OF SECOND-ORDER RUNUP AND WAVE FORCES M. Isaacson and K.F. Cheung ……………………………………………………………….. .................... 468 THE COMPUTATION OF MEAN DRIFT FORCES AND WAVE RUN-UP BY HIGHER-ORDER BOUNDARY ELEMENT METHOD Y.H. Liu, C.H. Kim, and M.H. Kim ………………………………………………………….. ................... 476 SECOND-ORDER LONG WAVES AROUND A HUGE MAN-MADE ISLAND Koichi Masuda and Takashi Nagai ……………………………………………………………. ................. 484 NEGATIVE LOW FREQUENCY WAVE DRIFT DAMPING OF TLP Qi Tao, Xie Nan, Fu Yu-Fei, and Qi Xin-yuan ……………………………………………….. .................. 492 ADDITIONAL TOPICS ON THE BREAKING ENERGETIC WAVES Marshall P. Tulin and Jiyue J. Li ………………………………………………………………… ............. 498 COMPUTATION OF VORTEX SHEDDING FROM RIGID AND COMPLIANT CYLINDERS IN WAVES J.M.R. Graham and B. Djahansouzi ………………………………………………………… ..................... 504 MOTION CHARACTERISTICS OF A TETHERED FLOAT IN REGULAR WAVES P. Vethamony, J.S. Sastry, and S. Narasimhan ………………………………………………. ................... 510 NONLINEAR AND BREAKING WAVES IN BICHROMATIC WAVE-TRAINS: EXPERIMENTS AND NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS Raymond Cointe and Loic Boudet ……………………………………………………….. ......................... 517 EVOLUTION OF LONG NONLINEAR GRAVITY WAVES ON SHELVES Yu.A. Egorov ………………………………………………………………………………… ................... 523

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VOLUME IV, 1991

Structural Mechanics and Analysis , Impact and Explosion, Materials, Welding, NDT and Fitness For Purpose Fracture, Fatigue and Tubular Joints



Copyright © 1991 by International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers, Golden, Colorado, USA. All Rights Reserved. ISBN 978-0-9626104-5-5 (set) LCCN 91-071635 Indexed by Engineering Index and Others www.isope.org: [email protected] Edited by: Charles P. Ellinas, Advanced Mechanics & Engineering, Surrey Ram S. Puthli, TNO Building and Construction Research and Delft Univ. of Technology, Delft Yukio Ueda, Osaka University, Osaka Steinar Berg, SINTEF, Trondheim Presented at: The First (1991) International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference held in Edinburgh, The United Kingdom, 11-16 August 1991 Organized by:


International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers (ISOPE) with cooperating societies and associations


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For set of 4 volumes; 2,190 pp. VOLUME IV

CONTENTS STRUCTURAL MECHANICS AND ANALYSIS BLOCK LANCZOS ALGORITHM FOR DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF OFFSHORE STRUCTURES UNDER MULTILOAD PATTERNS O.A. Marques and L. Landau ………………………………………………………………….. ..................... 1 A PERTURBATION METHOD OF DIRECT SPECTRAL ANALYSIS FOR THE RANDOM RESPONSE OF OFFSHORE STRUCTURES Zhao-chang Zheng and Bao-rong Cheng ………………………………………………………. .................... 8 A DESIGN STUDY OF A DISCRETE COLUMN INVOLVING HILL-TOP BIFURCATION D.G. Karr and K.P. A'Hearn …………………………………………………………………… .................. 14 F.E.M. APPROACH TO THE DEFORMATION STUDY OF PIG CUPS Raffaele Romagnoli and Riccardo Varvelli ……………………………………………………… ............... 22 DYNAMIC ELASTIC-PLASTIC ANALYSIS OF OFFSHORE FRAMED STRUCTURES BY PLASTIC NODE METHOD CONSIDERING STRAIN-HARDENING EFFECTS Masahiko Fujikubo, Yong Bai, and Yukio Ueda ………………………………………………. .................. 26 REASSESSMENT OF OFFSHORE STEEL STRUCTURES: SHAKEDOWN AND CYCLIC NONLINEAR FEM ANALYSES Oyvind Hellan, Bjorn Skallerud, Jorgen Amdahl, and Torgeir Moan ……………………….. ...................... 34 LIFETIME EXTENSION OF EXISTING OFFSHORE STRUCTURES

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F. Zuccarelli, D. Diamantidis, G. Righetti, and E. Valente ……………………………………… ................ 43 TRANSIENT DEFORMATION OF VISCOELASTIC MEMBRANES C. Jenkins and J.W. Leonard ……………………………………………………………………….. ........... 49 STRENGTH OF INTERSECTIONS IN COMPOSITE SANDWICH VESSELS UNDER EXTERNAL PRESSURE Y.S. Choo, M.R. Horne, and P. Montague ……………………………………………………. .................... 53 SEMI-RIGID TUBULAR JOINTS APPLIED TO OFFSHORE STRUCTURES R. Kohoutek and I. Hoshyari ……………………………………………………………………….. ........... 61 THE FLEXIBILITY OF UNIPLANAR AND MULTIPLANAR JOINTS MADE OF CIRCULAR HOLLOW SECTIONS A. Romeijn, R.S. Puthli, and J. Wardenier ……………………………………………… ............................. 67 IDENTIFICATION OF STRUCTURAL DAMAGES IN FIXED OFFSHORE PLATFORMS Ney Roitman, Ronaldo C. Batista, Carlos Magluta, Paula F. Viero, and Flavio M. Sarquis ….. .................... 77 RANDOM DYNAMIC RESPONSE ANALYSIS OF OFFSHORE PLATFORM Kenji Kawano, K. Venkataramana, Yoshikazu Yamada, and Takeshi Iida ………………............................ 84 THE ULTIMATE STRENGTH OF TUBULAR BEAM-COLUMNS WITH DAMAGED SECTION AND LARGE BENDING DAMAGE X.L. Liu and C.S. Cai …………………………………………………………………….. ........................... 90 THE INFLUENCE OF PREBUCKLING DEFORMATIONS AND STRESSES ON THE BUCKLING OF SPHERICAL SHELL Luo Pei-lin, Luo Hong-wu, and Tong Fu-shang ………………………………………………… ................ 97 THE INELASTIC LARGE-DEFLECTION BEHAVIOUR OF PATCH-LOADED STIFFENED PLATES E.P. Vassilikos and P.J. Dowling …………………………………………………… ................................. 105 BEHAVIOUR OF ANISOTROPIC SKEW PLATES UNDER UNIFORM DISTRIBUTED LOAD M.M. Kamel, G. Sherif, and M. Kotb ……………………………………………….. ................................ 113 DEFORMATIONS OF THIN-WALL CYLINDRICAL SHELLS OF OFFSHORE STRUCTURES V.I. Seliverstov, A.T. Bekker, and N.G. Khrapaty ………………………………………….. ..................... 121 PRESTRESS ENHANCEMENT OF GROUTED PILE/SLEEVE CONNECTIONS Paul Grundy and James Foo Ee Kiu ……………………………………………………………… ............ 130 THE EFFECT OF a/W RATIO AND CRACK SHAPE ON Ji AND δj VALUES IN A SHIP PLATE STEEL Qingfen Li, Dongyan Shi, Jiaquan Wei, and Boming Zhong …………………………………. ................. 137 ELASTIC-PLASTIC ANALYSIS OF FABRICATED TUBULAR BEAM-COLUMN XiaoMing Yang, ShaoFu Li, and GuoZhou Wang …………………………………………. ..................... 143

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IMPACT AND EXPLOSION EFFECT OF FLUID FORCE ACTING ON THE COLLIDING BODY UPON THE ELASTIC-PLASTIC RESPONSE OF AN OFFSHORE STRUCTURE Yukio Ueda, Hidekazu Murakawa, and Dianxiang Xiang …………………………… ............................... 148 RESPONSE OF STRUCTURES TO IMPULSE AND IMPACT LOADING II K. Kormi and D.A. Duddell ………………………………………………………………. ........................ 156 DYNAMIC RESPONSE OF SUBMERGED PLATES IMPACTED BY DRILL-COLLARS W.M. Chen …………………………………………………………………………… ............................... 165 IMPACT DAMAGE OF LONG PLASTIC CYLINDERS Michelle S. Hoo Fatt and Tomasz Wierzbicki ……………………………………………….. ................... 172 DESIGN AGAINST EXPLOSION LOADS IN OFFSHORE STRUCTURES J. Xu and R.H. Kirkvik ................................................................................................................ ................... 183 MATERIALS RECENT TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF OFFSHORE STEELS D. Uwer and J. Degenkolbe ……………………………………………………………….. ....................... 190 NEW STEELS FOR BUILDING TOMORROW'S OFFSHORE STRUCTURES Jean de la Hamette, Fernand Becker, Romain Henrion, and Roger Schlim ……………….. ....................... 200 QUENCHED AND TEMPERED PLATES IN THE RANGE 420/550 N/MM G. Lefebvre and J-J. Dufrane …………………………………………………………….. ......................... 206 A STUDY ON THE METALLURGICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF Al, Cu, STEEL, STAINLESS STEEL EXPLOSIVE CLAD JOINTS Jung-Gi Moon, Dae-Hun Kim, Sun-Hyo Hwang, and Hyun-Jun Lee ……………….. ................................ 219 PRODUCTION AND WELDING OF ZERON 100 SUPER DUPLEX G. Lefebvre and J-J. Dufrane ……………………………………………………………. .......................... 224 FERRITIC-AUSTENITIC DUPLEX STAINLESS STEELS WITH IMPROVED MATERIAL AND WORKING PROPERTIES Ralf Dohnke, Christoph Gillessen, Thomas Ladwein, and Ulrich Reichel ………………. .......................... 233 CORROSION PERFORMANCE OF CLADDED STEELS AND STAINLESS STEELS V.S.R. Murty, P.F. Anto, P.K. Pant, and R.D. Angal …………………………………………. .................. 238 IMPROVED LOCAL CORROSION RESISTANCE OF WELDS OF Y.P. 350 N/mm CLASS STEELS FOR USE IN ICY SEAS Y. Kumakura, N. Katayama, T. Inoue, Y. Horii, and T. Tsuzuki …………………… ................................. 245

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APPROACHING A HOLE UNDER MIXED MODE LOADING K. Germerdonk, M. Beller, and C. Mattheck ………………………………………………….. ................. 253 THE MECHANICS OF SOCKETING: THE ZINC ALLOY CAST CONE AS A SPECIAL COMPOUND STRUCTURE K. Gabriel and F. Helmes ………………………………………………………………………................. 257 APPLICATION OF ALUMINUM TO OFFSHORE TOPSIDE STRUCTURES Michael J. Bayley ………………………………………………………………………………….. .......... 265 CATHODIC PROTECTION OF TUBULAR JOINTS: A REAPPRAISAL OF THE EVIDENCE I.S. Cole and O. Vittori …………………………………………………………………………….. .......... 273 TIME DEPENDENT EFFECTS IN CATHODIC PROTECTION SYSTEMS USING BOUNDARY ELEMENTS J.A.F. Santiago, W.J. Mansur, and J.C.F. Telles ……………………………………………………….. .... 280 THE EFFECT OF SEA-WATER ON THE FATIGUE LIVES OF WELDED PLATES: A COMPARISON OF RESULTS FROM UK AND OTHER NATIONAL PROGRAMMES T.R. Gurney and J.V. Sharp ………………………………………………………………………. ............ 288 PROBABILISTIC FATIGUE AND CORROSION FATIGUE ANALYSIS OF FRAME TO HULL JOINTS J.W. Tichler and T.N. Bosman ………………………………………………………………….. ............... 297 WELDING WELD PROPERTY RESEARCH OF LARGE-DIAMETER HIGH STRENGTH PIPES PERFORMED BY FLASH-BUTT WELDING V.I. Khomenko, O.S. Papkov, I.A. Drugova, and A.S. Zandberg ……………………………. ................... 304 HEAT FLOW IN ARGON TUNGSTEN ARCS AND WORKPIECE THERMAL RESPONSE AT PRESSURES UP TO 6 MPA H. Fulfs and A. Katsaounis ………………………………………………………………….. .................... 311 EFFECT OF AMBIENT PRESSURE ON EROSION OF SOME TYPES OF TUNGSTEN ELECTRODES IN HYPERBARIC ARC WELDING Yasuo Suga and Hiroo Matsumoto ……………………………………………. .......................................... 319 THE EFFECT OF MAGNETIC FIELD ON STABILIZATION OF TIG ARC WELDING UNDER HYPERBARIC HELIUM ATMOSPHERE Yasuo Suga ………………………………………………………………………………. ......................... 325 WELDING UNDER WATER - A METALLURGICAL APPRAISAL N. Bailey ………………………………………………………………………………… .......................... 331 UNDERWATER WET WELDING REPAIR OF AN OFFSHORE PLATFORM

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IN THE NORTH SEA S. Ibarra, R.L. Reed, J.K. Smith, I. Pachniuk, and C.E. Grubbs ……………………. .................................. 339 ADVANTAGES OF A COMBINED GTAW- AND GMAW-ORBITAL SYSTEM FOR MECHANIZED UNDERWATER WELDING J. Mecklenburg, H. Cui, P. Szelagowski, and H.-G. Schafstall ......................................... ............................ 347 NDT AND FITNESS FOR PURPOSE INSPECTION AND REPAIR OF OFFSHORE CONCRETE STRUCTURES: A REVIEW OF RECENT DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY RESEARCH J.V. Sharp ……………………………………………………………………………….. ........................... 355 NONLINEAR-ACOUSTIC METHOD OF TESTING SOLIDITY AND PLASTICITY OF OFFSHORE CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS B. Konyukhov ………………………………………………………………………… .............................. 367 AN IMPROVED LEVEL 2 APPROACH TO ASSESSING THE SIGNIFICANCE OF DEFECTS IN OFFSHORE TUBULAR NODES A.R. Taylor, F. Duke, and R.N. King ……………………………………………………. .......................... 372 ALLOWABLE CRACK SIZE FOR THE COMPONENTS OF OFFSHORE STRUCTURES Huang DongSheng, Chen Guoming, and Fang Huacan ……………………………………. ...................... 377 FRACTURE THE ESTIMATION OF INFLUENCE OF BRITTLE FRACTURE FACTORS ON CONSTRUCTIONAL STRENGTH OF OFFSHORE STRUCTURES V.I. Bolshakov, S.M. Antonov, and A.M. Doubina ……………………………………. ............................ 384 AXISSYMMETRIC PRESSURE VESSEL FINITE ELEMENT METHOD ANALYSIS WITH CRACK-GROWTH EVALUATION N.F.F. Ebecken, G.F. Moita, B.P. Jacob, and L.A. Souza ……………………………….. .......................... 392 A STRATEGY FOR ASSESSING WELD METAL POP-IN J.D.G. Sumpter ……………………………………………………………………….. ............................... 395 ANALYTICAL STUDY OF HYDROGEN INDUCED FRACTURE IN HIGH TENSION BOLTS Hagai Shimomura, Takeshi Shinoda, and Tadao Haze ……………………………….. ............................... 399 FRACTURE UNDER COMBINED LOADING E.M.S. Nair, N.G. Nair, and C. Ganapathy ……………………………………………….. ........................ 405 FATIGUE AND TUBULAR JOINTS A PREDICTION METHODOLOGY FOR FATIGUE CRACK PROPAGATION

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D.M. Shuter …………………………………………………………………………………. .................... 412 ANALYSIS OF FATIGUE SURFACE CRACK GROWTH IN TUBULAR JOINTS USED IN OFFSHORE STRUCTURES S. Wu and A. Abel ........................................................................................................................... ............... 420 FATIGUE PROPERTIES OF Cr-Mn-N-STEELS USED FOR NONMAGNETIC DRILL COLLARS M. Panzenbock, R. Ebner, and H. Aigner ..................................................................................... ................. 426 INVESTIGATIONS INTO THE FATIGUE BEHAVIOR OF HOLLOW SECTION (CHS) JOINTS SUBJECTED TO SPECTRUM LOADING O. Bucak and F. Mang ………………………………………………………………………. .................... 434 FATIGUE BEHAVIOUR AND DESIGN OF WELDED ALUMINUM STRUCTURES Risto Kuitunen and Klaus Rahka ................................................................................................ .................... 442 A FRACTURE MECHANICS BASED FATIGUE LIFE PREDICTION FOR OFFSHORE TUBULAR JOINTS M. Vormwald ………………………………………………………………………………… ................... 451 FATIGUE ANALYSIS OF T JOINTS IN PLATES C. Moura Branco and J.A. Ferreira …………………………………………………………. ..................... 458 FATIGUE OF HYBRID K-NODES FOR OFFSHORE STRUCTURES MADE OF VACUUM-TREATED FINE GRAINED CAST STEEL D. Christianus, C.M. Sonsino, and R. Umbach ……………………………………………… .................... 464 STRESS CONCENTRATION FACTORS FOR SIMPLE TUBULAR JOINTS P. Smedley and P. Fisher …………………………………………………………………. ......................... 475 STRESS DISTRIBUTIONS IN SCREWED TUBULAR JOINTS FOR THE PETROLEUM INDUSTRY T.P. Broadbent and H. Fessler ……………………………………………………………… ..................... 484 EVALUATION OF RECENT RESEARCH ON THE FATIGUE BEHAVIOUR OF T- AND X-JOINTS MADE WITH SQUARE HOLLOW SECTIONS A.M. van Wingerde, J. Wardenier, R.S. Puthli, and D. Dutta ………………………….. ............................ 492 FATIGUE BEHAVIOUR OF MULTIPLANAR K-JOINTS MADE OF HOLLOW SECTION JOINTS F. Mang, S. Herion, and O. Bucak ………………………………………………………. .......................... 501 ADDITIONAL TOPIC THE EFFECT OF STRESS INTENSITY FACTOR ON THE FRACTURE BEHAVIOUR OF AISI 4340 STEEL V.K. Tewari, V. Kumar, and K.L. Goyal ……………………………………………… ............................. 508

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