THE PROGRESSIVESROOSEVELTTaftWilson

Rough Riding President

Privelaged life

Great Outdoorsman

New York Politics

US Navy

Rough Riders

Modern Presidency

Vice President to Wm. McKinnley (assassinated)

That Damn Cowboy

“speak softly and carry a big stick”

“Do what you can, with what you have, where you are.”

Modern PresidencyCommander of Rough Riders

Boxer (detatched retina in eye)

started panama canal

Nobel Peace Prize

Congressional Medal of Honor

set aside 230 million acres of land for conservation

wrote 30 books

wounded in the chest by a would-be

assassin’s bullet, but delivered a 90 minute speech before being rushed to the hospital

•His 6 kids took their pony into the white house elevator, frightened White house visitors with a 4 foot king snake, and dropped water balloons on the heads of the white house guards

Teddy Roosevelt

• it is said of Teddy that he so wanted to be the center of attention that he wanted to be:

• “ the bride at the wedding, the corpse at the funeral, and the baby at the christening”

Modern PresidencyActed boldly

believed in federal responsibility for national welfare

Gov’t should take control when states couldn’t do their job

president is the “steward of the people”

President has right to do whatever necessary as long as consitution doesn’t say otherwise

Teddy Roosevelt and the Constitution• He believed that the Constitution

had not forseen corporate monopolies

and

since the trade crossed state lines

• it was the federal gov’ts duty to oversee these monoliths -especially the railroads!

Modern Presidency

Bully Pulpit

Teddy’s Square Deal

• 1. Control of Corporations

• 2. consumer protection

• 3. conservationism

Teddy’s Square Deal• Roosevelt believed a president must “do anything” a country needed, as long as it was legal

Speaker Joe Cannon complained Roosevelt had,

“no more use for the Constitution than a tomcat

has for a marriage license.”

Trustbusting

Trustbusting

coal strike

railroads

http://www.theodore-roosevelt.com/trr26.html

Busting TrustsGood and bad

Teddy didn’t con sider bigness =badness.

His intent: symbolically prove Gov’t - not big business - ran the country

Trustbusting

Northern Securities

1902 Northern Securities Company

The gov’t SUED THE NORTHERN SECURITES COMPANY!

Northern Securities was owned by J.P. Morgan (the world’s most powerful capitalist) and James Hill and Edward Harriman. It controlled all U.S. train traffic from chicago to the northwest

1902 Northern Securities trust

bustingHaving ranched in the Dakota badlands, Teddy knew how many americans resented the rr.

Fighting J.P. Morgan would please the masses but anger the Republican party

JP Morgan thought Teddy should have done the “gentlemanly thing” and just discussed it with him privately. Morgan had to buy up vast pieces of his own stock to save the company

Like Adams and Andrew Jackson, Teddy was taking a large risk by challenging the citadels of power

1902 Coal Strike

1902 Coal Strike• It was a cold winter! Hospitals freezing, children shivering in their beds, 100,000 Pa. coal miners striking.

1902 coal StrikeRoosevelt invited John Mitchell of United mine workers and the Coal Mine owners to a meeting

“Chuck them out the window”

If you don’t find a solution, I’ll send in federal troops (to help labor!)

He called on his enemy JP Morgan to help. Morgan still facing arbitration on the Northern Securities issue....

that is the way business is done!

Railroad Regulation

Railroad Octopus1887 Interstate Commerce Commission - inadequate

Congress passes Elkins Act 1903- no rebates!

congress passes the Hepburn Act 1906- no free passes

Gave ICC teeth

Health

Soybean oil, pickles, distilled vinegar, water, sugar, egg yolks, high fructose corn syrup, corn syrup, mustard flour, salt, xanthan gum, potassium sorbate as a preservative, natural flavor, spice and spice extractives, dehydrated garlic, hydrolyzed soy, corn and wheat protein, extractive of onion and paprika, calcium disodium EDTA to protect flavor

Can you Guess What This is?

Caring for the consumerUpton Sinclair’s The Jungle

“aimed for the heart but hit the stomach”

Mary had a little lamb,and when she saw it sicken,

she shipped it off to Packingtown,And now it’s labeled chicken.

Caring for the consumerUpton Sinclair’s The Jungle

“aimed for the heart but hit the stomach”

Caring For the Consumer

Meat Inspection Act 1906 (Big business loved that!)

Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906

Conservation

ConservationNo one taking care of the Great Outdoors

Forests cleared, Prairies plowed, logging led to floods, cities dumped sewage

Roosevelt wanted to wake people up- these resources are not limitless

Named Gifford Pinchot head of US Forest Service - professional conservationist

ConservationOpposite of professional conservationism was John Muir who advocated complete preservation

Conservationist thought some wilderness areas preserved and some managed for the common good

Newlands Act of 1902- $ from sale public lands funded large scale irrigation projects

Sierra Club

Boys Scouts

Jack London’s Call of the Wild

CIVIL RIGHTS

Failed to support Civil Rights on a whole but did support certain individuals

invited Booker T Washington to dinner

Dubois book Souls of Black Folk faulted Washington for blaming black poverty on blacks

created NAACP - aimed for full equality of blacks among whites

*Progressives did not support racial equality

•17.4 Progressivism under Taft

Election of 1904Conservative Republicans not too happy; JP Morgan not thrilled.

Teddy handily defeats Democrat Parker

Election Year bonusSupreme Court ruled 5 to 4 against Northern

SecuritiesIrritated that his own appointee, Justice Oliver

Wendall Holmes, had opposed the decision, Roosevelt said, “he could carve a judge with more backbone

than that from a banana.”

Now the Big Moneyed rich will Fear Him

1904 will be my Last Term

He said he wasn’t running a third term...

Panic of 1907

1908 Election- TR goes to Africa to hunt big game

1908 Election

• http://www.theodore-roosevelt.com/trm78.html

Before Teddy Left:

1. Enlarged power of presidency

2. shaped progressive mov’t

3. Helped americans realized they shared the world with others.

Election of 1908

Republican Taft

William Jennings BryanDemocrat

Eugene V. DebsSocialist

Vote for taft this time you can vote for Bryan anytime

Taft as president

Teddy was all about the middle road b/w individualism and collectivism

But Taft was more of the Trustbuster

Poor job of judging public opinion - not the showmaster that Teddy was.

Taft as a Trustbuster

1911 the Supreme Court ordered the dissolution of the Standard Oil Company (it had bought up a smaller Pa. Mine) because it violated the Sherman Anti-Trust act

Rule of Reason: only those combinations that “unreasonably” restrained trade were illegal.

This allowed the gov’t to cherry pick which cases to enforce and which ones to ignore

Taft decided to pursue antitrust suit against U.S. Steel Corporation

Taft Splits the Republican Partywanted to lower the tariffA very progressive idea but Sen. Aldrich added all types of revisions

Taft signed the Payne-aldrich bill betraying his campaign promises because this bill did not lower tariffs!

Taft Splits the Republican PartyConservation: Pinchot- Ballinger issue

appointed Sec. of Interior mr. Ballinger. He disaproved of conservationist control and he pulled million acres from reserve list

Pinchot protested - taft fired Pinchot

Republican Party Splits Over These issuesRepublican Progressives vs. Republican Conservatives

Taft supports Joseph Cannon (speaker of the house) who as chairman of House Rules committee controlled bills that came to floor - sometimes he ignored progressive bills

eventually change house rules and speaker of house can’t serve on that commitee anymore

Election of 1912

Bull Moose Party

Teddy is Mad!

Oswatomie, Kansas

Teddy Roosevelt’s “New Nationalism”

urged the nat’l gov’t to increase its power to remedy economic and social abuses

BIG BUSINESS REQUIRES BIG GOV’T

Bull Moose PartyHe’s back!Teddy decides to run for presidency again! This time under the Bull Moose Party

Election of 1912REPUBLICAN PARTY PLATFORM

REPUBLICAN PARTY AND PRESIDENT TAFT

High import tariffs.High import tariffs.Put limitations on female and Put limitations on female and child labor.child labor.Workman’s Compensation Laws.Workman’s Compensation Laws.Against initiative, referendum, Against initiative, referendum, and recall.and recall.Against “bad” trusts.Against “bad” trusts.Creation of a Federal Trade Creation of a Federal Trade Commission.Commission.Stay on the gold standard.Stay on the gold standard.Conservation of natural resources Conservation of natural resources because they because they are finite.are finite.

Election of 1912THE PROGRESSIVE PARTY

PLATFORM

THE BULL MOOSE OR PROGRESSIVE PARTY

Women’s suffrage.Women’s suffrage.Graduated income tax.Graduated income tax.Inheritance tax for the rich.Inheritance tax for the rich.Lower tariffs.Lower tariffs.Limits on campaign spending.Limits on campaign spending.Currency reform.Currency reform.Minimum wage laws.Minimum wage laws.Social insurance.Social insurance.Abolition of child labor.Abolition of child labor.Workmen’s compensation.Workmen’s compensation.

NEW NATIONALISM

Election of 1912

THE SOCIALIST PARTYEUGENE V. DEBS

Government ownership of railroads and utilities.Government ownership of railroads and utilities.Guaranteed income tax.Guaranteed income tax.No tariffs.No tariffs.8-hour work day.8-hour work day.Better housing.Better housing.Government inspection of factories.Government inspection of factories.Women’s suffrage.Women’s suffrage.

SOCIALIST PARTY PLATFORM

Election of 1912

THE DEMOCRATIC PARTYWOODROW WILSON

Government control of the monopolies Government control of the monopolies trusts in general were bad trusts in general were bad eliminate them!! eliminate them!!Tariff reduction.Tariff reduction.One-term President.One-term President.Direct election of Senators.Direct election of Senators.Create a Department of Labor.Create a Department of Labor.Strengthen the Sherman Anti-Trust Act.Strengthen the Sherman Anti-Trust Act.Did NOT support women’s suffrage.Did NOT support women’s suffrage.Opposed to a central bank.Opposed to a central bank.

DEMOCRATIC PARTY PLATFORM

NEW FREEDOM

THE ELECTION OF 1912THE ISSUES

1912 BALLOT

By 1912, 100,000 fewer people had voted forBy 1912, 100,000 fewer people had voted forWilson than had voted for Bryan in 1908.Wilson than had voted for Bryan in 1908.

The 1912 election marked the apogee of theThe 1912 election marked the apogee of theSocialist movement in America.Socialist movement in America.

Woodrow Wilson wins the Election of 1912

significant

17.5 Wilson’s New Freedom

Financial Reforms

LIke Roosevelt, Wilson claimed Progressive ideals but had different idea of the Federal gov’t.

Believed attacking large concentrations of power gave average citizen greater freedom (except civil rights- he was a racist)

New Freedom

attack triple wall of privelage

the trusts

tariffs

high finance

5 large financial reforms

Financial ReformsClayton anti-trust act of 1914

strenghtens sherman antitrust act of 1890

Co. can’t get stock of another Co. if creates monopoly - offices of Co. prosecuted

Magna Carta of Labor Unions

Labor unions adn farm unions can exist AND are subject to same antitrust laws

strikes now legal

Financial ReformsFederal Trade Commission (FTC)

Watchdog agency given power to investigate possible violations of regulatory statues

require reports from corporations

New Tax SystemWilson pushes for lower tariffs

Underwood Act of 1913

reduces tariff

used bully pulpit to tell voters to watch how representatives vote on this issue

it passed - tariffs lowered significantly!

Financial Reform

Federal income tax

16th amendment - federal income tax

today it is the main source of federal revenue

Finanical Reform

Federal Reserve System

decentralized banking system into 12 districts and estb. regional central bank within each district - they become the banker’s bank

now federal reserve sys could tweak system of money supply through these banks

Financial Reforms

http://www.icue.com/portal/site/iCue/chapter/?vgnextchannel=093a2ef11ac65110VgnVCM100000a7c3d240RCRD&chapterchannel=75f078fd108eb110VgnVCM10000075c1d240RCRD

Women win suffrage

19th amendment

Susan B Anthony and Carrie Chatman Catt

Want to know the Real History?.......

Women win suffrage

• The women were innocent and defenseless, but they were jailednonetheless for picketing the White House, carrying signs asking for the vote.

And by the end of the night, they were barely alive.

• Forty prison guards wielding clubs and their warden's blessingwent on a rampage against the 33 women wrongly convicted of 'obstructing sidewalk traffic.”

Women win suffrage

• They beat Lucy Burns, chained her hands to the cell bars above her head and left her hanging for the night, bleeding and gasping for air.

Women win suffrage

• They hurled Dora Lewis into a dark cell, smashed her head against an iron bed and knocked her out cold.

• Her cellmate,Alice Cosu, thought Lewis was dead and suffered a heart attack.

• Additional affidavits describe the guards grabbing, dragging,beating, choking, slamming, pinching, twisting and kicking the women.

Thus unfolded the 'Night of Terror' on Nov. 15, 1917,when the warden at the Occoquan Workhouse in Virginia ordered his guards to teach a lesson to the suffragists imprisoned there because they dared to picket Woodrow Wilson's White House for the right to vote.

Women win suffrage• For weeks, the women's

only water came from an open pail. Their food--all of it colorless slop--was infested with worms.

• When one of the leaders, Alice Paul, embarked on a hunger strike, they tied her to a chair, forced a tube down her throat and poured liquid into her until she vomited. She was tortured like this for weeks until word was smuggled out to the press.

Wilson and Civil Rightsno federal anti-lynching law here....

federal offices which had been desegregated under Reconstruction are now segregated again

Movie:Birth of a nation

Review

• Make a three columns headed as follows:

• Teddy Roosevelt Howard Taft Woodrow Wilson

• Republican Republican Democrat

Review• Place the following items under the proper presidential heading and column1.New Freedom2.Elkins Act3.16th Amendment4.bull Moose Party5.17th Amendment6.Square Deal7.Payne Aldrich Tariff8.Hepburn Act9.Federal Reserve10.Pure Food and Drug Act11.Interstate Commerce Commission12.Federal Trade Commission13.Underwood Tariff of 191314.Meat Inspection Act15.Conservatism16.19th Amendment