the reformation in england the german lutherans in the holy roman empire were not the only group to...
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THE REFORMATION IN
ENGLAND
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The German Lutherans in
the Holy Roman Empire were not the only group to break away
from the Catholic
Church and form their own
religion Another threat to Church authority would soon come
from England
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Unlike the devout Martin
Luther, the English man who broke away from the Church did so for political and personal reasons, NOT
spiritual reasons
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Henry VIII (the 8th) was the king of England from 1509 to 1547
For much of his reign, Henry supported the Catholic Church, but
political needs would test his religious loyalty
Like all kings, Henry wants a son to inherit
the crown after he dies
The problem? He only has one daughter
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Henry knew that his 42 year old wife Catherine
would not be having any more children
He needs a son, so he wants to divorce
Catherine and marry a younger queen
The problem is that divorce is not
permitted in the Catholic Church, which
Henry is a part of
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Henry asked the Pope to annul (eliminate or set aside) his marriage
to Catherine
The Pope refused
Henry still needed a legitimate son from a
legitimate marriage to inherit the kingship (an illegitimate son from a girlfriend or mistress would not be able to become king legally)
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Henry called a meeting of England’s
government (the Parliament)
He asked Parliament to pass laws that
would end the Pope’s power in England
This meeting would be called the Reformation
Parliament
Henry married Anne Boleyn in secret; Parliament then made his divorce from Catherine legal and
made England’s break from the Pope official
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With the Act of Supremacy, King Henry VIII cut all ties
to the Catholic Church
He became the official head of the new Church
of England
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The practices of the Church of England and the Catholic Church were nearly identical
There were two major differences between the two Churches; one,
divorce is legal in England
Second, the king, not the Pope, is the head of England’s Church
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RESULTS OF HENRY’S ACTIONS
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HENRY’S SIX WIVES
divorced
executed died
divorced
executed survived
One result is that Henry was free to marry, divorce, and
remarry as he pleased
Before he died in 1547, Henry would
marry six different women
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HENRY’S THREE CHILDREN
EDWARD IV MARY I ELIZABETH I
Only three children came from those six marriages; all three children would rule
England at different times
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Henry’s only son, Edward, came from his third wife, Jane
Seymour
Edward was a sickly boy who became king at age 9; he
would die at age 15
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When her younger half-brother Edward died, Mary became
queen
Mary was Catholic and ordered that
England once again become a Catholic
country
By now, the Church of England was established, so Mary met with
resistance
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Anyone who resisted paid the price: Mary ordered thousands of Protestants executed by beheading, burning,
and drawing and quartering
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All of this earned Queen Mary the
nickname “Bloody Mary”
Mary’s actions would create
bitterness between Protestants and
Catholics in England for a long time
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When her older half-sister Mary dies, Henry’s daughter Elizabeth
becomes queen of EnglandElizabeth was a wise
ruler: she brought the Protestant faith back to England (the
new Anglican Church), but kept
practices that made both Catholics and Protestants happy
This way, Elizabeth was able to preserve peace in
her country
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Elizabeth may have settled religious
conflicts within her country, but she
would have other problems because
of religionBeing the only
Protestant monarch (and a female, too) in
Europe, Elizabeth became the target
of Europe’s Catholic kings
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Spain’s Catholic king, Phillip II, wanted to
overthrow Elizabeth and put a Catholic king on
England’s throne
Spain and England went to war in the late
1500s, which resulted in a terrible defeat for
Spain and their Armada
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Henry’s break from the Church had far-reaching
effects on historyHis younger daughter,
Elizabeth, would go on to be one of the greatest
English rulers of all time Her defeat of Spain would lead to England becoming
a major world powerEngland would eventually spread their power to the New World, which would
lead to the founding of America
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Originally created by
Christopher Jaskowiak
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HENRY’S SIX WIVES
divorced
executed died
divorced
executed survived