the reign of terror do now: predict what will next in the french revolution
TRANSCRIPT
The Reign of Terror
Do Now: Predict what will next in the
French Revolution
The Reign of TerrorThe Reign of Terror
I. Monarchy Abolished
A. The French Republic - National Convention1. Suffrage to all male citizens2. Voted to abolish monarchy 3. Declared France a republic
I. Monarchy Abolished
B. Death of the King and Queen1. Louis XVI put on trial as a traitor2. January 21, 1793 - King is beheaded
II. The Convention Defends the Republic
A. Problems:1. Country at war at all sides with Europe2. Vendee Region - priest led peasant rebellion against the government3. Sans-Culottes demanded relief from food shortages and inflation
Sans-culottes depicted by a British Cartoonist
The Republic DefendedThe Republic Defended
• Committees were set up to organize the wartime effort
• Committee of Public Safety – created to carry out the duties of government– Main task was to save
the revolution at home and abroad
– They would later have totalitarian powers
Georges Danton
II. The Convention Defends the Republic
B. Committee of Public Safety1. 12 member committee almost had absolute power2. Prepared France for all out war between rebels in the country and Europe
Marie Antoinette of to trial.
II. The Convention Defends the Republic
C. Robespierre1. Leader of the Committee of Public Safety2. “The Incorruptible”
3. “Terror is only justice prompt, severe and inflexible”4. “Liberty cannot be secured unless criminals lose their heads.”
Maximilien Robespierre
New Name Meaning Time Period
Vendemaire Vintage September 22 – October 21
Brumaire Fog October 22 – November 20
Frimaire Frost November 21 – December 20
Nivose Snow December 21 – January 19
Pluviose Rain January 20 – February 18
Ventose Wind February 19 – March 20
Germinal Budding March 21 – April 19
Floreal Flowers April 20 – May 19
Prairial Meadow May 20 – June 18
Messidor Harvest June 19 – July 18
Thermidor Heat July 19 – August 17
Fructidor Fruit August 18 – September 21
Festival of the Supreme Being
II. The Convention Defends the Republic
D. The Reign of Terror1. 40,000 people were killed2. Guillotine became a symbol of horror3. Reign of Terror consumed its own - July 1794 Robespierre was arrested and executed
III. Reaction and the Directory
A. The Directory1. Moderates gain control2. Constitution of 1795
a. set up a 5 man Directory and a 2 house legislature
b. held power from 1795-1799
III. Reaction and the Directory
B. Problems with the Directory1. Dictatorial2. War with Austria and Great Britain3. Corruption4. Renewed revival of royalist feelings
The Arrest of Robespierre
The Fall of RobespierreThe Fall of Robespierre
• Replaced the worship of “Reason” with the “Cult of the Supreme Being”
• Based on Rousseau’s vision of morality and civic religion
• When more suspicions were proclaimed by Robespierre the Convention began to shout back
• July 17 – 9th of Thermidor – Robespierre was arrested – and executed
End of the TerrorEnd of the Terror
• Winter of 1794 Robespierre began to attack the enrages – extreme Sans-culottes
• Robespierre also turned against other republicans in the Convention – Jacques Danton
• Robespierre accused these men of profiting from the revolution and disloyalty to moral virtue
• All threatened his position• Law of 22 Prairial – tribunal can convict subjects
without substantial evidence
IV. Results of the Revolution
A. Social Reform1. Abolished slavery2. Religious toleration3. Social systems that helped veterans, poor, and widows
B. Nationalism1. Pride in one’s country2. La Marseillaise - national anthem