The RenaissanceThe Renaissance

Europe: 1350-1600Europe: 1350-1600

In this EraIn this Era

►The Gutenberg Press is inventedThe Gutenberg Press is invented First printed work? First printed work?

►The Holy BibleThe Holy Bible

►The philosophy of Christian Humanism The philosophy of Christian Humanism spreads across Europespreads across Europe

►Michelangelo paints roof of the Sistine Michelangelo paints roof of the Sistine Chapel Chapel

►Martin Luther founds the Lutheran Martin Luther founds the Lutheran Church, beginning the Protestant Church, beginning the Protestant ReformationReformation

Important FiguresImportant Figures

► Johannes GutenbergJohannes Gutenberg►Desiderius ErasmusDesiderius Erasmus►Michelangelo BuonarrotiMichelangelo Buonarroti►Leonardo DaVinciLeonardo DaVinci►DonatelloDonatello►RaphaelRaphael

Important Figures (cont)Important Figures (cont)

►Niccolo MachiavelliNiccolo Machiavelli►Dante AlighieriDante Alighieri►Geoffrey ChaucerGeoffrey Chaucer►Martin LutherMartin Luther► John CalvinJohn Calvin►Henry VIII of EnglandHenry VIII of England

RenaissanceRenaissance

►What does the term mean?What does the term mean? RebirthRebirth

►Rebirth of what however?Rebirth of what however? Age of Recovery: the 14Age of Recovery: the 14thth century suffered century suffered

from massive war, the Black Death, from massive war, the Black Death, political instability, decline of church powerpolitical instability, decline of church power

Renewed interest in cultural achievementsRenewed interest in cultural achievements Urban society and a more secular, worldly Urban society and a more secular, worldly

view.view.

Where did it start?Where did it start?

► EnglandEngland► FranceFrance► SpainSpain► United StatesUnited States► ItalyItaly►GermanyGermany►GreeceGreece► PortugalPortugal►HollandHolland

Italy

Yes ItalyYes Italy

►Home to:Home to: The VaticanThe Vatican Pizza and PastaPizza and Pasta MustachesMustaches The ColiseumThe Coliseum The Sistine ChapelThe Sistine Chapel 3 Olympic games 3 Olympic games

(1956 Cortina (1956 Cortina d’ampezzo),1960 d’ampezzo),1960 (Rome), 2006 (Rome), 2006 (Torino)(Torino)

And Italian Plumbers And Italian Plumbers

Why Italy?Why Italy?

►Some believe because it was hit first Some believe because it was hit first and the hardest by the black plague and the hardest by the black plague that it recovered fasterthat it recovered faster

►Others believe the prime location in the Others believe the prime location in the Mediterranean allowed trade to flow Mediterranean allowed trade to flow through Italy like waterthrough Italy like water

►Perhaps it’s Italy’s past as the Roman Perhaps it’s Italy’s past as the Roman Empire and desire to return to Empire and desire to return to greatnessgreatness

RenaissanceRenaissance

► Whatever the reason the impact of the Whatever the reason the impact of the Renaissance was in impossible to ignoreRenaissance was in impossible to ignore

► The Wealthy, who embraced the ideals fully, The Wealthy, who embraced the ideals fully, decorated their homes with the cultural works decorated their homes with the cultural works of the Italian masters. Especially in the citiesof the Italian masters. Especially in the cities

► The common man was able to adore such The common man was able to adore such works from a distance, and with some envy, it works from a distance, and with some envy, it seemed to cause the commoners to work seemed to cause the commoners to work harder to have such things adorning there harder to have such things adorning there homes.homes.

The Italian StatesThe Italian States

►Since Italy never centralized during Since Italy never centralized during the Dark Ages, various city-states the Dark Ages, various city-states filled the vacuum of power in Italyfilled the vacuum of power in Italy

►Three most Influential Three most Influential MilanMilan VeniceVenice FlorenceFlorence

MilanMilan

► Richest city in Northern Richest city in Northern ItalyItaly

► Located along major Located along major trade routes through the trade routes through the AlpsAlps

► The Visconti family ruled The Visconti family ruled as Dukes of Milan as Dukes of Milan through 1447through 1447

► Francesco Sforza, a Francesco Sforza, a mercenary leader, sized mercenary leader, sized control after the last control after the last Visconti died in 1447.Visconti died in 1447.

VeniceVenice

► Unique that it’s road Unique that it’s road system was system was predominately rivers predominately rivers that flow through the that flow through the city.city.

► Ruled by a cartel of Ruled by a cartel of Merchant-aristocratsMerchant-aristocrats

► William Shakespeare William Shakespeare wrote his play “the wrote his play “the Merchant of Venice” Merchant of Venice” that focused on this that focused on this merchant culturemerchant culture

FlorenceFlorence

► Like Venice, Florence Like Venice, Florence was run by a Merchant-was run by a Merchant-Aristocrat cartel.Aristocrat cartel.

► Led a series of Led a series of successful wars against successful wars against their neighborstheir neighbors

► Later Cosimo de Medici Later Cosimo de Medici and the Medici family and the Medici family seized control of the seized control of the city, using their vast city, using their vast wealth.wealth.

Italian WarsItalian Wars

►With the wealth of Italy growing, it was With the wealth of Italy growing, it was only a matter of time before another only a matter of time before another European Power would attempt to European Power would attempt to capture Italy.capture Italy.

►1494-France, under King Charles VIII, 1494-France, under King Charles VIII, was the first to come knocking. was the first to come knocking. Invading and occupying Naples and Invading and occupying Naples and Southern Italy.Southern Italy.

Italian WarsItalian Wars

►The majority of the wealth of Italy lay in The majority of the wealth of Italy lay in the North however, where the Northern the North however, where the Northern states called on Spain and their legendary states called on Spain and their legendary Greed to defend them against France.Greed to defend them against France.

►For 30 years Spain and France fought for For 30 years Spain and France fought for control over Italy.control over Italy.

►May 5 1527-the tide turned in favor of May 5 1527-the tide turned in favor of Spain when mercenaries under the Spain when mercenaries under the command of King Carlos V arrived in command of King Carlos V arrived in RomeRome

End of Italian WarsEnd of Italian Wars

►With the Arrival of Carlos’ With the Arrival of Carlos’ troops/mercenaries in Rome the French troops/mercenaries in Rome the French could no longer compete for Italy and could no longer compete for Italy and Spain/Italy win the war….sort ofSpain/Italy win the war….sort of

►The Mercenaries had not been paid in The Mercenaries had not been paid in months and they were becoming months and they were becoming mutinousmutinous

►The Leader of the Spanish armies The Leader of the Spanish armies answered this call… answered this call…

Spanish General Charles de Spanish General Charles de BourbonBourbon

► In response to the “Money! Money” chant as the In response to the “Money! Money” chant as the mercenaries entered Romemercenaries entered Rome

► ““If you have ever dreamed of pillaging a town If you have ever dreamed of pillaging a town and laying hold of its treasures, here now is one, and laying hold of its treasures, here now is one, the richest of the them all, queen of the world”the richest of the them all, queen of the world”

► The next day the troops burst down the gate and The next day the troops burst down the gate and lay waste to Rome for a solid week.lay waste to Rome for a solid week.

► Church officials were sold into slavery, churches Church officials were sold into slavery, churches and palaces were sacked and looted, many died.and palaces were sacked and looted, many died.

► Again Legendary Greed of the Spaniards Again Legendary Greed of the Spaniards

Statecraft Levels upStatecraft Levels up

►During the era of the Renaissance the During the era of the Renaissance the way governments should rule its way governments should rule its people people

►Political power shifted in practice Political power shifted in practice under the influence of Niccolo under the influence of Niccolo Machiavelli and his work Machiavelli and his work The PrinceThe Prince

MachiavelliMachiavelli

►““The ends justify the means”The ends justify the means”► In essence Machiavelli believed in order In essence Machiavelli believed in order

to acquire and keep political power a to acquire and keep political power a ruler had to abandon morality as a basis ruler had to abandon morality as a basis of analyzing political activity.of analyzing political activity.

►A princes attitude must be based on his A princes attitude must be based on his understanding of Human nature, which understanding of Human nature, which he believed was basically self-centered.he believed was basically self-centered.

MachiavelliMachiavelli

►““One can make this generalization One can make this generalization about men: they are ungrateful, fickle, about men: they are ungrateful, fickle, liars and deceivers, they shun danger liars and deceivers, they shun danger and are greedy for profit. Political and are greedy for profit. Political activity, therefore should not be activity, therefore should not be restricted by moral principals. For the restricted by moral principals. For the sake of the State, he must be willing to sake of the State, he must be willing to let his conscience sleep”let his conscience sleep”

NobilityNobility

►How should one who is noble act?How should one who is noble act?► According to Baldassare Castiglione and his According to Baldassare Castiglione and his

The Book of the CourtierThe Book of the Courtier, the perfect , the perfect Renaissance Noble Renaissance Noble was born not made.was born not made. must have character, grace and talentmust have character, grace and talent Must develop two basic skills: Combat and a Must develop two basic skills: Combat and a

Classical EducationClassical Education Obey a code of conduct, they should not hide Obey a code of conduct, they should not hide

there achievements, but show them with grace.there achievements, but show them with grace.

CommonersCommoners

►Feudalism had slowly declined during Feudalism had slowly declined during the waning days of the Dark Agesthe waning days of the Dark Ages

►Surfs became more and more free as Surfs became more and more free as their wealth increasedtheir wealth increased

►Merchants and Artisans plied their Merchants and Artisans plied their trade in the cities.trade in the cities.

►A new class system developedA new class system developed

Renaissance Class Hierarchy Renaissance Class Hierarchy

► Patricians—Wealthy from trade, industry Patricians—Wealthy from trade, industry and Banking enabled them to dominate and Banking enabled them to dominate their communities economically, socially their communities economically, socially and politicallyand politically

► Burghers—Shopkeepers, artisans, guild Burghers—Shopkeepers, artisans, guild masters and Guild members who provided masters and Guild members who provided services to their communitiesservices to their communities

►Workers/Unemployed– who earned pitiful Workers/Unemployed– who earned pitiful wages working in industry or didn’t work at wages working in industry or didn’t work at all due to circumstance.all due to circumstance.

Family and MarriageFamily and Marriage

►Family gave a great degree of security Family gave a great degree of security to the people of the Renaissance.to the people of the Renaissance.

►Marriages were still arranged by the Marriages were still arranged by the parents, usually to strengthen business parents, usually to strengthen business or family ties. or family ties.

►Dowries were paid by the wife’s family Dowries were paid by the wife’s family to the husbands family and to the husbands family and arrangements were sometimes arrangements were sometimes organized between children who were organized between children who were only 2 or 3 years old. only 2 or 3 years old.