The Revolutionary MovementAn epilogue and a prologue...

Outline• Revolutionary Movement

Pre-requisites of a successful revolutionary movement

• The role of the Ilustrados and PropagandistsTools of Propaganda

• Ideology of RizalAn Interview

• KatipunanIdeology

A Review...

First Propaganda Movement (1860-1872)

• Pedro Peláez, campaigned for the rights of Filipino priests• Peláez brought the case to the Vatican and almost

succeeded if not for an earthquake that cut his career short. The earthquake struck on June 3, 1863, during the feast of Corpus Christi.

• The ideology would be carried by his more militant disciple, José Burgos.

• Demonstrations became a norm in Manila during the 1860s.

• Though no one told who the mastermind was, there were rumors that it was Padre Burgos.

• The death of José Burgos, and the other alleged conspirators, Mariano Gómez and Jacinto Zamora on February 17, 1872, seemingly ended the entire Creole movement.

Second Propaganda Movement (1872–1892)

• Filipino expatriates in Europe formed the Propaganda Movement.

• Through their writings and orations, Marcelo H. del Pilar, Graciano López Jaena and José Rizal sounded the trumpets of Filipino nationalism and brought it to the level of the masses.

• The propagandists mainly aimed for representation of the Philippines in the Cortes Generales, secularization of the clergy, legalization of Spanish and Filipino equality, among others.

What are the Pre-requisites of a Successful

Revolutionary Movement?

The revolutionary mass movement should have the

following features:

• Vehicle for the advancement and intensification of class struggle.• Vehicle in the transmission of the political leadership of the party• Vehicle in establishing the revolutionary front.

Simply put...

• There must be a common ideology to serve as their guide• One leadership to unite the people• Resources (human resources,

financial resources, etc.) to afford them to revolt.

Tools of Propaganda used by Ilustrados and Propagandists

1.   Suggestion (stimulation)

The propagandist tries to stimulate others to accept without challenge his own assertions, or to act as he wants them to do. The idea of using suggestion or stimulation as a propaganda device is that it will lead a public to accept a proposition even though there are not logical grounds for accepting it. The propagandist usually tries to side-step critical reactions from his audience, and therefore suggestion is one of his most important tools

2. The use of hints, insinuations, or indirect

statements.

only a subtler form of suggestion

3. The appeal to the known desires of an audience

Psychologists say that desire is an important factor in belief. Thus some persons may support some unsound economic scheme because they desire an income in their old age. Others will subscribe to some fraudulent “scheme of psychology” in order to improve their “personality.”

4. Use of symbols

It is a concrete representation of air idea, action, or thing.

Ideology of Rizal

Rizal was a dynamic person...

• At first, he was for reform only, and not for revolution. He believed that assimilation is the key to the betterment of the nation.

• When his efforts seemed futile, Rizal’s ideology became revolutionary, as reflected on the change of tone in El Filibusterismo.

• However, Rizal was not for the use of force, he still used his pen to fight against the Spaniards.

• At the end of El Fili, he chose to “kill” Simoun because he did not want to become like the character.

Katipunan

•  The Katipunan was for a long time, best  remembered by school children in Gregorio F. Zaide’s history textbook, for the so-called August 26, 1896 Cry of Balintawak—made momentous and dramatic by the mass  tearing of cedulas personal.

•  But the Katipunan was not just a cry for freedom. It was a national  aspiration made flesh.

Katipunan ideology

• The Katipunan aspired for separation from Spain and was thus a nationalist movement.

• The writings of Bonifacio and Jacinto highlight the nobility of fighting for freedom and against oppression.

• The Katipunan derived several of the other elements of its ideology from the anti-feudal and egalitarian principles of the French Revolution.

• Both Bonifacio and Jacinto were influenced by Rizal and del Pilar, who wrote voluminously on the concepts of democratic government and the rights of man - concepts which provided bases for the reforms they campaigned for. 

 Ang Kartilya ng Katipunan

• Written by Emilio Jacinto• Embodies the

ideology of the Katipunan

Pabalat ng Kartilya ng Katipunan

Kartilya1. Ang buhay na hindi ginugugol sa isang

malaki at banal na kadahilanan ay kahoy na walang lilim, kundi damong makamandag. 

2. Ang gawang magaling na nagbuhat sa paghahambog o pagpipita sa sarili, at hindi talagang nasang gumawa ng kagalingan, ay di kabaitan. 

3. Ang tunay na kabanalan ay ang pagkakawang-gawa, ang pag-ibig sa kapwa at ang isukat ang bawat kilos, gawa't pangungusap sa talagang Katuwiran. 

Kartilya

1. The life that is not spent in the service of a great and noble cause is like a tree without a shade, or like a poisonous weed.

2. The good work that is done out of self-interest and not for its own sake has no merit.

3. True piety consists in doing good to others, in loving one's neighbor and in making right reason the rule for every action, work and word.

4. Maitim man o maputi ang kulay ng balat, lahat ng tao'y magkakapantay; mangyayaring ang isa'y hihigtan sa dunong, sa yaman, sa ganda...; ngunit di mahihigtan sa pagkatao. 

5. Ang may mataas na kalooban, inuuna ang puri kaysa pagpipita sa sarili; ang may hamak na kalooban, inuuna ang pagpipita sa sarili kaysa sa puri. 

6. Sa taong may hiya, salita'y panunumba. 

Kartilya

4. All men are equal whether the color of their skin be white or black. One man may surpass another in wisdom, wealth or beauty, but not in that which makes him a man.

5. The magnanimous man puts honor before self-interest; the mean-spirited man, self-interest before honor.

6. The word of a man of sensibility is as good as an oath.

Kartilya

7. Huwag mong sayangin ang panahon; ang yamang nawala'y mangyayaring magbalik; ngunit panahong nagdaan ay di na muli pang magdadaan. 

8. Ipagtanggol mo ang inaapi; kabakahin ang umaapi. 

9. Ang mga taong matalino'y ang may pag-iingat sa bawat sasabihin; matutong ipaglihim ang dapat ipaglihim. 

Kartilya

7. Do not squander time, for wealth lost may be recovered, but time that has passed you by will not come your way again.

8. Champion the oppressed and defy the oppressor.

9. An intelligent person is one who is careful with one’s words, and knows how to keep a secret.

Kartilya

10. Sa daang matinik ng buhay, lalaki ang siyang patnugot ng asawa at mga anak; kung ang umaakay ay tungo sa sama, ang pagtutunguhan ng inaakay ay kasamaan din. 

11. Ang babae ay huwag mong tingnang isang bagay na libangan lamang, kundi isang katuwang at karamay sa mga kahirapan nitong buhay; gamitin mo nang buong pagpipitagan ang kanyang kahinaan, at alalahanin ang inang pinagbuharan at nag-iwi sa iyong kasanggulan. 

12. Ang di mo ibig gawin sa asawa mo, anak at kapatid, ay huwag mong gagawin sa asawa, anak at kapatid ng iba. 

Kartilya

10. In this hazardous life, it is the father who is the leader of the family; if the one leading is headed towards evil, then those following such leader are led into evil as well.

11. The female person should not be looked upon as a mere object for amusement; but should be treated with respect and be recognized as a partner in this hazardous life; in being with her, remember your mother who gave birth to you in this life. 

12. That which you do not want to be done to your wife, kids or siblings, do not do unto the wife, kids, or siblings of others.

Kartilya

Great and noble is he who, although born in the forest and with no knowledge except that

of his own native tongue, is possessed with good character, is true to his word and mindful of his dignity and honor; a man who does not oppress nor help those who oppress; a man who

loves and looks after the welfare of his country..

Kartilya

-WAKAS-