The Rise and Fall of Napoleon

Rise of Napoleon

● won command of the French

● defeated the Austrians in Italy

● forced them to sign a peace

● gave France control over most of northern Italy.

Rise of Napoleon, 1799~3min

Rise of Napoleon

From General to “Consul”

● British navy destroyed his French fleet near Egypt,

● Napoleon abandoned his army & returned to France.

● Entering Paris in October 1799 to cheering crowds,

● Joined leaders in a coup d'etat against the Directory.

A Republic... with HIM in charge!

● proclaimed a new constitution,

● theoretically establishing a republic;

● dictatorship ● Napoleon = “First

Consul”

Achievements

● Napoleonic Code!● One first goals = to

centralize govt operations. ● school system

– a step toward a public school system open to all children.

● changed the country's financial system– creating the Bank of France

– requiring that every citizen pay taxes.

Getting along with the Church

● Concordat of 1801● negotiated w/ Pope

Pius VII

● acknowledged Catholicism = the religion of the French majority,

● affirmed religious toleration for all.

Defeating Foes of France

● commanded the French forces that defeated both Italy & Austria,

● persuaded Russia to withdraw from the war,

● signed the Treaty of Amiens w/ Britain in March 1802.

Emperor!

● In 1804 Napoleon named himself Emperor of the French

● armies on the road to conquest.

● In October 1805, @ the Battle of Trafalgar● British Admiral Lord Nelson ● defeated the French navy ● removing possibility of a French invasion of Great Britain.

Effects of Napoleonic Domination

● Napoleon controlled most of Europe by 1812

● nationalism

● motivated by resentment about paying taxes to France & sending soldiers to serve in Napoleon's armies,

● helped stir revolts against French rule.

The Continental System

● No trade w/Britain● Russia's decision to

join the movement against Napoleon – by resuming trade w/

Britain in 1811

– signaled the end of the empire.

Revolts across Europe against Napoleon

● 1812 Spaniards● overthrew their French occupiers

● reinstated their old king under a ● system of limited monarchy.● Prussia joined in the revolt against Napoleon

Try to Kick some Russian Butt!

● Napoleon assembled an army of 600,000 soldiers to take on the Russians

● the Russians, however, adopted a "scorched-earth policy."

● Despite the harsh Russian winter, Napoleon delayed bef. ordering a retreat

Fail...

● when the weakened French troops finally did withdraw, the Russians routed them

Defeat of Napoleon

● 1815● Battle of Waterloo (Belgium)● Allied forces defeat Napoleon's army● Napoleon exiled

– 100 days...

Congress of Vienna

● allies who defeated Napoleon redrew the map of Europe,

● forcing France to give up its recently gained territory

● to pay a large indemnity to other countries for war damages.

Balance of Power

Great Britain & Austria joined w/ France in an agreement to resist any further Prussian or Russian territorial expansion, by armed force if necessary.

Territory Distribution

● Prussia gets lots new territories ● Russia gets most of the Polish territory ● Used to belong to Prussia & Austria.

Restoring the Ancien Regime?

● Strong desire to prevent democratic & nationalist revolutions

Restoring the Ancient Regime?

● preservation of territorial boundaries set @ the Congress of Vienna

● exclusion of Napoleon Bonaparte & his heirs from French rule

● prevention of revolutionary movements● King for France installed

– Louis XVIII

– Brother of Louis XVI● Louis XVII killed during Rev.

Concert of Europe

● meetings of alliances

● meetings held to settle international probs. Peaceably

● came to be known as the “Concert of Europe”

Klemens Wenzel von Metternich

● led the Austrian delegation at the Congress of Vienna which divided post-Napoleonic Europe between the major powers

What has the Regents asked about Napoleonic Europe?

The most important of the seven legal codes established by Napoleon was

A. the Religious Code.

B. the Merchant Code.

C. the Foreign Policy Code.

D. the Civil Code.

Promotion within Napoleon’s new bureaucracy was

A. based on location.

B. given to those Napoleon favored, but taken away as soon as they fell out of favor.

C. based on ability only, not rank or birth.

D. designed to benefit the nobility and keep the middle class from obtaining high-ranking positions.

Napoleon’s Continental System was designed to

A. defeat Prussia.

B. stop British trade with Europe.

C. unify Italy.

D. conquer Protestantism.

The French people supported Napoleon Bonaparte because they hoped he would

A. adopt the ideas of the Protestant Reformation

B. provide stability for the nation

C. restore Louis XVI to power

D. end British control of France

Which factors helped cause the defeat of Napoleon during his invasion of Russia?

A. the severe winters and large size of Russia

B. the coalition between the Russian czar and the democratic leaders

C. the many rivers and mountains of Russia

D. the well-trained and well-supplied Russian army

At the Congress of Vienna (1815), the governments of Europe reacted to the French Revolution and the rule of Napoleon by attempting to

A. restore old regimes to power

B. encourage nationalist movements

C. spread the idea of democracy

D. promote the European free-trade zone

One major effect of Napoleon’s rule of France was that it led to

A. an increase in the power of the Roman Catholic Church

B. trade agreements with Great Britain

C. massive emigration to the Americas

D. a restoration of political stability