The Rise of Caesar……and the Fall of Rome

“Veni, Vidi, Vici”I came, I saw, I conquered

The First Triumvirate: Crassus, Pompey, and Caesar rule

Against orders, Caesar and his legions cross the Rubicon River and gain support of the Roman people

Caesar appointed Dictator in 46 B.C.

Caesar appointed Dictator…for life in 44 B.C.

Caesar Reforms Rome

1. Grants Roman citizenship to those in the farthest provinces held by Rome

2. Expands the Senate3. Aids the poor by creating

jobs (ex. constructing public buildings)

4. Starts colonies so people can find and afford land

5. Increases pay for soldiers

Which of Caesar’s reforms do you think is most important to the success of the Roman Empire? Why?

Beware…the Ides of March

Caesar’s murder leads to Civil War The Second Triumvirate: Octavian, Mark

Antony, and Lepidus rule Lepidus retires and Civil War erupts…again Mark Antony falls in love with Queen Cleopatra

of Egypt Antony fights Octavian with a combined force

of his and Cleopatra’s armies Octavian triumphs and rules as Augustus (the

exalted one) in 27 B.C.

Octavian Augustus’ Rule Enter the Pax Romana: The

Roman Peace Organizes the Civil Service:

Pay officials to manage government affairs

Creates the Denarius: Common coin used for trade throughout the Roman Empire

Supports expansion of the Gladiator Games

Government survives Octavian’s death

The Legacy of the Roman Empire Realistic Sculpture and Mosaics Latin as the language of learning Belief that laws apply equally to all All are innocent until proven guilty Government guarantees rights to

all citizens Architecture: the Arch, the Dome,

Concrete (Ex. Extensive network of roads; the Colosseum)

Aqueducts: Channeled fresh water to Roman citizens throughout the Empire

The Colosseum

Aqueducts