The role of the academic and research institutions in The role of the academic and research institutions in undertaking research and developing management undertaking research and developing management strategies to address the climate change impacts on strategies to address the climate change impacts on

fisheries and associated coastal resources:fisheries and associated coastal resources:Examples of some initiatives in the PhilippinesExamples of some initiatives in the Philippines

Michael D. Pido1, Elvira A. Martija2, Maripaz L Perez3, Ruth S.Guzman4, Elen R Basug5 Len R Garces3 and Teresita L Salva1

1Palawan State University, Puerto Princesa City, Philippines2Eastern Visayas State University, Leyte, Philippines

3WorldFish Center, SEARCA Office, Laguna, Philippines4Rizal Technological University, Metro Manila, Philippines

5Philippine Association of Tertiary Level Educational Institutions in Environmental Protection and Management

OutlineOutline

1.1. Context of fisheries management in Context of fisheries management in the Philippinesthe Philippines

2.2. Research undertakings of academic Research undertakings of academic institutions in Region 8institutions in Region 8

3.3. Tandem of academic/research institutions Tandem of academic/research institutions with government agencies with government agencies

4.4. Initiatives of Palawan State University Initiatives of Palawan State University 5.5. Management implicationsManagement implications

Fisheries Management in the PhilippinesFisheries Management in the Philippines

Local government Local government units (LGUs)units (LGUs)

Municipal fisheriesMunicipal fisheriesWithin 15 kmWithin 15 km

Department of Department of AgricultureAgriculture--Bureau of Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Fisheries and Aquatic ResourcesResources

Commercial fisheriesCommercial fisheriesAquacultureAquacultureOutside 15 km Outside 15 km (national waters)(national waters)

Exacerbating Challenge with Climate Change!Exacerbating Challenge with Climate Change!

LoggingLogging Tourism Tourism

FisheriesFisheries

Versus

Critical Fisheries HabitatsCritical Fisheries Habitats

1.1. MangrovesMangroves2.2. SeagrassesSeagrasses3.3. algal bedsalgal beds4.4. coral reefs coral reefs

Photo credit: PCSDSPhoto credit: PCSDS

Photo credit: PCSDSPhoto credit: WWF

Threats to Fisheries and Coastal ResourcesThreats to Fisheries and Coastal Resources

All Photo credits: PCSDS

Fisheries Stakeholders

Academe / research

organizations

Fishing associations

Local communities

Local government units

National government

agencies

Civil society groups

ConsumersVicarious users

Study Sites

Region 2 (Babuyan Channel) - ICRMP

Region 5 (San Miguel Bay) – FSP/FRMP

Region 8 (Sogod Bay) - FRMP

CARAGA (Lanuza Bay) - FISH

OutlineOutline

1.1. Context of fisheries management in the Context of fisheries management in the PhilippinesPhilippines

2.2. Research undertakings of academic Research undertakings of academic institutions in Region 8institutions in Region 8

3.3. Tandem of academic/research institutions Tandem of academic/research institutions with government agencies with government agencies

4.4. Initiatives of Palawan State University IVInitiatives of Palawan State University IV5.5. Management implicationsManagement implications

Documentation of coastal issues/ strategies about climate change

Climate variabilities in coastal areas

unusual heavy rainstyphoon direction shiftincrease in ocean temperaturesea level riseFloodingVulnerability of fisheries

Fisheries Impacts > frequency of harmful algal blooms coral bleaching resulted in decrease in fish catch from 30 tons/year to 26 tons/year.

OutlineOutline

1.1. Context of fisheries management in the Context of fisheries management in the PhilippinesPhilippines

2.2. Research undertakings of academic institutions Research undertakings of academic institutions in Region 8in Region 8

3.3. Tandem of academic/research Tandem of academic/research institutions with government institutions with government agenciesagencies

4.4. Initiatives of Palawan State University IVInitiatives of Palawan State University IV5.5. Management implicationsManagement implications

Participatory Methods

Fisheries Issues IdentifiedIssues Region 2 –

Babuyan   

Channel

Region 5 – San Miguel 

Bay

Region 8 

– Sogod  Bay

Region 13 – Lanuza Bay

Climate 

change√ √ √ √

Overfishing √ √ √ √

Land‐based pollution

√ √ √

Habitat          degradation

√ √ √ √

Problem Tree for San Miguel Bay FisheriesProblem Tree for San Miguel Bay Fisheries

Low Income

Low moral value

Lack of IEC

Handling finance

Fish farmer don’t value

time

Poor past harvest facilities

Inadequate gov’t social

service

Minimal research on Agu fisheries

Sakit na dala ng dayo

mangingisda

Destructive Fishing

Illegal fishing

Multi gear system

Multi gear system

Excessive gathering of

Juvenile

Discard of catch

Bogistic Extraction

Dynamite Fishing

Mangrove cuttin

Coral distribution

Developing beaches into tourist spots

Conversion of mangrove are for

other land

More Plans no funds

No rehab plan

Achievable target w/ timeline

Lack of fund support from

LGU

Conflict Mgt

Costal dev’t

Completion space & gear use in catching fish

Unsustainable support to law enforcement

Encroachment of commercial fisher to municipal water

Continue operations of commercial fisher w/in

SMB

Diminishing ResourcesDeclining Fish Catch

Low Fish Catch / Production

1.No Alternative livelihood

2 - Lack of Education

3 – limited Infrastructure

4 - Population pressure

5 .Overfishing

6 - Siltation

7.Habitat destruction

8. Solid Waste

8 – logistical support of LGU

9 - Resource- use conflicts

10 - Weak law enforcement

12 - Climate change

11. Uncoordinated efforts of LGU

Regulation for by-catch

No unified ordinance

Participatory Systems Appraisal QuadrantParticipatory Systems Appraisal Quadrant

SYMPTOM•Element greatly influenced by other elements

CRITICAL•Accelerator or catalyst

BUFFER•Development activities expected to have little impact

MOTOR/LEVER•active element with predictable impacts

0

Risk Analysis TemplateRisk Analysis TemplateConsequence Level

Likelihood

Minor Moderate Major Extreme

1 2 3 4

Remote 1 1 2 3 4

Unlikely 2 2 4 6 8

Possible 3 3 6 9 12

Likely 4 4 8 12 16

© ESD SUBPROGRAM

Where to intervene?

High priority issue  Region 2 – Babuyan  

Channel

Region 5 – San Miguel 

Bay

Region 8 – Sogod Bay

Region 13 – Lanuza Bay

Climate change √

Governance          constraint

√

Population 

pressure√ √

Weak Policy √

Weak Enforcement √

Limited local government  

support

√

OutlineOutline

1.1. Context of fisheries management in the Context of fisheries management in the PhilippinesPhilippines

2.2. Research undertakings of academic institutions Research undertakings of academic institutions in Region 8in Region 8

3.3. Tandem of academic/research institutions with Tandem of academic/research institutions with government agencies government agencies

4.4. Initiatives of Palawan State Initiatives of Palawan State UniversityUniversity

5.5. Management implicationsManagement implications

Integration of climate change into curriculum

Bachelor degreesGraduate programBasic educationOutreach programs

Habitat protection

bio-fencing

OutlineOutline

1.1. Context of fisheries management in the Context of fisheries management in the PhilippinesPhilippines

2.2. Research undertakings of academic Research undertakings of academic institutions in Region 8institutions in Region 8

3.3. Tandem of academic/research institutions Tandem of academic/research institutions with government agencies with government agencies

4.4. Initiatives of Palawan State University IVInitiatives of Palawan State University IV5.5. Management implicationsManagement implications

Crucial role of academic and research institutions

1. Information dissemination - climate change as important cross-cutting issue

2. generate information about the relationship of climate change and fisheries/coastal management

3. provide science-based recommendations for local government units

4. Develop/undertake relevant measures

Seeing the Bigger PictureSeeing the Bigger Picture

Coastal Ecosystem Goods and Services•Erosion control•Aesthetic beauty•Coastal protection•Fishery habitats•Biodiversity•Food

Threats •pollution•Erosion/sedimentation•Habitat destruction or conversion•Over-harvesting of resources •Climate change•Sea level rise•Uncontrolled development

Negative impacts •Greater poverty and hunger•Loss of biodiversity•Loss of use, non-use and option values•Negative effects on employment and income•More use conflicts

Linkage among climate change fisheries Linkage among climate change fisheries management and sustainable livelihoodsmanagement and sustainable livelihoods

Partnerships with Policy Makers and Politicians!Partnerships with Policy Makers and Politicians!