the role of wellness in buildings
TRANSCRIPT
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Provider #: A022
The Role of Wellness in BuildingsCourse Number HTF16
Credit(s) earned on completion of this course will be reported to AIA CES for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for both AIA members and non‐AIA members are available upon request.
This course is registered with AIA CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner ofhandling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product._______________________________________
Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.
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Current methodologies and practices to design, construct and operate buildings that will exceed code requirements while promoting the wellness of the occupants.
CourseDescription
LearningObjectives
• Show connection between architecture and public wellness, including documentation of recent downward trend in public health.
• Explain the various organizations’ approaches to improving wellness of building occupants.
• Detailed review of design strategies like biophilic design, air and water filtration.• Case studies of healthy building.
At the end of the this course, participants will be able to:
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The Role of Wellness in Buildings
Al LaPera CxA, EMP, LEED AP BD+C, O&M, GGP
Living Building Challenge Ambassador Senior Energy Consultant
September 29, 2016
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Albert Einstein
“Insanity: doing the same thing over and over again and expecting different results. “
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AIALearning Objectives
Show connection between architecture and public wellness, including documentation of recent downward trend in public health.
Case studies of healthy buildings.
Explain the various organizations approaches to improving wellness of building occupants.
Detailed review of design strategies like biophilic design, air and water filtration.
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Vocabulary
Biophilic Design & Biophilic UrbanismBiophilic Design & Biophilic Urbanism BiomimicryBiomimicry
AIA Active Design & Fit CityAIA Active Design & Fit City
ULI Building Healthy PlacesULI Building Healthy Places
Academy of Neuroscienceand ArchitectureAcademy of Neuroscienceand Architecture Green/SustainableGreen/Sustainable
USGBC LEED certification, LEEDAPs, and LEED Cx
USGBC LEED certification, LEEDAPs, and LEED Cx
WELL certification and WELL APs, and WELL Cx
WELL certification and WELL APs, and WELL Cx
Legionnaire’sDiseaseLegionnaire’sDisease
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Whydo we need buildings to
play a role inwellness?
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in our natural & built environment
andhow it impacts us
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Effective strategies built into the city’s
fabric
Infectious Diseases
Codes, planningand
infrastructure
Invisible, pervasive and an inevitable part
of life
Chronic Diseases
Healthy design solutions parallel
sustainable design solutions
Source U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
OVERCROWDING
INADEQUATE SYSTEMS
MAJOR EPIDEMICS
Source U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
Lower Manhattan1910: 114,000 people per sq. mi.2011: 67,000 people per sq. mi.
Garbage • Water • SewerPervasive FilthPolluted Water Supplies
Air/droplet-borne diseases: TBWater-borne diseases: CholeraVector-borne disease: Yellow Fever
100+ Years AgoUrban Conditions
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Infrastructure Interventions
New York’s water system established
Central Park, “ventilation for the working man’s lungs”
Department of Sanitation, started as street-sweeping
New York State Tenement House Act
Subway system opens, allowing expansion
Zoning Ordinance allows light and air into streets
Source: U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
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The ResultsInfectious Disease Rates
BEFOREINFRASTRUCTURE
INTERVENTIONEFFECTIVENESS
REALIZED
AFTERINFRASTRUCTURE
INTERVENTIONEFFECTIVENESS
REALIZEDAND
BEFOREWIDE USE OFANTIBIOTICS
AFTERWIDE USE OFANTIBIOTICS
Source U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
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The Epidemics of Today
Source: U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
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Obesity Among U.S. Adults
Source: U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/data/center
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Obesity Among U.S. Adults
Source: U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/data/center
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Obesity Among U.S. Adults
Source: U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/data/center
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Obesity Among U.S. Adults
Source: U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/data/center
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Obesity Among U.S. Adults
Source: U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/data/center
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Obesity Among U.S. Adults
Source: U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/data/center
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Obesity Among U.S. Adults
Source: U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/data/center
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Obesity Among U.S. Adults
Source: U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/data/center
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Obesity Among U.S. Adults
Source: U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/data/center
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Obesity Among U.S. Adults
Source: U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/data/center
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Diagnosed Diabetes Among U.S. Adults
Source: U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/data/center
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Driving Forces
What is driving the need for Wellness in Design?
Driving Forces
How will we respond?
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Built Environments Today
DESIGN
ACTIVE
Medical Professionals:Most Important Factors Affecting Patient Health
Alarming percentage of doctors NOT making the connection between heath and buildings!
Source: Dodge Data & Analytics
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32%68% 40%60%53%47%
Medical Professionals:
Source: Dodge Data & Analytics
Pediatricians
Alarming percentage of doctors NOT making the connection between heath and buildings!
NO - see no connection between buildings and health
YES - believe that buildings impact patient health
General Practitioners Psychologists & Psychiatrist
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Medical Costs = $147 Billion per year
Source: U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
70%Chronic Diseases
of deaths each year due to
+ + + + +
+ + + + +
• Pediatricians
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Financial Importance of Wellness
Operational Costs
1% Energy
9% Rent & Operations
90% Salary
% Cost
energy
rent & ops
salary
AIA
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City Policy + Implementation
Land Use Mix: Public Parks and Open Spaces
DESIGN
ACTIVE
ULI
http://uli.org/research/centersinitiatives/building-healthy-places-initiative/
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ULI
“…Cycling is the new Golfing…”
“…No Gates, No Golf…”
Academy of Neuroscience for Architecture
http://www.anfarch.org
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Academy of Neuroscience for Architecture
http://www.anfarch.org
“Changes in the environment change the brain, and therefore they change our behavior.”
- Fred Gage
WELL Certification
http://www.wellcertified.com
THE
SEVE
N C
ON
CEP
TS O
F W
ELL
BUIL
DIN
G S
TAN
DAR
D
12.9MILLION
Sq. Ft. Registered
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WELL Building Certification
Silver
100%
0%
Gold
100%
40%
Platinum
100%
80%
LEVEL
PRECONDITIONS
OPTIMIZATIONS
CERTIFICATION LEVELS
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Specific Preconditions and Optimizations
Each feature of WELL is ascribed to the human body systems intended to be benefited
CARDIOVASCULAR
DIGESTIVE
ENDOCRINEIMMUNE
INTEGUMENTARY
MUSCULARNERVOUS
REPRODUCTIVE
RESPIRATORY
SKELETALURINARY
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Integrating Wellness Into A Building
1. Biophilic Design
Views, Sounds, Air Patterns
2. Daylight Harvesting
Circadian Rhythm
3. Clean Air
ASHRAE 62 – Air Quality
4. Clean Water
Legionnaires
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Biophilia Hypothesis
Biophilia, “the urge to affiliate with other forms of life”
- E.O.Wilson (1984)
An attraction to all that is alive and vital; more than just plants, it includes weather, animals.
• windows to nature
• fresh air
• daylight
• green spaces
Solar light is great...
How important are nature’s sounds and seeing natural material?
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Nature promotes positive emotions,
psychological resilience and well-being.
Research shows, pleasant environments
stimulate opioid receptors, so that we
feel a sense of pleasure.
The Science BehindBiophilic Design
Courtesy:
Biophilic Design
Experiment A - involuntary body responses to a variety of environments.
• What is around the next corner?
• Fear• Horizon• Structure
Experiment B - Recovery time of the involuntary systems of the body to stress
Experiment C - How is productivity affected by office design and proximity tonature views?
The body’s involuntary response to Nature
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Biophilic Design
Experiment A
What is around the next corner?
The body’s involuntary response to Nature
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Biophilic Design
Experiment A
• What is around the next corner?
• Fear
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Biophilic Design
Experiment A
• What is around the next corner?
• Fear• Prospect - Horizon
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Biophilic Design
Experiment A
• What is around the next corner?
• Fear• Prospect - Horizon• Refuge - Comforting
The body’s involuntary response to Nature
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The combination of prospect and refuge had the best result!
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Biophilic Design Stress Response TestExperiment B
Patients were exposed to stress and their recovery was monitored with respect to breathing, heart rate, electrical systems, …
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Biophilic Design Stress Response TestExperiment B
• Room with NO view of nature
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Biophilic Design Stress Response TestExperiment B
• Room with NO view of nature• Room with a view
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Biophilic Design Stress Response TestExperiment B
• Room with NO view of nature• Room with a view• Room with a picture/video view of nature
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Biophilic Design Experiment C
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Biophilic Design Other Data
• Hospital: Relative rankings of peoplenear windows had lower symptomsby 15% to 20%
• Processing Center: 6% - 7% improvement
• San Raffaele Hospital Study: 30% reductions in recovery time of bi-polar patients by staging them in the east, with early night
• 2.6 days less in hospital when
naturally lit = 325% ROI
• Hospital in Singapore uses vegetated roof
to restore native species
Courtesy:
Healing Garden CourtyardsDell Children’s Medical Center of Central Texas
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Internal ContextDell Children’s Medical Center of Central Texas
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Why IEQ?Nemours Children’s Hospital of Orlando, Florida
Occupants in high-quality interior environments exhibit
• Increased Sense of Well-Being
• Improved Concentration
• Improved Engagement
• Reduced Stress
Because the Interior Environment Matters
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Betterment to the WorkersDell Children’s Medical Center of Central Texas
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Elements of Biophilic Design
Nature in the Space
1. Visual Connection with Nature
2. Non-visual Connection with Nature
3. Non-rhythmic Sensory Stimuli
4. Access to Thermal & Airflow Variability
5. Presence of Water 6. Dynamic & Diffuse
Daylight 7. Connection with
Natural Systems
Nature of the Space
11. Prospect
12. Refuge
13. Mystery
14. Risk/Peril
Natural Analogues
8. Biomorphic Forms & Patterns
9. Material Connection with Nature
10. Complexity & Order
Courtesy of Terrapin Bright Green
These qualities and others are important for creating spaces that are comfortable and interesting to occupants, as well as conducive to employee productivity, satisfaction, and retention.
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Space VariabilityMotion and Fluidity
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Biophilic DesignVoting
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Psychological Stress Responses
• Emotion / Mood
• Alertness
• Adaptability
• Attention
• Concentration
Cognitive Functionality Creativity
• Logic
• Mental Agility
• Rote / Memory
Physiological Stress Responses• Musculoskeletal• Visual• Respiratory• Endocrine System• Aural• Agility• Alertness
Biophilia Performance MetricsHealth Impacts
Courtesy:
Integrating Wellness Into A Building
1. Biophilic Design
Views, Sounds, Air Patterns
2. Daylight Harvesting
Circadian Rhythm
3. Clean Air
ASHRAE 62 – Air Quality
4. Clean Water
Legionnaires
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Light – Daylight Harvesting
Spatial DaylightAutonomy sDA
Do I have enough light?300 lux for 50% of occ hrs
N
Annual Sun ExposureIs there a glare problem?
1,000 lux for less than 250 occ hr/yr
Average Annual LuxDo I like the light quality
in my space?Circadian Rhythm
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Light
Impacts Circadian Rhythm, which impacts Sleep Cycle, which impacts Melatonin production, which can lead to Cancer, Obesity, …
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Light
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Integrating Wellness Into A Building
1. Biophilic Design
Views, Sounds, Air Patterns
2. Daylight Harvesting
Circadian Rhythm
3. Clean Air
ASHRAE 62 – Air Quality
4. Clean Water
Legionnaires
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Clean Air – Air Quality
If Ambient Air ppm of CO2 is
Set-point can be<350 <1050
If there is more external quality air, the ventilation rate can be lower
Poor Air quality is the cause of:
50,000 premature deaths in the US Annually$150 billion in illness related economic costs$93 billion is headache, fatigue and Sick Building Syndrome related symptoms
Corresponds to1050 15 Cfm per person
Courtesy:
Clean Air –Ventilation
Methods
Ventilation Rate is set by ASHRAE Std 62,
…and adopted as code in most municipalities
62Cfm per
year
to meet code
/CfmCapital Costs
Ventilation RateAir Quality
$
$
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Evolution of ASHRAE 62.1
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Ventilation Rate Procedure
A prescriptiveprocedure in which outdoor air intake rates are determined based on space type/application, occupancy leveland floorarea.
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Ventilation Rate Procedure
4.1 Regional Air QualityMust determine NAAQS
attainment status www.epa.gov
Air cleaning required in some cases of non-attainment
A performancebased procedure in which outdoor air intake rates are determined based on ambient air quality and building interior conditions.
4.2 Local Air QualityConduct observational site
survey to identify local sources of air contaminants
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Ventilation Directly Relates to Energy Consumption
40% of total cooling load at peak design temperature for a typical office building would
be ventilation without energy recovery
Reducing ventilation loads results
in initial cost reduction and
ongoing operation cost reductions.
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Air Quality / BiophiliaBringing Nature Inside
Biofiltration breaks down VOCs and cleans air, which allows lower ventilation rates, reducing costs.
Nedlaw Living Wallswww.naturaire.com
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Air Quality Method
Biofiltration reduces energy demand
by reducing ventilation volume
Electrostatic and Ionization not
allowed for LEED innovation credit
LEED allows IAQ method but must be
cleared in advance
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Air
Courtesy:
Integrating Wellness Into A Building
1. Biophilic Design
Views, Sounds, Air Patterns
2. Daylight Harvesting
Circadian Rhythm
3. Clean Air
ASHRAE 62 – Air Quality
4. Clean Water
Legionnaires
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Water Quality
You can live without electricity.You cannot live without water!
(2 liters/day)
• Number of contaminants is increasing
• Using the same standard for all uses is a waste of resources
• Promoting drinking water
• Legionnaires Disease is still a problem
Courtesy:
After Identified, CDC traced multiple outbreaks dating back to 1947Because it is not a pathogen… CDC has no interest!
Water QualityLegionnaire’s Disease
FloridaNew YorkOhioMassachusetts
History
American Legion ConventionBellevue Stratford HotelPhiladelphia19
76 34 DEAD
221ILL
Rate increases between 2012 - 2013
22%77%
121%40%
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How many people die each year from Legionnaires Disease?
a) none
b) 314
c) 4,001
d) 12,424
Courtesy:
Must be taken in vapor form or aspirated
Water QualityLegionnaire’s Disease
4,000+
cases annually25,000 - 50,000
deaths annually
Too hot for Legionellae to survive
Legionellae multiplication
range, optimum temperature is
37°C
Legionellae can survive but can’t multiply
Too cold for Legionellae to survive
Legionellae can survive but can’t multiply
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Return on Investment
2%6%
92%
Building Costs
Design & Construction
Operations & Maintenance
Personnel
Personnel costs significantly outweigh thecosts for design and construction andoperations andmaintenance
Courtesy:
1. Building Cost @ $200/sfover 10 years = $20/sf/yr
2. Energy Costs = $2.5/sf/yr
3. People Costs = $350/sf/yr
4. People Savings @ 1% improvement = $3.5/sF/yr
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Courtesy:
Nature in the SpaceVisual Connections to Nature
Increased Productivity
299%Return on Investment
Sacramento Municipal Utility District
Courtesy:
WELL Certified ProjectsCBRE HQ – Los Angeles, CA
2013 – 1st WELL Certified Building
Features include:
Goals include:
Air FiltrationSound Damp WallsVOC Free PaintWater PurificationErg FurnitureBiophilic DesignSmart Lighting
+ CreativityReduced AbsenteeismSharpened Focus+ Speed & Accuracy+ Productivity
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Courtesy:
WELL Certified ProjectsTryon Place – Charlotte, NC
Crescent Communities – Little Architects
Features include:
Goals include:
750,000 sqftClean AirClean WaterVOC free paintBiophilic designUFAD – Vent EffectivenessMax. Natural Light
Reduce StressEnhance WellnessQuality of LifeMarket Differentiation+ Human Capital
Courtesy:
WELL Certified ProjectsLYFE Kitchens – multiple locations in CA, IL, CO
WELL Certified Buildings
Features include:
Goals include:
Air FiltrationVOC Free PaintWater PurificationInnovative lightingBiophilic DesignHealthy EntrancesPhoto-Catalytic Coating at high touch points
+ Customer Experience+ Employee Work
Experience
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TLC Engineering for Architecture [email protected]
Courtesy:
Thank you for your attention!
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This concludes The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems Course
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