The Search for Spices

Chapter 2 Section 1

Motivations for Looking “out’

• People wanted spices, cloth• The knowledge of these came from

the interaction during the Crusades.• Italian merchants started the travels

east

Prince Henry the Navigator• A younger son of the king of

Portugal• Had a fascination with travel• Established a school of

Navigation• Promised to Christianize the

Africans if church would help.• Although Prince Henry never

went anywhere, he is largely responsible for the “Age of Exploration.”

Early exploration N

W E

S

Portuguese Advancements

• Cartography• New ships• Training for ship captains and

crews• “A central place for knowledge to

come to”• New “tools”—compass andAstrolabe to plot location

Looking for India and the Moluccas

• The big problems were• Ships not good in the open sea• Going around Africa• Not knowing where they were going

• Bartholomew Dias was first to go around the cape and name it the “Cape of Good Hope.”

• Vasco da Gama was next and made it all the way to Calicut.

• Was a terrible voyage back but money was so good that he went right back.

• The world was now “open.”

Columbus

• Italian, believed he could sail west to reach east

• Spent years looking for a patron (Italy refused, Portugal refused, looked toward Spain.)

• Spain had defeated the Moors so now could afford an extra interest so King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella offered him minimal ships and financing.

The Nina, Pinta, and Santa Maria

How big is this room?

Nina-@50 ftPinta--@56 ft

Santa Maria-58 ft.

THE trip begins

• Aug. 3 1492• Columbus estimated 5000 miles,

it is 25,000 miles• He had to lie to his sailor to keep

them going.• Oct. 12, 1492—land was sighted.

The New World

• Columbus spent several month exploring. One ship sunk, men left behind to establish a settlement.

• (this was the beginning of the end for many native tribes in the area)

• Made 5 trips, did not find the spices, so was a failure. Not until later that he was fully recognized.

Now what?

• Spain would begin the lead in exploration

• Ferdinand and Isabella asked the Pope to divide the globe—Spain gets the western discoveries, Portugal the east.

• A line was drawn on the globe= The Line of Demarcation.

• The Treaty of Tordesillas made it official• Now the race was truly on!!!!

Line of Demarcation

The Next Treaty settled the question…

OH yes,

• An Italian sea captain “journaled” his way into history.

• Amerigo Vespucci wrote of this new land, then, a German mapmaker (Martin Waldseemueller) used the descriptions to publish a map. He called the new land America, after the man who journaled…

“America” -- Waldseemueller’s Map

Ferdinand Magellan

• 1519—5 ships, 300 men• First to go around the world!!!• His trip went 3 years instead of 5

months!!!!• Discovered the “Strait of Magellan”—the

passage through South America• And the first to sail in the Pacific Ocean!!!• But he didn’t make it!! Died in the

Phillipines.

European Exploration Organizer

Reasons to Explore

Control Trade

Columbus Sails West

Portugal Leads

Why did they do it?

What did they

accomplish?

“Big Picture” Results

European Exploration Organizer