General problems of agriculture in Kyrgyzstan

• The fragmentation of land ( instead 460 kolhozesand sovhozes have appeared more than 330 small farms);

• The lack of cash for investment in new equipment and inputs ( interest rate of banks about 18, only Ayil Bank -10 %);

• Deterioration of the rural infrastructure ( including irrigation);

• Poor crop management

Number of agricultural entities in Kyrgyzstan

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Kyrgyz

Republic

323 555 321856 318815 331059 344492

Batken oblast 37819 24988 27228 31312 34644

Jalal-Abad 82820 94958 90473 83956 86408

Ysyk-Kul oblast 25147 25640 28835 29239 30341

Naryn oblast 41294 46156 37271 37115 37635

Osh oblast 65630 64508 66835 71326 75271

Talas oblast 21376 16944 17838 19641 20411

Chui oblast 48294 46709 47893 55977 57213

Bishkek 53 62 73 97 107

Osh 1022 1891 2369 2396 2462

The average acreage under agricultural crops in Kyrgyzstan, thousand ha

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Total area

under all

crops

1128, 8 1160, 3 1169, 6 1145, 7 1159, 2

Wheat 357, 4 392, 3 402, 6 376, 7 377, 4 322, 7

barley 126, 4 135, 3 124, 2 125, 4 123, 3 147, 0

Maize 76, 2 76, 1 78, 9 73, 4 74, 4 94, 8

rice 6, 2 6, 0 6, 3 6, 6 6, 5 7,16

Pulses (

beans)

43, 0 42, 5 41, 0 42, 1 46, 2 49, 2

oats 1, 4 1, 7 1, 4 1, 2 1, 3 0, 872

Rye 0, 1 0, 2 0, 03 0, 03 0, 03 0, 03

triticale 0, 8 0, 566

buckwheat 0, 2 0, 1 0, 1 0, 07 0, 06 0, 043

cotton 34, 8 32, 7 16, 9 26, 7 37, 4 30, 9

Tobacco 5, 9 5, 8 4, 9 4, 1 4, 1 3, 4

Sugar beet 8, 6 - 4, 9 8, 4 8, 1 5, 3

sunflower 56, 9 51, 4 49, 2 43, 0 42, 2 40, 5

Safflower 14, 6 15, 9 15, 9 11, 9 12, 2 13, 5

potato 86, 6 83, 7 87, 2 84, 3 84, 9 81, 5

Melon

crops

6, 0 6, 1 6, 5 7, 3 7, 0 8, 9

Vegetables 42, 1 43, 4 43, 4 41, 9 42, 8 45, 3

Forage 209, 8 219, 1 233, 8 251, 8 257, 2 288, 5

Average yield of main agricultural crops in Kyrgyzstan

Crop Total volume

produced, thousand

tons

Yield, ton/ha Total volume

produced, thousand

tons

Yield, ton/ha

2011 2012

Wheat 799,8 2,1 4 540, 531 1,6 8

barley 233, 8 1,9 2 212, 7 1,45

Rye 130, 3 3,4 3 103, 5 3,45

triticale 1453, 0 1,88 500, 1 0,88

oats 2930, 5 2,1 9 1533, 3 1, 76

Maize 446410, 0 5,90 578294, 1 6,0 2

Pulses 76144, 7 1,65 49233, 0 1,6 4

Rice 19431, 5 2,99 23068, 6 3,1 7

buckwheat 79, 0 1,27 61, 4 1,43

Sunflower 45567, 8 1,08 45857, 6 1,1 2

safflower 10909, 6 0,9 13507 0,91

Cotton 101328, 1 2,72 84735, 2 2,74

tobacco 9917, 7 2,4 2 7434, 6 2,1 8

Sugar beet 158817, 9 19,71 102010, 3 19,2 3

potato 1379222, 7 16, 08 1312699, 3 15,9

Vegetables 820891, 2 18,20 865899, 0 18,11

Melon crops 151589, 0 21,3 3 193264, 9 21,7

Forage grasses 1627155, 0 6,16 1638059, 2 5,7

THE AREA UNDER AGRICULTURAL CROPS

SEED SECTORLegislative and regulatory base

Law of the Kyrgyz Republic "On the Legal Protection of Selection Achievements" in frame of UPOV Convention 1991 accepted by parliament 26 of May 1998 and every other year amend¬mentshave been made to the law

Seed Law with Amendments (1997, 2008)

◦ Article 6 states that everyone has the right to produce seeds, as long as the producers have an agreement with the owners of the variety and acknowledge the breeder's rights.

Law on Plant Quarantine (1998) and the Regulations of 2000. There is also a Law on Pesticides and Plant Protection passed in 2003

ГКСИ

Поддержка сорта и

первичное

семеноводство

Производство семян

высоких репродукций (ССЭ,

СЭ)

Производство элиты

Производство

сертифицированных семян

Обработка и хранение

семян

Производственные посевы фермеров

Селекция растений (местные или

зарубежные сорта)

частные селекционерыИспытание сорта на ООС Испытание сорта на ХПЦ

Регистрация сорта с целью

его охраны

Районирование сорта

Предварительный контроль

(включая первичное

семеноводство)

Регистрация производителей

семянРГСИ -МСВХиПППолевая инспекция

Лицензирование

производства

Грунт контроль

Регистрация торговцев

(импортеров, экспортеров)

семенами и контроль рынка

РСИ ( МСВХиПП)

Маркетинг и реализация

семян

Анализ качества и представление

семян в реализацию

На

ци

он

ал

ьн

ый

С

ов

ет п

о с

емен

ов

од

ств

уЦепочка семеноводства и механизмы ее регулирования

Сер

ти

фи

ка

ци

ясем

ян

Сб

ор

ро

ял

ти

РГСИ

С

А

К

Average volume of seed market in Kyrgyzstan

Crop Acreage under crop in

Kyrgyzstan,thousand ha

Averagesowing/planting

rate ,kg/ha

Total seed needs,

thousand tons

Total volume ,million

Kyrgyz som USD

Wheat 400, 0 220, 0 88, 0 1746, 0 36 ,1

Barley 120,0 200 24, 0 473, 3 9, 8

Maize 80, 0 25, 0 2, 00 290, 4 6, 0

Sugar beet 20, 0 2, 0 0, 040 8, 7 0,180

Sunflower 50, 0 5, 0 0, 250 72, 6 1, 500

Safflower 15, 0 25, 0 0,375 27,2 0, 56

Cotton 30, 0 80 2,400 116, 2 2, 400

Vegetables 43, 0 1210, 0 25, 00

Melons 6, 0 4, 0 24, 0 174, 24 3,60

Alfalfa 170, 0 20, 0 3, 40 210,7 10, 20

Sainfoin 80, 0 100, 0 8, 00 10,4 0, 2

Potato 80, 0 3000, 0 240,0 6000,0 124, 0

Beans 45, 0 100, 0 4,500 217, 80 4, 5

TOTAL

224, 04

The problems of Seed sector

• The seed production in Kyrgyzstan is still based on seed farmsthat are ‘production-oriented’ but lack marketing expertise. Thefarms do not have sufficient ‘identity’ in the market to develop abrand image for their seeds so they remain rather as‘commodity producers’;

• The need for capital investment: Most seed farms are using oldprocessing machines in very poor condition and often exposedto the weather;

• The government is still involved through the provision ofseasonal credits and through purchases made for the state seedreserve;

• There is no revenue from variety use back to the breeder.Given the predominance of small farmers, revenue collection atthe end point will be impossible. Foreign breeders think theycan’t obtain sufficient revenue from such protection due to thelack of a functioning royalty collection system, and the smallsize of the market.

Number of state and private seed farms ( 1997-2010)

Number of seed farms in Kyrgyzstan

year Seed farms , Total State farms Private farms

1991 46 46

1997 119 57 62

1998 147 66 81

1999 175 75 100

2000 175 75 100

2001 174 65 109

2002 184 62 122

2003 207 68 149

2004 223 59 164

2005 151 43 118

2006 183 39 144

2007 183 30 153

2008 188 25 163

2009 188 22 166

Seed farms

Type of

organization

JSC Coops

State

Farms

Private

Farms

Total seed

enteprises

Total by Republic 8 69 22 91 188

Specialization

by crop

cereals cotton Forage

grasses

Potato

and

vegetabl

es

Fruits tobacco Total

Total by

Republic158 16 1 6 6 1 188

Seed farms

:

There is a total of 188 seed farms of which 161 are private and 22 are still linked in some way to public organisations. Elite Seed Farms for producing early generation seed. The seed farms experienced severe disruption during the period of land reform and they are now a much more diverse group of large and small farms. Moreover their production plans cannot be coordinated as they were under the previous centrally-planned system, but they are still the source of all certified seed despite their many difficulties. Only about 50 of the total of 188 registered seed farms are significant producers.

Irrigated arable land in seed farms 1990-2012 (thousand ha)

( тыс.га )229,1

56

102,5 94,577,9

66,447,1 44,4 40

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

220

240

1990г 1995г 2000г 2004г 2005г 2006г 2007г 2008г 2009г

Breeding institutes

• Kyrgyz Crop Research Institute (wheat , barley, maize);

• Kyrgyz Sugar Beet Breeding and Experimental Station (KOSS) (sugar beet);

• Kyrgyz Institute of livestock and pastures (alfalfa, sainfoin, soybean, chick pea, grasses);

• JSC “ MIS “ farm ( wheat, barley, triticale);

• National Academy of Scienceis ( ornamentals and woody species, breeds fruit crops, turf grasses and herbs)

Yield of wheat varieties at official testing

Winter wheat variety Yield, ton/ha %

2008-2010

1 Kyal (standard) 5, 5 100

2 Intensivnya 5, 38 97, 8

3 Tilek 5, 34 97, 1

4 Kairak 5, 34 97, 6

5 Adyr 5, 73 104, 5

6 Asyl 5, 72 101, 1

7 Jamin 5, 62 102,2

8 Ralub 5, 25 95, 5

9 Azibrosh 5, 83 106, 0

10 Zubkov 6, 20 112, 7

11 Petr 5,66 102, 9

12 Vinjett 5, 48 99, 6

13 Nureke 5, 74 104, 4

14 Aliya 5, 77 104, 9

15 Maira 5, 70 103, 6

Average yield of main field crops in Kyrgyzstan

Crop Area, thousand ha

Yield, ton/ha Total yield, thousand tons

2011 2012 2011 2012 2011 2012

wheat 377, 4 324, 9 2,33 1,83 863,2 591, 4

barley 123, 1 149, 4 2,11 1, 56 226, 5 215,0

Maize 74, 3 95, 2 5, 21 6, 01 446, 5 578,4

potato 85, 1 81, 8 16, 08 16, 61 13796 1288,1

vegetables 42, 8 45, 3 18, 82 18,65 867,9 916,4

melons 7, 0 8, 8 21, 62 21, 9 151,6 193,3

Oil crops(sunflower)

51, 8 53, 8 0,85 1,15 44,8 61,870

Sugar beet 8, 0 6,4 19, 7 19,33 161,4 109,1

Fodder grasses

257, 3 263, 6 10, 0 8, 5 2573, 0 2240, 6

Dry beans 44, 0 47, 2 1,75 1, 73 74,7 78,7

The certified wheat seed production of Kyrgyz and foreign varieties

54,0%29,7%

13,3%

1,7%

1,0%

0,3%

Kyrgyz Russian Kazakh German Swedish French

Seed marketing in Issyk-Kul region (2007-2009)

Correlation

Generation

Total:

Pre-bas. basic C1 C2 C3

Produced, tons 226 1472 2526 1579 948

4748

Sold, tons 86 483 1692 630 580

1931

Sold/produced, % 38.1% 32.8% 67.0% 39.9% 61.2% 40.7%

System of seed production in Kyrgyzstan

Elite Seed farms

Seed farms of 1st

category

Seed farms

of 2 nd

category

Prebasic

basic basic

С – 1 С – 1 С – 1 С – 1 С – 1 С – 1

С-2 С-2 С-2 С-2 С-2 С-2 С-2 С-2 С-2 С-2 С-2С-2

Grain producing farms

The average quantity of certified seed produced in 2011, thousand tons

crop needs Certified

Produced % needs

Cereals, including. 112, 0 41, 5 37,0

- wheat 88, 0 37,8 42,9

- barley 24, 0 36,9 15,4

Maize 2,0 0.14 7,0

Pulses ( phaseolus beans) 2,4 - -

Technical crops , including

- sugar beet 0, 040 0,005 12, 5

- tobacco 0,005 - -

- cotton 2,4 1,320 55, 0

Oil crops

- sunflower 0,250 - -

- safflower 0,375 0, 080 21, 3

potato 240, 0 1,9 0,8

Perennial grasses (alfalfa) 3, 40 0,6 2, 5

Melons (тонн) 24, 0 - -

Sapling of fruit and berry (million

unit))

2,520 0,128 5,0

(thousand

tons)

Seed production of wheat by generation

Generation Actual production in 2010-11,

tons

Needs in seed,

Tons

Total: 41476 140498

Breeder’s nurseries 10 8

Pre-basic 149 112

Basic 1423 1277

C1 4085 15345

C2 35909 123746

Cost and profitability of wheat seed production

Operation Cost Cost share , %

generation

KGS USD basic C1 C2

Total field operations 11250 231, 9 41, 3 44, 45 42, 3

Seed Basic 6000 124,6 20, 5

C1 4000 82, 4 14, 7

C2 3400 70, 1 12, 7

Fertilizer 4000 82, 5 13, 7 14, 8 15, 0

Chemicals 1500 30, 1 5, 1 5, 5 5, 7

Certification 1000 20, 6 3, 4 3, 7 3, 75

Marketing 500 10, 3 1, 8 1, 85 1, 8

Tax and social payment, rent payments: 5000 103, 0 17, 2 18, 3 18, 7

100, 0 100, 0 100, 0

Total KGS 29250 27250 26650

USD

603, 0 561, 8 549, 5

Profitability, % 103 48 28

The quantity of agricultural machines in Seed farms of Kyrgyzstan by January 1 st, 2011

№ п/п

Type of machine Quantity, units Including used machinerymore than 20 years

1 Tractor ( 80-150 HP) 1252 1205

2 Grain harvester 337 309

3 Track 667 651

4 Seed cleaning machines 277 237

5 Treatment machines 79 71

6 Sprayer 135 117

7 Plough 459 428

8 Seeder 340 280

9 Grain mover 19 19

10 Interrow cultivator 9 9

11 Potato digger 7 7

12 Potato planter 9 9

Recommendations

An urgent need to adopt a specific seed policy or more focused strategic plans including iden­tifying priority crops and identifying the most efficient breeding methodologies and potential areas for involment of private sector .

The National Seed Council should be reconstituted and made fully operational as soon as possible.

The Government needs to provide further incentives to promote and facilitate investments in renovating seed processing infrastructure and facilities.

It is very important to strengthen the royal­ty collection system to encourage foreign breeders to release their varieties in the country.

Efforts need to attract young staff within the whole seed chain, from breeding to seed production, certification and marketing.

Efforts should be made to promote contract production of seeds for the international trade and thus restore the previous status of the Kyrgyz Republic in this field. Contacts with regional seed organizations should be maintained and strengthened.

Thank you