The ShoahJewish Studies 330 / April 5, 2012

Dr. William Glenn GrayDepartment of History

Karl Lueger

Mayor of Vienna, 1897-1910

France: the Dreyfus affair

1894: Captain Alfred Dreyfus convicted of espionage by military tribunal

1898: evidence of Dreyfus’s innocence discovered

1898: France divided into two camps

Theodor Herzl(1860-1904)

The Jewish State: Attemptat a modern solutionto the Jewish Question (1896)

Julius Streicher(1885-1946)

Title pages of Der Stürmer from 1934

“Hitler – our last hope”

Election results for the NSDAP:

1928 - 2.6%1930 - 18.3%

July 1932 - 37.3%Nov. 1932 - 33.1%

President Hindenburg appoints Adolf Hitler as Chancellor

Jan. 30, 1933:torchlight parades signal

the beginning of a new era

April 1, 1933: the SA organizes a boycott ofJewish-owned businesses

Everyday anti-Semitism: a bench “only for Aryans”

“Jews not permitted in our German forests”

The NSDAP’s newspaper announces the Nuremberg Laws, Sept. 1935

Chart interpreting the Nuremberg Laws(outlines who may

marry whom)

A race politics lesson at a Nazi leadership academy (1935)

Leo Baeck (1873-1956)

President of the Reich Representation of German Jews, 1933-1938

German Jews learn shoemaking (1935)

German Jews learn Spanish (1935)

A rubber-goods store

after “Aryani-zation”

Anti-Semitic outbursts in Vienna (March 1938):Jews forced to clean

streets by hand

Identity card of a German Jew(ca. 1938)

Polish Jews deported from Nuremberg (Oct. 1938)

Ernst vom Rathand his killer,

Herschel Grynszpan(Nov. 7, 1938)

Across Germany, synagogues burnt

to the ground(Nov. 9, 1938)

Kristallnacht in Kassel:The Aftermath(Nov. 10, 1938)

Broken glass (Nov. 10, 1938)

The concentration campat Dachau (est. 1933)

Population in German concentration camps, 1933-39

July 1933 26,700July 1934 8,0001936 5,0001937 8,0001938 24,000

(for a few weeks, 35,000 Jews)1939 22,000 (half criminal, half political)

Confinement of Jews to ghettos in occupied Poland

The yellow star:introduced 1940-41

in Germany & across occupied Europe

The Madagascar Plan:a destination for Europe’s Jews?

The Einsatzgruppenand their victims

The Wannsee Conference,

Jan. 1942

Zyklon-B

Major concentration & extermination camps

Clearing the ghettos

Auschwitz, camp I: “work will make you free”

Auschwitz, camp II: Birkenau(photos taken in Feb. 1945,

immediately after the camp was cleared)

Selections at the railway platform in Birkenau

Shocking discoveries by Allied soldiers, spring 1945

Adolf Eichmann

Dr. Josef Mengele,camp doctor at Auschwitz