Bell Work

Label the diagram with the “layman’s” or

everyday terms we use to talk about our bodies.

(Leave space to label the appropriate medical

terms as we go).

The

Skeletal

System

Standards

13) Label on a skeleton the names of the bones for each of the following, identifying points of attachment:

a. Skull 22 bones (cranium 8, facial 14)

b. Spinal Column/Vertebra 24 with explanation of three parts of a typical vertebra (body, foramen, and processes)

c. Thoracic Cavity

d. Upper extremities: Shoulder girdle, arms, wrist, and hands including long bone processes, and three parts of each finger

e. Lower extremities: hip girdle, legs, ankles, and feet including long bone parts, and parts of toes

Objectives

Watch Crash Video Part 1 of the skeletal system, reviewing

previous lesson.

Label the bones of the axial skeleton and their attachments

(the skull, spinal column, and the rib cage).

Explore related medical terminology associated with possible

complications, diagnostic procedures, and other

characteristics pertaining to the axial bones.

The Axial Skeleton

The axial skeleton is blueand includes the:

skull

vertebral column

sternum

ribs

hyoid bone (or laryngeal)

The Axial Skeleton

Skull

Rib cage

Vertebral column

Are there any bones that

might be confused as to

being part of the axial

skeleton, but are not?

The Skull

(Lateral view)

*Cranium

*Facial bones

What is the

difference?

The Cranium and Facial Bones

(separated)

Skull fractures

Facial fractures

The

Vertebral

Column

(The

Spinal

Column)

Cervical Spine OR C-Spine

C-1 and C-2

https://peperperspective.com/2014/11/20/cellphone-harm-cervical-spine-

stress-and-increase-risk-of-brain-cancer/

What problems are related to posture and smart phone use?

Thoracic Spine OR T-Spine http://omega-rehab.com/2017/04/25/shoulder-pain-thoracic-spine/

AP View

What do you notice about this

thoracic spine x-ray?

What organs do you see?

What organs or bones do you

think you should see but do not?

Can you figure out which

vertebral body is T-12?

This image is “collimated” in,

leaving the rest of the chest

unseen. Why would the image,

which was correctly obtained need to “collimate”?

Lumbar Spine OR L-Spine

Sacrum and Coccyx

Activity

(turn to page 316 in the new book)

Draw and describe the following conditions

related to the spine:

Kyphosis

Lordosis

Scoliosis

Problems with Alignment

Sternum and Rib Cage

12 sets of

Ribs

True,

False,

Floating

What body cavity do the ribs protect?

What do

you notice

about the

floating

ribs?

Why would

we name

the false

ribs such?

Sternum and ribs

Activities

Label and color the worksheets of the skull and spine.

Use various colors to help you distinguish between the terminology.

Click the tab on the class website:

Exploration and Extended Learning of the Axial Skeleton

Exit Ticket

What are the groups of bones within the axial skeleton?

Why is it important to know both the medical terminology and the

layman’s terms of the bones?

Bell Work

Continue working on your skull and

spine diagrams and extended

learning questions.

(If you have not completed your long

bone diagram, do that first).

Standards

13) Label on a skeleton the names of the bones for each of the following, identifying points of attachment:

a. Skull 22 bones (cranium 8, facial 14)

b. Spinal Column/Vertebra 24 with explanation of three parts of a typical vertebra (body, foramen, and processes)

c. Thoracic Cavity

d. Upper extremities: Shoulder girdle, arms, wrist, and hands including long bone processes, and three parts of each finger

e. Lower extremities: hip girdle, legs, ankles, and feet including long bone parts, and parts of toes

Objectives

Identify the bones of the upper and lower extremities as well as their

attachments by examining a model and labeling a diagram.

Compare normal and abnormal imaging of the appendicular skeleton.

Create an acrostic to assist in memorizing the carpal and tarsal

bones.

The Appendicular Skeleton

The appendicular skeleton is beigeand includes

shoulder girdles

arms

wrists

hands and fingers

pelvic girdle

legs

ankles

feet and toes

The Shoulder Girdle

The Scapula and

Humerus

Humerus (upper arm)

Ulna and Radius

(lower arm)

The Humerus,

Radius, and

Ulna

What do we

call this area

where these

three bones

communicate?

The Hand and Fingers

The Hand and Fingers

The Pelvic Girdle

Why do you think the shape of the pelvis

Is different between males and females?

Which is the pediatric pelvis?

Femur, Tibia, and Fibula

Upper Leg Lower Leg

------Patella

The Femur, Tibia, Fibula, and Patella

(Knee joint)

Feet and toes

Feet and toes

With a partner!!

1st Create an acrostic

of the carpal (wrist)

bones to help you

memorize their names

and positions.

You may start with

anyone of them, as

long as you include all

EIGHT in your acrostic.

2nd Create an acrostic of the

SEVEN tarsal (ankle) bones the

same way.

What is an acrostic? Here is an

example they may be familiar to

you:

Order of solving mathematical

equations -

Please Excuse My Dear Aunt Sally

– Parenthesis, Exponents,

Multiplication, Division,

Addition, Subtraction

Individual extended learning…

Continue working on your skull and spine diagrams.

Color and add labels to the hands and feet diagrams

as well.

Complete the exploration activity given on a link from

the class website.

Bell Work

Connective Bone Tissue

Tendons:

From our previous lesson, what do tendons connect together? What do they resemble?

Ligaments:

tough, whitish bands that connect from bone to boneand can withstand heavy stress.

Cartilage:

Acts as cushion between bones; articular cartilage

located on ends of bones and acts as shock

absorber, preventing ends from grinding together

when you move.

Moveable

Bone Joints

-Saddle

-Ball and Socket

-Pivot

-Hinge

-Ellipsoidal/

Condyloid

-Gliding

Immoveable Joints

A fixed joint

between bones

connected by

fibrous tissue (for

example, the

sutures of the skull). At what time did these bones

need to be able to move?

Cartilaginous Joint: the joint space is covered in dense connective tissue

In males this may

shift slightly at

times.

In females this joint

is vital to provide

room during

vaginal childbirth.

ARTHRITIS: ARTHR/O=JOINT ITIS=INFLAMMATION

Signs and symptoms may include: Pain, Stiffness, Swelling, Redness, and Decreased range of motion

Osteoarthritis OSTEO=JOINT

The most common type, wear-and-tear damage to your joint's cartilage — the hard, slick coating on the ends of bones. Enough damage can result in bone grinding directly on bone, which causes pain and restricted movement.

Rheumatoid arthritis

The body's immune system attacks the lining of the joint capsule, a tough membrane that encloses all the joint parts. This lining, known as the synovial membrane, becomes inflamed and swollen. The disease process can eventually destroy cartilage and bone within the joint.

Compare

the types: Treatments

Analgesics (pain meds)

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs)

Counterirritants (menthol type creams)

Corticosteroids (suppresses immune system)Physical Therapy

Surgery

OSTEOPOROSIS Oste/o=bone por/ous= pores in the bone

osis=process/condition

…causes bones to become weak and brittle — so brittle that a fall or even mild stresses like bending over or coughing can cause a fracture.

Your bones are in a constant state of renewal — new bone is made and old bone is broken down. When you're young, your body makes new bone faster than it breaks down old bone and your bone mass increases. Most people reach their peak bone mass by their early 20s. As people age, bone mass is lost faster than it's created.

OSTEOPOROSIS TREATMENT

Bisphosphonates (increases bone density)

Drugs that promote bone growth

Hormone-related therapy (estrogen especially in women after menopause)

Increase of vitamins, calcium

Vertebroplasty or Kyphoplasty(process of injected bone cement into the vertebral bodies to increase height, also this reduces pain from the bone grinding together. (This procedure can be done in surgery or better yet Interventional Radiology)!!!!

A FRACTURE IN THE SPINAL COLUNN

IS CALLED A COMPRESSION FRACTURE

Activity

Go to class website and choose the Range of Motion (ROM) Activity

Make sure to define ALL of the terms including:

The FOUR main types, and

The SIXTEEN movements

Then practice directing and assisting these movements with a partner.

Directed Reading Activity In your group of three choose one of the following

directed reading from the website:

Care Considerations with Patients with Spinal Cord Injuries

Total Knee Replacement and Imaging

Computed Tomography of Facial Fractures

Each person in your group will choose a different

directed reading. You may not do the same one.

After you answer the questions, then go to the Extended

Learning Assignments tab on the class website.

Complete the task for the corresponding professional

journal.