The Southwest and the West

Chapter 2 Lesson 4

Pages 76 - 81

Objectives

Describe how the Pueblo peoples adapted to their environment

Identify the lifeways of other peoples of the Southwest and West

Vocabulary

Adapt – to adjust

Staple – main

Surplus – extra amounts

Adobe – sun-dried bricks made of clay and straw

Hogans – Cone-shaped shelters used by the Navajo

Trade Networks – ways to get goods not available to them

The Southwest

Desert

Mesas, Canyons, Cliffs, and Mountains

Hard place to live

Intense heat followed by bitter winters

Little rain or snowhttp://www.indianscowboys.com/HOP09.gif

Adapting to the Southwest

Hopi and Zuni were able to adapt

Hopi – live in what is today Arizona

Zuni – live in what is today New Mexico

Lived in pueblos built on mesas or on the sides of steep canyons

Adapting continued

Found ways to grow crops: corn, beans, and squash (their Staples)

Found ways to collect water

Would store surplus food

Also, grew cotton – used to make clothes and weave blankets

Navajo

Not Pueblo, but lived in the Southwest

Moved to the Four Corners about A.D. 1025

Were nomadic – began to settle down

Hopi lived with Navajo during a time of drought and taught them how they grew crops

Pueblo Culture

Hopi & ZuniStones & Mud to build pueblosOther tribes used adobe bricks to build housesHopi led by a religious leaderReligion played a strong role in their governmentChiefs (also a religious leader) made rules & carried out punishments

NavajoHomes called hogans: a wooden frame covered in mud or adobeHogans were miles apartMedicine people led ceremoniesMedicine people memorized and sang songs believed to have healing powersOrganized in groups that met every few years

Groups to the West

Area among the mountains, deserts, valleys, forests, and coastal lands that stretch from the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific Ocean

Western Area:PlateauGreat BasinCalifornia cultures

Ways of Life - Shoshone

Great Basin – part of the year

Hunted small animals

Shelters – dry brush

Other time – hunting Buffalo in the mountains: Wyoming

www.legendsofamerica.com

Ways of Life – Nez Perce

Northwest – Columbia Plateau

Today: Idaho, Oregon, & Washington

Food – salmon

While fishing they lived in movable shelters

www.kumeyaay.info

Ways of Life – Chumash

Southern California

Birds, Fish, Acorns

Pacific Ocean – important food source

Dome-shaped shelters covered with tule (TOO-lee)

Tule-tall, flexible plant with a spongy stem

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Trading for Needed Goods

Depended on natural resourcesSome goods they could not find or make themselves, so they created a TRADE NETWORKDid not travel, but would trade with village nearby, who traded with next villageGoods and ideas traveled long distances by this method