Studying Population Size

The spread of what disease is threatening people from Kenya in their reproductive years?Human PopulationQuestionsIs the disease density dependent or density independent?How differently would the disease spread in a developing country as opposed to a developed country?Learning Goals and ActivitiesCompare and contrast gender roles and family planning strategies in developed and developing countries.Describe how countries transition as their population changesList the negative impacts of population growth on the plantDisease Spread activityVideoPowerpointGo over homeworkDeveloped vs. Developing CountriesWomens RoleThere is a strong connection between the level of education and financial independence women have and fertility ratesDevelopedMore education reproductive health and vocational knowledgeMore women at work out of the homeChildren not needed to support the family Children not needed to care for aging familyAverage fertility is lowerDevelopingLess EducationLess women working out of the homeChildren work (farming, gathering, family business)- so more children is helpfulElderly rely on their children for care and supportAverage Fertility is higherPopulation CampaignsDevelopingFertility rates HIGHAccess to food, water, medical care, education DIFFICULTStrategy- REDUCE FERTILITY RATE (less babies/woman)India, Kenya, 1970s ChinaDevelopedFertility Rates LOW (< 2)Growing elderly population w/ no one to care for themLess humans to take over key positions in society- govt, medicine, educationStrategy- RAISE FERTILITY RATES (more babies/woman)Japan, most of Europehttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6P2bsPWCRvMDemographic TransitionThe Demographic TransitionDemographic Transition- a model based on observations and histories of developed countries that describe how population trends occur

Takes about 1-3 generations for the demographic transition to occur in most developed countries The Demographic TransitionStage 1 (preindustrial): high birth and death rate; stable population sizeUS until about 1700

Stage 2 (transitional): death rates decline as hygiene, nutrition, and education improve; high birth rates; fast population growthPopulation could double in less than 30 yrsThe Demographic TransitionStage 3 (industrial): birth rate decreases; birth and death rates become closer to the same level and population starts to stabilize

Stage 4 (post-industrial): birth rate goes below replacement level and population decreases

The Demographic Transition

The demographic transition is a(n):

Untested hypothesisNatural lawModel based on observed patternsInternational lawA country in the second stage of the demographic transition may have all of the follow except:

Increasing agricultural productionImproving healthcare and educationDecreasing population sizeDecreasing death rates

According to the theory of demographic transition, population in Stage 1 tend to:

IncreaseDecreaseRemain the sameBe large

Countries that have entered the third stage of demographic transition are most probably characterized by:

Weak or developing countriesDeath rates that far exceed birth ratesSocietal conditions that favor smaller familiesPopulations with a high proportion of young people

Problems of Rapid Population GrowthResource depletion ex. Shortage of fuel woodAccess to resourcesHabitat destruction/fragmentationStrains on InfrastructureIncreased PollutionBiodiversity LossPublic health issues Contagious DiseaseShortage of Energy resourcesAcceleration of climate changeLack of space for housingLack of arable (farmable) landLack of forest landsAccess to clean waterPolitical ConflictResource DepletionPoor countries rely on wood for fuel for fires to boil water and cook food.The water supply becomes contaminated with diseases such as dysentery, typhoid, and cholera

Access to ResourcesGrowing gap between wealthy and poorWho decides who gets access?What happens to people without access to resources?

DEVELOPEDDEVELOPINGPopulation~1.1 billion~6.1 billion% Global Energy Consumption8713InfrastructureHigh rates of population growth can overwhelming the infrastructure of a communityInfrastructure the basic facilities and services that support a community Examples:

Impacts on LandGrowing populations have a shortage of arable landArable Land- land that can be used to grow crops

Problems of Rapid Growth:Impacts on LandExample: EgyptBecause it is mostly desert, crops must be grown in the Nile River valleyAlso where jobs are located, so people want to live thereAs farmland is cleared for homes, the land that can be used for crops shrinks

Impacts on LandUrbanization- more people live in cities than in rural areasHousing in cities becomes more dense and more costly

Impacts on LandSuburban Sprawl People often find work in cities but move into suburban areas around citiesLeads to traffic jams, inadequate infrastructure, and reduction of land for farming and wildlife

Population CampaignsPopulations Campaigns