the state of power in a maoist state nepal’s micro-hydro development
TRANSCRIPT
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The State of Power in a Maoist State
Nepal’s Micro-Hydro development
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Nepal Energy Stats
• 45,000MW economically feasible hydro potential• 640MW current generation
– Actual 320MW due to operation problems• Demand 720MW > blackout 16 hours/day
– Business standstill– Liquid political period > Interim Plan for 2008-11– Become a model of sustainability
• Interim Plan and MDGs– Reach 55% electrification by 2011– Transmission difficult/costly to remote areas– 1/3rd generation must be off grid
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What’s Happening?
• Microhydro <100KW• Exquisite example of modern/ancient engineering• Potential anywhere there is plentiful water and hills • Utilise kinetic energy of water falling from a height (head)
Power = efficiency x fluid density x gravity x head x volume flow rateP(W) = η(~0.5)ρ(1000)g(9.81)hQMedium to high head > 15m
• Low environmental impact, often positive– No need for large dams
• Sustainable and locally sourced materials• Reliable and low maintenance
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Microhydro solutionOutput: 100KWVillage: WamitaksarDistrict: Gulmi
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Microhydro components
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Microhydro components
Forebay
Penstock
Powerhouse
Spillway
Canal
Weir
Tailrace
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Microhydro components
Powerhouse
Spillway
Canal
Weir
Forebay
Tailrace
Penstock
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Management
• Central>District>Village development
Government of NepalAlternative Energy Promotion Centre AEPC
Energy Sector Assistance Programme ESAP
Rural Economic Development Agency REDARural Energy Development Project REDP
Community
ContractorConsultant Manufacturer Installer
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Installation Stats• 10MW supporting 100,000 homes
– Agriprocessing• Huller/grinder/press
– Lighting• Education
– Manufacturing• Saw mills/sewing machines
– Pumping• Irrigation• Clean water
– Entertainment• Radio/internet
• ~ £1000/KW installed– ~50% grant from government– Rest from bank/developer/local tariff
• 2 year project cycle• Locally sourced materials• Civil works by community
– Ownership
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Benefits
• Education
• New business
• Time management
• Community cohesion
• Farming efficiency
• Health improvements
Social
EconomicEnvironmental
TripleBottom
Line
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Observed Issues
• Sweat Labour
• Health and Safety
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Achievable Improvements
• Site/construction monitoring– Working hours– Labour w/age
• Safety Equipment– Dust masks– Eye protection– Gloves– Steel toecaps
• Maintenance monitoring
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Conclusions
• Micro hydro has great potential to improve living conditions
• Need to address working conditions• Input from UK engineers
– Cultural exchange– Knowledge sharing
• Nepal contact– www.redanepal.org
Office [email protected]
Lila Kharki (Exec) [email protected] Kunwar (BD) [email protected]