the study of history
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The Study of HistoryThe Study of HistoryThe Study of HistoryThe Study of HistoryUnit 1. Introduction to the Study of HistoryUnit 1. Introduction to the Study of History
PH1007 Evolution of the Great CivilizationsCreated by Carmen Zamora
PH1007 Evolution of the Great CivilizationsCreated by Carmen Zamora
What is history?What is history?
• The record of what people have done in the past.
Does this means that if it’s not recorded somehow, its not history?
• Also, history is a methodological study of evidence of the human past.
• The record of what people have done in the past.
Does this means that if it’s not recorded somehow, its not history?
• Also, history is a methodological study of evidence of the human past.
• Historians rely on other disciplines to study the evidence of the past...
• because we cannot fully understand it from only one perspective.
• Historians rely on other disciplines to study the evidence of the past...
• because we cannot fully understand it from only one perspective.
chronologychronology
• Time is linear ...
•for some cultures...
• for others time is actually circular.
• Throughout history, many different ways of measuring the passing of time have been developed.
• Time is linear ...
•for some cultures...
• for others time is actually circular.
• Throughout history, many different ways of measuring the passing of time have been developed.
• Jews and Muslims use lunar calendars to mark their religious celebrations.
• The Chinese calendar counts years according to 60-year periods, which repeat over and over.
• The Maya used a combination of various calendars, but did not count the years.
• We use the Gregorian calendar, which is a solar calendar designed so Easter would coincide with the spring equinox.
• During the French revolution a “republican” calendar replaced the Gregorian one.
• Jews and Muslims use lunar calendars to mark their religious celebrations.
• The Chinese calendar counts years according to 60-year periods, which repeat over and over.
• The Maya used a combination of various calendars, but did not count the years.
• We use the Gregorian calendar, which is a solar calendar designed so Easter would coincide with the spring equinox.
• During the French revolution a “republican” calendar replaced the Gregorian one.
• We divide history into blocks of time (periods or eras), so it’s easier to analyze.
• These blocks vary according to:
culture
geographical regions
historical experiences
• We divide history into blocks of time (periods or eras), so it’s easier to analyze.
• These blocks vary according to:
culture
geographical regions
historical experiences
Periodization of historyPeriodization of history
• B.C. (Before Christ) or B.C.E. (Before the Common Era)?
• B.C. (Before Christ) or B.C.E. (Before the Common Era)?
C.E. - what happened to A.D.?
C.E. - what happened to A.D.?
The Muslim calendar starts to count in the year 622 C.E.
The Muslim calendar starts to count in the year 622 C.E.According to the Jewish calendar, it is the year 5771.
According to the Jewish calendar, it is the year 5771.
Human HistoryHuman History
European perspective
European perspective
AncientAncient Medieval
Medieval
ModernModern Contemp.
Contemp.
AncientAncient Post-classical
Post-classical
ModernModern Contemp
Contemp
Classical
Classical
Early ModernEarly
ModernMesopotamia
Egypt
China
India
Olmec
Mesopotamia
Egypt
China
India
Olmec
Greece
Rome
Han China
Gupta India
Maya
Greece
Rome
Han China
Gupta India
Maya
Muslim
Medieval
Mongol
Aztec
Muslim
Medieval
Mongol
Aztec
Renaissance
Reformation
Explorations
Isolation
Renaissance
Reformation
Explorations
Isolation
Age of Revolutions
Industrial Age
Imperialism
Age of Revolutions
Industrial Age
Imperialism
World War I
World War II
Cold War
New World Order
World War I
World War II
Cold War
New World Order
Global perspective
Global perspective
• Primary sources
• Secondary sources
• Primary sources
• Secondary sources
A Historian’s ToolsA Historian’s Tools