the study of human relationships sociology holt, rinehart and winston journal entry #8 copy and...
TRANSCRIPT
THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPSSOCIOLOGY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
Journal Entry #8Copy AND Answer
May 8, 2012Tuesday
True OR False:1. All societies have school systems.
2. Violence and other criminal activity are not a problem for schools in the United States.
3. Belief systems vary little from religion to religion.
Place H.W. on your desk!1
THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPSSOCIOLOGY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON2
All societies have school systems:
True: All societies formally organize schools because that is the most effective way to pass on norms , values, and skills.
False: Education in small pre-industrial societies takes place within the family, and children learn by participating in adult activities.
THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPSSOCIOLOGY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON3
Violence and other criminal activity are not a problem for schools in the United States.
True: With rare exceptions, American public schools are generally safe institutions of learning for students.
False: School safety is a growing issue of concern in the United States today as a result of several well-publicized incidents of school violence.
THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPSSOCIOLOGY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON4
Belief systems vary little from religion to religion.
True: Human efforts to understand life’s mysteries have always focused on worshiping one or more supreme beings.
False: Religions around the world vary in their forms of worship, beliefs, and practices.
THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPSSOCIOLOGY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
Game Plan for Today:
Go over Chapter 12 Quiz2 QUIZ GRADES
Chapter 14:1The Sociology of Education
Activity 5
THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPSSOCIOLOGY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
UPDATE:
Chapter 14 AND 17 will be combined into
ONE Test AND Notebook Check
6
THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPSSOCIOLOGY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
Focus and Review 11/30
This will be step 1 in a 45 minute- 1 hour long activity in class, you must focus and work diligently
Why are you in school? What are the reasons that school exists?From a sociological perspectiveList using bulleted form
7
THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPSSOCIOLOGY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
Activity Extending Focus and Review
WITH A PARTNER:Review the 3 main perspectives of Sociology.
What are they?
With your partner, attach one of the three philosophies to each of your reasons for being in school.
Share out, help the class complete the chart (popcorn)
8
THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPSSOCIOLOGY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON9
Functionalist Conflict Interactionist
Prepare for everyday life
Dealing with problems Meet new people
It’s the law In order to keep kids out of trouble
Learn social skilla
To get into college Assigning students to schools in their neighborhood
Student-teacher relationships
Prepare for the workforce, especially skilled jobs
Students demeaning others based on wealth
Diversity
Teach future generations
Establish levels of courses- honors vs reg (counselors)
Teaches morals and beliefs
Tracking
Learn social norms To get into college
Threats, detention, BE OBEDIENT!
UNEQUAL ACCESS TO EDUCATION
THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPSSOCIOLOGY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
Now, again add to your focus and review: Brainstorm with your partner what you
consider to be the perfect education system. Make sure you LIST the basic needs you want your education system to meet….at least 5.
10
THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPSSOCIOLOGY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON11
CHAPTER 14
Education and Religion
Section 1: The Sociology of Education
Section 2: The Sociology of Religion
THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPSSOCIOLOGY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON12
Chapter 14: Section 1
The Sociology of Education
THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPSSOCIOLOGY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON13
Objectives:
Explain how the views of functionalist, conflict, and interactionist sociologists differ concerning education.
Identify some of the current issues in American education.
Section 1: The Sociology of Education
THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPSSOCIOLOGY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
Take notes by hand on 10 slides
Slides will have this symbol on them if you need to have that information:
14
THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPSSOCIOLOGY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON15
What is Education??
Consists of the roles and norms that ensure the transmission of knowledge, values, and patterns of behavior from one generation to the next.
THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPSSOCIOLOGY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON16
What is Schooling?
Formal education, which involves instruction by specially trained teachers who follow officially recognized policies.
THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPSSOCIOLOGY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
Did You Know?? The world school has its origins in the Greek word
for leisure. Although school might not feel like a leisure activity, the word’s origins reveal the early history of education. Before industrialization, only the wealthy and some members of the clergy were formally educated. These groups had enough leisure time to devote to study. Modern formal education began to develop after industrialization led to the need to train people for specific jobs and after child labor laws freed children from having to work.
17
THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPSSOCIOLOGY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
?????
What two major events helped contribute to the development of modern education?
Industrialization and child labor laws
18
THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPSSOCIOLOGY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON19
Different sociological perspectives on education
FunctionalistConflictInteractionist
THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPSSOCIOLOGY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
Focus and review One of the views of the conflict perspective is
that opportunities for success in education are distributed unequally.List 4-5 evidences of unequal opportunities in
education and briefly explain why you believe that is an evidence of unequal opportunity.
20
THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPSSOCIOLOGY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON21
Comparing Functionalist, Conflict, and Interactionist Perspectives of
Education
THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPSSOCIOLOGY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON22
Functionalist Perspective: START HERE
Functionalist – schools help maintain the stability and smooth operation of society.Teaching Knowledge and Skills: Core curriculumTransmission of Culture: Patriotism, cooperation,
obeying rules, respecting authority.Social Integration: “Melting Pot” Occupational Placement: Training young people for the
“real world”; College examinations in Japan
Section 1: The Sociology of Education
THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPSSOCIOLOGY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON23
Conflict Perspective:
Conflict – the educational system serves to limit the potential of certain people and groups to gain power and social rewards.Social Control: Goal is to produce cooperative
adult workers who will willingly accept the demands of those in power.Hidden curriculum: transmission by schools of
cultural goals that are NOT openly acknowledged. EX: Be punctual, stand in line, obey authority, etc….
THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPSSOCIOLOGY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON24
Conflict Perspective (cont’d)
Tracking: involves the assignment of students to different types of educational programs, such as general studies, vocational training, and college preparatory studies.Conflict sociologists view tracking as a means by which
the wealthy and powerful maintain their position in society, AND is a method of classroom instruction that focuses on different tracks that serve to maintain the status quo.
THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPSSOCIOLOGY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON25
Conflict Perspective (cont’d)Education and Socioeconomic Status:
Educational achievement appears to be tied strongly to socioeconomic status.EX: Minority groups tend to have less educational
success.Conflict theorists believe that socioeconomic status
affects the following:Expectations families have for child’s
achievementHome environmentPaying for expenses for college
Turn to pg. 355
THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPSSOCIOLOGY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
Case Study: A 2001 Chicago Tribune study examined the
relationship between student achievement and spending per student in about 800 school districts. The results found that spending per student did NOT have a significant effect on student achievement. For example, one school that spent about $5,900 per student had the same percentage of students pass tests – 93% - as a school that spent about $10,600 per student…..continued….26
THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPSSOCIOLOGY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
HOWEVER, a recent study by the Harvard Graduate School of Education did find a link between low income and the development of children below school age. The study examined children from birth to age 3 and found that increases in family income resulted in improved learning and development.
27
THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPSSOCIOLOGY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
Why????
What do you think is the reason
for these results?
28
THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPSSOCIOLOGY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
Focus/Review
Turn to pg. 359Answer #1
A second question:Do you think we should give
parents $$$ to pay for their child to go to private school?
29
THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPSSOCIOLOGY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON30
Interactionist Perspective:
Interactionist – students’ educational achievements and success are shaped in part by teacher-student interactions.Teachers let students know what is expected of
them, and the students perform according to these expectations: self-fulfilling prophecy
THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPSSOCIOLOGY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON31
SECTION 1
The Sociology of Education
• educational reform
•educational alternatives
•violence in the schools
•bilingual education
to address a decline in the level of the quality of education; has
led to some improvements
provides school choice through vouchers, charter schools, and options such as homeschooling
has led to the use of security measures, zero tolerance policies, and conflict-resolution programs
controversial, particularly in states with many Hispanics; has led to “English Only” movement
Current Issues in American Education
THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPSSOCIOLOGY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON32
A few definitions:
1. Charter schools: funded with public money but are privately operated and run.
2. School Choice: Parents may receive a voucher equal to the amount their state spends on education for their child. Parents are then free to use the voucher to pay tuition at the school of their choice – charter, private, religious.
THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPSSOCIOLOGY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
Turn to Page 359 Question #1:
For: They offer innovative approaches to curriculum and teaching , enable students to learn in small-school settings, and have shown rising test scores and graduation rates.
Against: Charter schools have not been operating long enough for test scores and graduation rates to measure success; they serve only a small segment of society, and they offer little more than basic curriculum while taking public school funding.
33
THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPSSOCIOLOGY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
Question #2:
Agree: To provide equal education opportunities and to
ensure adequate educational standards, all schools should operate under the SAME rules and regulations.
Disagree:Private schools do NOT receive government
funding and so should not have to operate under the same rules and regulations that public schools do…..however, does not address issues of charter schools. 34
THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPSSOCIOLOGY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON35
More definitions:
3. Homeschooling:A system in which a child’s main education
is undertaken by parents at home.Score just as high on SAT and attend
college
THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPSSOCIOLOGY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
Why do Parents Prefer Homeschooling? 48.9% Can give child a better education at home. 38.4% Religious reasons 25.6% Poor learning environment at school 16.8% Family reasons 15.1% To develop character/morality 12.1% Object to what school teaches 11.6% School does NOT challenge child 11.5% Other problems with available schools 9.0% Student behavior problems at school 8.2% child has special needs/ disability
1999 study by Department of Education
36
THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPSSOCIOLOGY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON37
AND some more definitions:
4. Zero tolerance:A set of policies created to prevent school
violence.
5. Bilingual education: a system in which non-English-speaking students are taught in their native languages until they are proficient enough in English to attend regular classes.
THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPSSOCIOLOGY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
What are some arguments FOR bilingual education?
38
THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPSSOCIOLOGY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON39
6. “English Only”:Movement that has tried to end bilingual
education by having English declared as the official recognized language.More than 20 states around U.S. have already passed
laws making English their official language!
THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPSSOCIOLOGY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
What are some arguments AGAINST bilingual education (aka for english-only)
40
THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPSSOCIOLOGY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
Continue Waiting for Superman
41
THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPSSOCIOLOGY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
Video: Stupid in Americahttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bx4pN-aiofw
In your F & R book, write down some ideas presented in the video for educational reform.
At the end of the video, I want you to rank these ideas from best to worst, in your opinion.
42
THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPSSOCIOLOGY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON43
The Sociology of Religion
Chapter 14: Section 2
THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPSSOCIOLOGY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON44
Objectives:
Identify the basic societal needs that religion serves.
Describe the distinctive features of religion in American society.
Section 2: The Sociology of Religion
THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPSSOCIOLOGY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
Focus/Review
Sacred objects and practices are those objects and practices that inspire awe, that are considered part of the supernatural world, or that represent the supernatural world.List all sacred objects or practices of any world
religion that you can think of.
45
THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPSSOCIOLOGY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON46
Sacred & Profane at heart of all religions:
Sacred:Anything that is considered to be part of the
supernatural world and that inspires respect and reverence.
Profane:Anything considered to be part of the ordinary world and, thus, common place and familiar.
THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPSSOCIOLOGY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON47
Need some examples???
Cow:Hindu sacredChristian profane
Wafer:Christian sacredHindu profane
THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPSSOCIOLOGY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
The city of Jerusalem in Israel is considered a sacred site in what
three major world religions???
Christianity, Islam, and Judaism
48
THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPSSOCIOLOGY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
What do you think?
According to conflict theorists, what problems might result from 3 major religions sharing a sacred site?
It might lead to tensions and conflict among the different religious groups, which has indeed been the case in Jerusalem.
49
THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPSSOCIOLOGY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON50
What is Religion?? Defined as a system of roles and norms that is
organized around the sacred realm and that binds people together in social groups.
THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPSSOCIOLOGY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON51
Why are sociologists concerned about religion??
They focus on social characteristics of religion and consequences that religion has for society.EX: Functions of religion
THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPSSOCIOLOGY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
What do you think?
What are some functions of religion?
52
THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPSSOCIOLOGY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON53
Functions of Religion
1. Social Cohesion – strengthening of bonds among people; sense of belonging; less suicides.
2. Social Control – encourages conformity to the norms of society; Confession & Communion.
3. Emotional Support – to provide emotional support during difficult times (EX: death)
Section 2: The Sociology of Religion
THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPSSOCIOLOGY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON54
The Nature of Religion:
Rituals & Symbols
Belief Systems
Organizational Structures
THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPSSOCIOLOGY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON55
Rituals & Symbols:
Ritual:Established pattern of behavior through
which a group of believers experiences the sacred.Examples:
Baptisms, weddings, funerals, worship services, etc….
THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPSSOCIOLOGY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON56
Belief Systems:
3 main basic types:
Animism
Theism
Ethicalism
THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPSSOCIOLOGY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON57
THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPSSOCIOLOGY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON58
Animism:
A belief that spirits actively influence human life.EX: Animals, plants, rivers, mountains, wind,
etc….Supernatural forces used to
human advantage.
THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPSSOCIOLOGY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON59
Types of Animism:
1. Shamanism:• Believed that spirits communicate only with one
person in the group, called the shaman.• Shaman can communicate with spirits and heal
the sick, predict the future, and see events happening far away.
THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPSSOCIOLOGY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON60
2. Totemism:• Belief in kinship between humans and animals or natural objects.• Totem is considered sacred• Seen as helpful protectors who watch over the group.
THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPSSOCIOLOGY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON61
Theism:
The belief in a god or gods.Monotheism: belief on ONE god
EX: Judaism, Christianity, Islam.Polytheism: belief in a number of gods.
EX: Hinduism
THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPSSOCIOLOGY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON62
Ethicalism
Based on idea that moral principles have a sacred quality.Involves meditation and purity.
EX: Buddhism
THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPSSOCIOLOGY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON63
Organizational Structures:
4 types:Ecclesia
Denominations
Sects
Cults
THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPSSOCIOLOGY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON64
Ecclesia:
Type of religious organization in which most people in the society are members by virtue of their birth.EX: Islam in Iran
State church, connected with government, have power, do not recognize other religions
THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPSSOCIOLOGY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON65
Denomination:
Well-established religious organization in which a substantial number of the population are members.EX: Baptist, Presbyterian, etc….
Often tolerant, allow for converts
THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPSSOCIOLOGY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON66
Sect:
Relatively small religious organization that typically has split off from a denomination because of differences concerning
beliefs.EX: Jehovah's Witnesses
Often claim exclusive religious truth and often are not tolerant
THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPSSOCIOLOGY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON67
Cult:
New religion whose beliefs and practices differ markedly from those of the society’s major religions. Followers are usually disillusions by traditional
religion and by life in general.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JDiiUkjp0Vw
THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPSSOCIOLOGY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON68
Religion in American Society:
Religious Affiliation
Religious Participation
Fundamentalist Christianity
THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPSSOCIOLOGY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
Identify any religious aspects of this $1 bill:
FYI: The eye is called the Eye of Providence and the Latin motto ‘Annuit Coeptis”’ means “He [God] has favored our undertakings”.
What can you conclude from these religious elements on U.S. currency?
That American society is predominantly and historically Christian.
THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPSSOCIOLOGY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON70
Religious Affiliation
90% of Americans say they believe in God 66%: affiliated with some religious
organization. Most people in U.S. are:
Christians, Muslims, Jewish
Turn to pg. 370
THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPSSOCIOLOGY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON71
Religious Participation:
About 34% attend religious services on a REGULAR basis.
Women, African Americans, and older citizens:More likely to attend church.
Catholics more likely to attend compared to Protestants.
THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPSSOCIOLOGY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON72
Sociologists find it difficult to measure…
Religiosity:The depth of people’s religious feelings
and how they translate these feelings into behavior.
Sociologists believe that American society is becoming more secularReligion is losing its influence in everyday
life in the U.S.
THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPSSOCIOLOGY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON73
What do you think??
Do you think that American society is becoming more secular??
THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPSSOCIOLOGY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON74
Fundamentalist Christianity:
Increasing in U.S. Share a commitment to bringing Jesus
Christ into the lives of all nonbelievers. Believe in “born again” concept.
THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPSSOCIOLOGY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
Let’s Go Over 14:2 Homework:
Pg. 371
AND
Pg. ?
75
THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPSSOCIOLOGY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON76
End of Chapter 14
THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPSSOCIOLOGY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
Homework due Tomorrow:
Pg. 372#1-4 (Understanding Main Ideas)
#1-5 (Thinking Critically)
Pg. 373
(#1-4)
77
THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPSSOCIOLOGY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
Activity Time
78
THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPSSOCIOLOGY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
What’s Next???
Chapter 17:1
Collective Behavior
79