The Survey of Handoff The Survey of Handoff Issues in Wireless Issues in Wireless

ATM(WATM) NetworksATM(WATM) Networks

By. By. P. Victer PaulP. Victer Paul

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AbstractAbstract

ThisThis paperpaper presentspresents thethe literature survey literature survey of WATM and its hand off related issues.The paper of WATM and its hand off related issues.The paper reviews ATM fundamentals andreviews ATM fundamentals andits benefits. It deals with WATM features, requirements, its benefits. It deals with WATM features, requirements, protocol architectures and the globalprotocol architectures and the globalactivities. The focus is made on the handoff related activities. The focus is made on the handoff related aspects of WATM : the handoff managementaspects of WATM : the handoff managementoperation, requirements, protocols, proposed operation, requirements, protocols, proposed solutions and open issues for research.solutions and open issues for research.

ATMATM ATM ATM is a data transport technology that is a data transport technology that

supports a single high-speed infrastructure supports a single high-speed infrastructure for integrated broadband communication for integrated broadband communication involving voice,video and data.involving voice,video and data.

The important features of ATM technology The important features of ATM technology include: short fixed-size packets or include: short fixed-size packets or cells,virtual circuits, and integrated cells,virtual circuits, and integrated services.services.

ATM ProvidesATM Provides

Quality Of Service(QOS)Quality Of Service(QOS) ATM gave rise to Wireless ATM(WATM) ATM gave rise to Wireless ATM(WATM)

networksnetworks It helps to bring multimedia to the desktopIt helps to bring multimedia to the desktop WATM provides similar services to mobile WATM provides similar services to mobile

computers and devicescomputers and devices A solution for next generation personal A solution for next generation personal

communication networks(PCN)communication networks(PCN)

Benefits of ATMBenefits of ATM

High Performance via Hardware switching.High Performance via Hardware switching. Dynamic bandwidth for bursty traffic.Dynamic bandwidth for bursty traffic. Class of service support for multimedia.Class of service support for multimedia. Scalability in speed and network size.Scalability in speed and network size. Common architecture for LAN, MAN and WAN.Common architecture for LAN, MAN and WAN. Opportunity for simplification via Virtual Opportunity for simplification via Virtual

Circuit(VC) architecture.Circuit(VC) architecture. International standard compliance.International standard compliance.

Benefits of ATMBenefits of ATM

Challenges that need to be Challenges that need to be resolved for WATMresolved for WATM

1.1. The allocation of appropriate radio frequency The allocation of appropriate radio frequency bands for broadband.bands for broadband.

2.2. Requirements of new radio technology and Requirements of new radio technology and access methods for highspeed operation.access methods for highspeed operation.

3.3. Location management for tracking mobile Location management for tracking mobile terminals.terminals.

4.4. Dynamic reestablishment of virtual circuits to Dynamic reestablishment of virtual circuits to new access points.new access points.

5.5. End-to-end QoS provisioning.End-to-end QoS provisioning.

WATMWATM

Wireless ATM is an emerging network Wireless ATM is an emerging network technology that combines the multi-technology that combines the multi-service, multimedia capabilities of ATM service, multimedia capabilities of ATM with user mobility and wireless access.with user mobility and wireless access.

The need for the Wireless ATM arose due The need for the Wireless ATM arose due to the sophistication of end-user to the sophistication of end-user telecommunications services and telecommunications services and applications.applications.

WATM Network ArchitechtureWATM Network Architechture

It supports wireless access to It supports wireless access to telecommunication services with a high telecommunication services with a high multimedia content.multimedia content.

It provides atleast limited terminal.It provides atleast limited terminal.

It is deployed well integrated into the ATM It is deployed well integrated into the ATM infrastructure used for fixed infrastructure used for fixed communication ,such that it will not affect communication ,such that it will not affect fixed-only communication.fixed-only communication.

It is implemented in a way that allows It is implemented in a way that allows sharing of key network resources, such as sharing of key network resources, such as transmission links and switches.transmission links and switches.

WATM CharacteristicsWATM Characteristics

Cellular ArchitectureCellular Architecture

Resource AllocationResource Allocation

Mobility ManagementMobility Management

Handoff in Wireless ATM Handoff in Wireless ATM NetworksNetworks

• Initiation:Initiation: It involves handoff decision It involves handoff decision making,where in the need for handoff is making,where in the need for handoff is identified by either MT or network agent.identified by either MT or network agent.

• New Connection generation:New Connection generation: It involves the It involves the generation of new connections which generation of new connections which comprises of finding new resources and comprises of finding new resources and performing additional routing operations.performing additional routing operations.

• Data flow control:Data flow control: It involves data delivery It involves data delivery along new established path with the agreed along new established path with the agreed QoS guarantees.QoS guarantees.

Hand off TypesHand off Types Backward Handoff:Backward Handoff: In this, the handoff is predicted in In this, the handoff is predicted in

advance using radio hint and the execution of handover advance using radio hint and the execution of handover is initiated via current access point.is initiated via current access point.

Forward handoff:Forward handoff: In this, a MT moves abruptly to new In this, a MT moves abruptly to new access point and hand over is initiated after the mobile is access point and hand over is initiated after the mobile is associated with new access point.associated with new access point.

Hard Hand off:Hard Hand off: In this, MT communicates with only one In this, MT communicates with only one access point at anytime. They are characterized by access point at anytime. They are characterized by break before make. The current resources are released break before make. The current resources are released before new resources are used.before new resources are used.

Soft Hand off:Soft Hand off: In this, a mobile can communicate with In this, a mobile can communicate with more than one access points during hand off. They are more than one access points during hand off. They are characterized by make before break. Both current and characterized by make before break. Both current and new resources are used during handover.new resources are used during handover.

Handoff RequirementsHandoff Requirements

1.1. Handoff LatencyHandoff Latency2.2. ScalabilityScalability3.3. Quality of Service (QoS)Quality of Service (QoS)4.4. Signalling TrafficSignalling Traffic5.5. Resource consumption efficiencyResource consumption efficiency6.6. Data IntegrityData Integrity7.7. Group HandoverGroup Handover8.8. Registration and AuthenticationRegistration and Authentication

Handoff ProtocolsHandoff Protocols

Full Connection Re-routingFull Connection Re-routing

Route AugmentationRoute Augmentation

Partial Connection Re-routing (Incremental Partial Connection Re-routing (Incremental Re-establishment)Re-establishment)

Multicast Connection ReroutingMulticast Connection Rerouting

Comparison of handoff Comparison of handoff management approachesmanagement approaches

Handoff management issuesHandoff management issues

QoSQoS

Re-routing connectionsRe-routing connections

Point to multipointPoint to multipoint

Mobile to Mobile handoffMobile to Mobile handoff

OptimizationOptimization

ConclusionConclusion Wireless ATM provides wireless extension to Wireless ATM provides wireless extension to

ATM based ISDN networks. This paper reviews ATM based ISDN networks. This paper reviews the important aspects of wireless ATM and the the important aspects of wireless ATM and the handoff related issues. It reviews the basic handoff related issues. It reviews the basic concepts and benefits of ATM.concepts and benefits of ATM.

Then the important features of WATM, service Then the important features of WATM, service models,protocol model, the key characteristics of models,protocol model, the key characteristics of WATM and the global activities on WATM are WATM and the global activities on WATM are dealt. The paper focusses on the survey of dealt. The paper focusses on the survey of Handoff techniques in WATM and related Handoff techniques in WATM and related issues. The Handoff requirements, various issues. The Handoff requirements, various strategies and open issues are discussed.strategies and open issues are discussed.

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