the synergetics of science and spirituality: action research in the practical integration of tok and...
TRANSCRIPT
The Synergetics of Science and Spirituality:
Action Research in the Practical Integration of TOK and Group
Four
Presented by Lorne Youngto VRA April 21-23, 2006
Why Synergetics?
Why the Synergetics of Science and Spirituality?
Synergy is one of the fundamentalGeneral Principles of the Universeand one of the least understood
Synergy
The whole is greater than the sum of its parts The behaviour of the whole is unpredictable by
knowing the behaviour of the individual parts taken separately. RBF
Corollary: If you know the behaviour of the whole and the behaviour of some of the parts, you may be able to discover some of the others parts. RBF
Examples: 1. Gravity 2. Solar System 3. Salt
General Principles
A generalization in an English or History essay usually means that the material was covered too superficially to be convincing or of much use.
A generalization in Science means a concept, idea, or law that has been found to be true in every case.
For example: Leverage
Buckminster Fuller employed Synergy in many areas
Synergetics of Science and Spirituality
By applying the General Principle of Synergy to Science and Spirituality we can anticipate discovering new, emergent and previously unpredictable behaviours.
We can anticipate discovering previously unknown parts.
This is discovery and one discovery often leads to further discoveries.
TOK What do we know?
How do we know?
Science What do we know?
How do we know?
Brain ResearchLeft and Right Brain
Left Brain
LogicalSequentialRational
AnalyticalObjective
Looks at parts
Right Brain
RandomIntuitiveHolisticSynthesizingSubjectiveLooks at wholes
Two different paradigms, two
different ways of knowing.
Science and Spirituality
Paradigms
The 5 Monkey Experiment
'A new scientific truth does not triumph by convincing its opponents and making them see the light, but rather because its opponents eventually die, and a new generation grows up that is familiar with it.' Max Planck
Two different paradigms
ScienceRational
Logical
Outward looking
Reductionist
Rigorous investigations
Machines, telescopes, lasers, particle accelerators
SpiritualityIntuitive
Faith
Inward looking
Holistic
Insight
No machines only the mind and meditation
Parallels between Scientific methodology and the Left Brain
ScienceRationalLogicOutwardReductionistRigorous investigationsMachines, telescopes, lasers, particle acceleratorsEnergetic
SpiritualityIntuitiveFaithInwardHolistic InsightNo machines, the mind and meditation
Left Brain Rational LogicalSequentialAnalyticalObjectiveReductionist (Looks at parts)Energetic
Right Brain
RandomIntuitiveHolisticSynthesizingSubjectiveLooks at wholes
Philosophy and Methodology of Eastern and Western Cultures
East
the Right Hemisphere
Turned inward
Search for truth through introspection, intuition
Spirituality
West
the Left Hemisphere
Turned outward
Search for truth by reductionism, analysing and through reason
Science
A Brief History and the Main Players
Western ScienceHeraclitusPythagorus Socrates/Plato/AristotleGalileo/CopernicusNewtonEinsteinPlanck/Heisenberg/Schroedinger/Bohr/Pauli/OppenheimerHawkingBohm, Bell, Pribram, AspectBuckminster Fuller
Eastern Science/Spirituality
Siddhartha Gautama-BuddhaLao TzuAshvagandaNagarjunaLodro TayeGen LamrimpaD.T. SuzukiLama GovindaTenzin Gyatso- the 14th Dalai
Lama
Nagarjuna and Buckminster Fuller
Heisenberg and the Dalai Lama
Galileo and D.T. Suzuki
Buddha and David Bohm
Murti and Erwin Schrodinger
Einstein and Lao Tsu
Our Western paradigm
Our Western paradigm tends to be skeptical of the intuitive, inward method and places more value on the scientific method, especially in the areas of describing reality, how the universe and the cosmos works, and our ideas of space, time, matter, energy, and even our consciousness
The concept of Spaceaccording to the Buddha and
EinsteinWho Said What?
“The concept of space, detached from any physical content does not exist”
“If there is only empty space, then space loses its substantiality”
Who said what?Is there any difference?
Buddha and Einstein
Buddha and Einstein lived over 2 thousand years apart and separated by several continents and yet, although they were brought up in different cultures and were schooled in completely different methodology ie Science and Spirituality, they both discovered many of the same truths…the same understanding, the same realizations.
The concept of Spaceaccording to the Buddha and
EinsteinWho Said What?
“The concept of space, detached from any physical content does not exist”
“If there is only empty space, then space loses its substantiality”
The Concept of Time from the Western Scientific Paradigm and the
Western Scientific Paradigm Eternally and always
there is only now, one and the same now; the present is the only thing that has no end.
The past and future are both rolled up in this one moment of now.
Schroedinger DT Suzuki
Paradox from East and West
Everything is held together by being pulled apart.
Be vacant and you will remain full,
Lao TsuBuckminster Fuller
On Truth
EinsteinNagarjuna
Truth is what stands the test of experience
The real meaning of the truth …must be directly experienced
On the Human Experience The true value of a
human being is determined by his liberation from the self.
The perfect man has no self.
Unity and Duality
Unity can only be manifested by the Binary. Unity itself and the idea of Unity are already two.
Unity is plural and at minimum two
Spiritual Traditions
Buddhist, Taoist, Hinduism, Zen, Sufism, (and for that matter Kaballah and Mystical Christianity) do differ in the some of the details of their beliefs BUT they are in general agreement in possibly the most fundamental of all aspects….
…the awareness of the unity and the interrelatedness of all things and events.
Everything is part of the One. Different aspects of the same ultimate reality.
In Taoism it is called the Tao
In Buddhism it is called Dharmakaya
In Hinduism it is called Brahman
Buddhists also call it Tathata or Suchness
“ What is meant by the soul as suchness, is the oneness of the totality of all things, the great all-including whole” Ashvaganda
Everyday Lifeaccording to Eastern Mystics
The Two Truths The two truths doctrine in Buddhism differentiates
between two levels of truth, a commonsense truth, and an "ultimate" truth or between a relative and an absolute truth.
In our everyday existence we are not aware of this unity, but rather see and experience things as separate objects and events.
Mystics understand that this experience is necessary to live in this environment but that it is not the fundamental aspect of reality.
This is an abstraction created by our mind, our intellect.
They would say that these abstractions are illusions (maya).
These illusions are based on ignorance The way to see through the illusion is to
center and train the mind through meditation.
The Sanskrit word for meditation is samadhi or “mental equilibrium”
“Entering into samadhi of purity, one obtains all-penetrating insight that enables one to become conscious of the absolute oneness of the universe.” Ashvagosha
Theory of EmptinessThis view states that all things and events are “empty” of any intrinsic and absolute existence.
They come into being due to the aggregation of multiple causes and conditions.
Their material existence is dependent upon their relationships to other things
"emptiness" is considered to be the ultimate truth of all things and events.
this fundamental truth about the nature of reality is understood best through a language of interdependence and interrelationship of things.
Einsteinian Relativity, Quantum Mechanics and the Theory of
Everything The same notion of oneness and
interconnectedness of all things also emerges as a fundamental concept in atomic science.
This hasn’t always been the case. This is a new revelation (early 20th century) as it goes against the classical, Newtonian-Gallilean, Cartesian, reductionist ideas of reality
Descartes, Galileo and Newton (late 16th-early 17th Centuries)
The model of the universe that they developed dominated and influenced thought for almost 300 years.
The Newtonian, Cartesian, Reductionist Model
or Classical Physics The universe is made
up of separate individual parts that are assembled like the components of a clock.
Hence the term Mechanistic view of the world, and clockwork universe.
By breaking something down into its parts (reductionism) we could understand how the whole worked.
“Cogito ergo sum”I think, therefore I am.
This quote from Descartes identifies man with his mind instead of with his entire being.
The mind is separate from the body and needs to control it
This sets up the internal separation and conflict between consciousness and the body.
This inner split seemed to mirror the outer world with its separate objects and phenomena
This fragmentation, separation, division was then extended to:
-cultures, races and societies, us against them
-the environment: man against nature, our ecological problems
Paradox
This mechanistic paradigm provided great advances in science and technology (we used Newtons equations to put men on the moon) but simultaneously led to serious problems
The 16th Century Paradigms
The world/universe is a machine, a thing All particles separate from everything else Man and nature are separate from each
other Time and Space are absolute, the same
everywhere for everyone
Evolution of the Revolution The end of the 19th century saw the Michelson-Morley experiment
which measured the speed of light. Discovery of the electron (Thompson). The invisible becomes visible
and real. Didn’t make the news at first…it was invisible. Einsteinian Relativity 1905, the Universe is not a thing but a process.
Matter and energy are one: E=mc2
– Time and Space are NOT absolute but are relative– ie NOT THE SAME FOR EVERYONE!!!
Quantum Physics 1910- subatomic particles had no meaning in isolation…they only had meaning in relationship with everything else. They only became real once we observed them.
Planck, Schrondinger, Heisnberg, Bohr, Pauli, Bell, Bohm String Theory, M Theory, 11 Dimensional Universe, Parallel
Universes
Quantum MechanicsHeisenberg Uncertainty Principle
Elementary particles do not exist separate from the measurement made of them.
The position or location of an electron only has a tendency, a potential, a probability to exist in a certain place
Quantum Physics
Found that:
-the tiniest bits of matter were not even matter
(we measure their mass in energy units!!)
-sometimes they were one thing and sometimes something else
-Sometimes they were many possible things all at the same time
Matter and EnergyMatter is energy
“There are no Solids in Universe” (RBF)
“The constituents of atoms are dynamic patterns of energy, which do not exist as isolated entities, but as integral parts of an inseparable network of interactions.” Fritjof Capra
This is the illusion that both Eastern Mystics and High energy physics speak of.
“All phenomena in the world are nothing more but an illusion of the mind and have no reality on their own.”
Einstein or Ashvagonda
Ashvagonda
"Reality is merely an illusion, albeit a very persistent one."
Einstein or Ashvagonda
Einstein
Hopi Indians of North America
Where we would say, "That is a tree," the Hopi would say, "That appears to be a
tree."
Common Sense
If the idea of an objective, independent, solid, real world is wrong, then why does it seem so right?
Einstein, Podolsky, Rosenand Bell’s Theorem
One of the more fascinating ideas to come out of the Quantum physics theory is John Bell’s Theorem and Alain Aspect’s experiment
Bell’s Theorem, Alain Aspects experiment Invisible information
Entaglement
“Both/And” versus “Either/Or”
This is what we see on the screen with the light passing through one slit.
This is the corresponding wave pattern with the light passing through one slit.
This is what we actually see on the screen with the light passing through two slits
This is the actual wave pattern with light passing through two slits.
This golfer graphic reminds us of the reality we are all experiencing, but golf ball interference patterns are unthinkable.
The golfer tries to hit the blue-color tainted golf balls through the slits, where those who get through make two imprint lines.
Electron (Matter) Waves!
Electrons demonstrate Interference. Electrons are Waves?
Even though just one particle is fired at a time, we see interference patterns on the screen. However, we do not see the paths of the particles as in the drawing, but they represent the Feynman explanation for the particle passage through the two slits.
This is the multiple Feynman paths for just one particle from the particle gun to the screen. The explanation requires the particle to pass through all possible paths and thus on the way interfere with itself after passing through the two slits
This is what we actually see at the moment that the photoelectric cell detector is switched on at either of the two slits.
This is the actual wave pattern with light, or individual particles, being detected with photoelectric cells, passing the slits.
"Quantum theory forces us to see the universe not as a collection of physical objects, but rather as a complicated web of relations between the various parts of a unified whole... All (physical) particles are dynamically composed of one another in a self-consistent way, and in that sense can be said to 'contain' one another. In (this theory), the emphasis is on the interaction, or 'interpenetration,' of all particles."
Fritjof Capra
Revolution and New Paradigm
Revolution: from the word revolve, or to go around, return to where it once was, coming around full circle.
New Paradigm: will come as a result of synergy and the integration of the latest experimental results from science with the most ancient spiritual beliefs on the planet, coming around full circle.
Are we on the Verge of a Revolution?
A revolution of the way we understand the Universe and our place in it?
A revolution of how we understand our very consciousness?
A revolution of a new paradigm?
IntegrationEither/Or; Both/And
The misconceptions regarding the contradictions and incompatability between the Scientific Way of Knowing and the Mystic/Spiritual Way of knowing may be a little clearer now.
Both recognize that to understand/perceive reality we need to see that:
1. All phenomena are connected in a web of relationships…(synergy)
2. Every perspective is relative and changed by the observer
3. All things are in process of change and are therefore impermanent
4. Matter and energy are 2 aspects of the same thing, 2 sides of the same coin
Common Sense
If the idea of an objective, independent, solid, real world is wrong, then why does it seem so right?
Incompleteness
Flat earth, round earth Geocentric, heliocentric Our experience is limited But it is useful…Newtonian mechanics is
very useful. Expand our experience to include more
subtle observations…synergy
Change the Paradigm
As our knowledge becomes wider, we must always be prepared…to expect alterations in the point of view best suited for the ordering of our experience.
Neils Bohr
Three examples of areas of practical integration
1. Synergy/Synergetics (wholism) and Energetics (reductionism)
2. Holographic brain, Holographic Universe (science) and the Microcosm/macrocosm of ancient eastern mysticism
3. Magnetic Field Resonance, synergy of East and West
Holograms
A hologram is a 3 dimensional image made from the interference pattern of laser light.
Holograms can be seen from different perspectives.
You can walk around and see different sides of the object, but when you reach for it…it is not there. It is not real …it is a projection of the information stored in the interference pattern.
A Very Famous Hologram
Holograms
Holograms are formed from a phenomenon known as interference.
When 2 waves cross each other, whether they be water waves, sound waves, radio waves or light waves, they will produce interference patterns
By splitting a beam of laser light, and allowing one beam to reflect off an object, and the other to go directly to a photographic film, they will produce an interference pattern (information) that is recorded on the plate.
When you look at the plate all you see are concentric circles of alternating dark and light bands…the interference patterns as you might see in a pond after throwing in a pebble or two.
However, when you shine a laser light through the plate the 3-D image of the object appears in the space above the plate.
The most incredible characteristic of the hologram however is:
If you break the holographic plate, every piece of the plate contains the entire image!!!
The parts are the whole!
Every fragment of the hologram contains all the information of the entire hologram. The parts are the whole!!!
“The Tao gives birth to One. One gives birth to yin and yang. Yin and yang give birth to all things. . . . The complete whole is the complete whole. So also is any part, the complete whole.”
Lao Tzu (c.604-531 B.C.)
The Holographic Brain/MindKarl Pribram
Karl Pribram, neurophysiologist at Standford University, author of Languages and the Brain.
Karl Pribram’s Holographic Brain
Memories can be distributed throughout the brain and not only in specific locations. Every part of the brain could contain all the information to remember an entire memory.
It was believed that there was a one-to-one correspondence between what you saw, what was projected on the retina and what was represented in the brain.
Penfield (engrams) and Eccles Pribram showed that this one-to-one
correspondence was not occurring and that the hologram was definitely a possible explanation. It would explain Lashley’s experiments
Vision is Holographic
Lashley discovered that after removing 90% of a rat’s visual cortex, the rat could still perform tasks that required complex visual acuity.
98% of a cat’s optic nerves could be severed without seriously impairing it’s ability to perform complex visual tasks.
This would be similar to saying that you could enjoy a movie with 98% of the screen missing.
David Hawkins Power Versus Force
The Hidden Determinants of Human Behavior
The proposition that Dr. Hawkins presents in this book is "…the human mind is like a computer terminal connected to a giant database. The database is human consciousness itself… with its roots in the common consciousness of all mankind. …The unlimited information contained in the database has now been shown to be readily available to anyone in a few seconds, at any time and in any place."
David Bohm, physicist at the University of London, protégé of Albert Einstein
The Implicate and Explicate Order
Bohm recognized that there was a level of reality that was underlying and producing the visible, physical reality that we experience daily.
He called this the Implicate Order (hidden order) in his book “Wholeness and the Implicate Order.”
The Explicate Order was the everyday “reality” that we experience
The ink-in-glycerine model for explicate and implicate order. Two concentric cylinders (top view) of unequal size.
The space between the cylinders is filled with glycerine, and a droplet of insoluble ink is placed onto the fluid.
When the outer cylinder is rotated (arrow), the ink droplet will be drawn out into a long thread.
The droplet is drawn out into a thread that eventually becomes so thin that it disappears from view; the ink particles are enfolded into the glycerin.
But if the cylinder is then turned in the opposite direction, the thread-form reappears and re-becomes a droplet; the droplet is unfolded again.
Bohm realized that when the ink was diffused through the glycerin it was not in a state of "disorder" but possessed a hidden, or nonmanifest, order.
What he called the Implicate Order.
Bohm and the Two Truths?
In Bohm's view, “all the separate objects, entities, structures, and events in the visible or explicate world around us are relatively autonomous, stable, and temporary "subtotalities" derived from a deeper, implicate order of unbroken wholeness.” (my emphasis).
Bohm theorized that our brains are smaller pieces of the larger hologram. That our brains contain the whole knowledge of the universe.
The enfolded ink in the glycerin is like the interference pattern (the hidden information) in the hologram
The whole universe as Hologram
Bohm suggests that the whole universe can be thought of as a kind of giant, flowing hologram, or holomovement, in which a “total order is contained, in some implicit sense, in each region of space and time.”
Bohm and the Theory of Emptiness?
“The explicate order is a projection from higher dimensional levels of reality, and the apparent stability and solidity of the objects and entities composing it are generated and sustained by a ceaseless process of enfoldment and unfoldment, for subatomic particles are constantly dissolving into the implicate order and then recrystallizing.”
(my emphasis)
Matter and EnergyMatter is energy
Our brains are our windows of perception.
So, you can see how each mind has a limited perspective of the universal hologram. Our brains are our windows of perception. Each mind always contains the whole picture, but with a limited and unclear perspective.
“We each have different experiences in our lives, but each perspective is valid. Our brains mathematically construct objective reality by interpreting frequencies that are ultimately projections from another dimension, a deeper order of existence that is beyond both space and time.”
Bohm and Pribram
both independently arrived at a holographic model of the universe and the brain
It has been able to explain phenomena as far ranging as:
1. Near death experiences2. Telepathy3. Precognition4. Mystical feeling of oneness with the universe5. Jung’s idea of the collective unconscious and
archetypal experiences
Integration with Eastern Philosophy
This very scientifically based holographic brain and universe concept has a parallel in the Eastern Mystic traditions.
The paradigm of everything being connected to everything else and the idea that the whole is contained in the parts and that the parts are the whole can be found in the many mappings of the body on different parts of the body, from TCM and acupuncture.
Mapping of the body on the Hand
Mapping of the body on the Feet
Mapping of the Motor Cortex
Mapping of the body on the Iris
Mapping of the body on the Ear
Mapping of the body on the Abdomen
Synergy
Apply synergy to Eastern and Western Science
DSM demonstration
SyRF Systems Research
-Research on the synergetic effects of energy resonance fields and acupuncture energy fields.
-Integrating, synergizing modern physics and ancient eastern spirituality.
-Magnetic Resonance and Acupuncture points
for increase in energy, strength, stamina and focus.
-Meditation
Magnetic Fields around the earth
Magnetic Fields around galaxies
Magnetic Fields around plants
Kirlian Photograph of magnetic fields surrounding human fingertip
Magnetic Resonance Imaging MRI
Integrating Electricity and Magnetism--Electromagnetism
Resonance in a vibrating string
Been there?
Done that?
tacoma narrows.wmv
Resonance
Muscles, Nerves
Nerves stimulate muscles to contract by way of electrical impulses.
During a contraction only a small (5-10 %)
percentage of the muscle fibres contract During an extremely strenuous contraction
about 20% of the available fibres contract
Acupuncture points used to balance and increase energy
Phase1 of the SYRF Systems Research
Synergetic Energy Field ResonanceInformational Fields
Magnetic fields (informational fields) can produce a movement of electrons.
By placing magnets at precise acupuncture points we can produce a magnetic resonance that can stimulate more of the muscle fibres to contract on any given contraction, thereby increasing strength, stamina, endurance and overall energy.
Early Stages of the Research at Upper Canada College
Basketball Rowers Tennis
Phase 2 of the SyRF Systems Research
Effect of Moving Meditation on Strength, Focus and Stamina
Findings of Research on 250 Grade 8-12 boys. After 15 minutes of moving meditation 75% of the boys showed an increase in the number
of push-ups Of that group of boys they showed an increase of
39%
Some comments from the Grade 8 boys after the moving meditation
“Felt better physically. I felt very calm and very relaxed and very light. When stressed this would be very useful.”
“More relaxed. Easier, stronger. Lots of thoughts and emotions, no stress. Happier.”
More comments from the Grade 8 Boys
“During the meditation my mind was clear and I wasn’t thinking of anything except for the movements.”
“Felt the energy building between my hands, relaxed, energetic.”
“Calmer. Performance was good, I feel good about myself.”
Grade 11 Male Student "Anyone who plays a musical instrument knows that playing under
testing or performance conditions is one of the most nervewracking experiences one can face. I was forced to confront such a situation in my practical piano exam. In previous exams, I was overcome by anxiety which often lead to mistakes and sometimes a more superficial treatement of the music. However, my experience in the SYRF Systems dynamic synergetic meditiation club changed this. Before this piano exam I underwent a slow meditation process using DSM, slowing my breathing, and calming my body. This calmed my nerves as I went into the examination room. This initial meditation, coupled with several short meditations preceding each peice, drastically changed the overall effect of my exam. I found myself much more engaged in the music, and hence, played the pieces with a greater passion that up to that point I did not know I possessed." Grade 11 student.
Grade 12 male Student
Here are a few instances where SyRF Systems, DSM meditation prior to an event has improved my performance:
Before our OFSAA volleyball quarter final we all meditated and although we did not win we played well (meditation was a good way to relax prior to warm up)
I meditated before my IB English oral exam this past December (I often get nervous before presentations and I found that the meditation relaxed me and improved the quality of my presentation because it was more continuous and less chopped up by pauses)
Teachers “I felt stronger, a sense of ease, quietness, a purposefulness, “lost” myself
during the meditation.” 53 year old male teacher.
“Feeling more energized. Felt quiet and connected.” 44 year old female teacher.
“Calmer but more alert (awake).”• 55 year old female teacher
“I felt a force between my hands with the circle hands technique. Feeling more capable.”
47 year old female teacher
Bibliography and Suggested Further Reading
1. The Tao of Physics, Fritjof Capra, 19752. The Dancing Wu Li Masters, Gary Zukav, 19793. Synergetics, Volume 1 and 2, R. Buckminster Fuller, 19754. Essays in Science, Albert Einstein, 19345. The Evolution of Physics, Einstein and Infled, 19616. On Physical Reality, A. Einstein, 19367. The Essence of Buddhism, D.T. Suzuki, 19688. A Policy of Kindness, Tenzin Gyatso, the 14th Dalai Lama, 19909. Physics and Philosophy, W. Heisenberg, 195810. Physics and Beyond, W. Heisenberg, 197111. The Upanishads, trans. By Juan Mascaro, 196512. Tao Te Ching, Lao Tzu, trans. Ch’u Ta Kao, 197013. Wholeness and the Implicate Order, David Bohm, 197814. Atomic Physics and Human Knowledge, Neils Bohr, 195815. The Philosophy of Physics, Max Planck, 193616. Discussions of Probability Relations Between Separated Systems, Erwin Schrodinger, 193517. Space, Time and Medicine, Larry Dossey, 197918. Einstein and Buddha, edited by Thomas McFarlane, 200219. A Brief History of Time, Stephen Hawking, 198520. Singularities in the Geometry of Space-Time, Stephen Hawking, 1966
Fig 1. Single slit diffraction, artificially modeled without wave propagation effects
Synergy as General Principle
The whole is greater than the sum of its parts The behaviour of the whole is unpredictable by
knowing the behaviour of the individual parts taken separately. RBF
Corollary: If you know the behaviour of the whole and the behaviour of some of the parts, you may be able to find some of the others parts.
Examples: 1. Gravity 2. Solar System 3. Salt
Bucky discovered the following:
1. Observe and experience, for yourself, Nature and the Universe to find out “What is going on. How does Nature work? What is the truth?”
2. Be factual and accurate about your experiences and thereby determine what information has integrity and what is misinformation.
Bucky observed
1. That the square and the cube, are used by science, industry and technology as the basic structures for construction and measurement of Nature and the Universe.
BUT…
They are NOT stable structuresThis is NOT the way
Nature/Universe works
He found that Nature’s fundamental structure isThe
tetrahedron
Tetrahedrons, Octahedrons and Icosahedrons are the basic
structures of Universe
The Simplest Stable Structure in the Universe
The Tetrahedron- made of 6 sticks, 4 equilateral triangles, all 60 degrees, each vertex is part of 3 triangles
the strongest structure for its volume and Surface area.
Eg; diamonds All biology and chemistry
is based on it
From the observation of Nature, from experience, new discoveries can arise.
Max Planck, one of the founders of quantum physics, revolutionized physics in 1900 with his discovery of the quantum, or fundamental unit of energy.
Planck’s Constant
Planck's constant, symbolized by h, relates the energy in one quantum (photon) of electromagnetic radiation to the frequency of that radiation.
E = hf where h= 6.626176 x 10-34 joule-seconds
Consider this
Why would the smallest package of energy in the universe NOT be a whole number???
Why do we need to multiply the smallest unit by 6.626176 x 10-34
joule-seconds to get it right.
Look at the constant 6.626176 x 10-34 joule-seconds.
Ignore the scale ie the 10-34 .
Concentrate on the 6.626176 .
Now look at the first 2 sig figs.
6.6 or 0.66
What fraction is this??
2/3=0.66
Why do you suppose we have to multiply the smallest, most fundamental package of energy in the universe by 2/3???
Planck’s constant is based on the cgs system.
This is based on the square and the cube.
These are not stable structures
Nature and Universe do not use squares and cubes
Nature and Universe uses…
The tetrahedron
The volume of the tetrahedron as compared to the volume of a cube that it exactly fits into is….
2/3
In other words
If we used the fundamental structure of the Universe, the tetrahedron, as the fundamental unit of the Universe, then we wouldn’t need to correct the error of .66 or 2/3.
The units would work out right the first time.
Because it would be based on the “truth”
