the third romanian-bulgarian-hungarian-serbian conference

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THE THIRD ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE A B S T R A C T B O O K Srebrno jezero (Veliko Gradište) – Serbia, 18-21 st September 2014 Geographical Research and Cross-Border Cooperation within the Lower Basin of the Danube University of Belgrade Faculty of Geography Department of Geography, Tourism and Hotel Management 1969 University of Novi Sad Faculty of Sciences

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Page 1: the third romanian-bulgarian-hungarian-serbian conference

1THE THIRD ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCEGeographical Research and Cross-Border Cooperation within the Lower Basin of the Danube

THE THIRD ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN

CONFERENCE

A B S T R A C T B O O K

Srebrno jezero (Veliko Gradište) – Serbia, 18-21st September 2014

Geographical Research and Cross-Border Cooperation within the Lower Basin of the Danube

University of Belgrade

Faculty of GeographyDepartment of Geography,

Tourism and Hotel Management

1969University of Novi Sad

Faculty of Sciences

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2 THE THIRD ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCEGeographical Research and Cross-Border Cooperation within the Lower Basin of the Danube

University of Belgrade, Faculty of Geography

University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Geography, Tourism and Hotel Management

THE THIRD ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN

CONFERENCE

Abstract book

ISBN 978-86-7031-344-6

Editor in chiefNeda Mimica Dukić, PhD (Faculty of Sciences Dean)

Dejan Filipović, PhD (Faculty of Geography Dean)

EditorsSlavoljub Dragićević, PhD

Stevan Savić, PhDMilan Radović, MSc

Vanja Dragićević, PhDDragan Milošević, MSc

Aleksandar Petrović, MScIvan Novković, MSc

Daniela Arsenović, PhDTin Lukić, MSc

Printed byStojkov, Novi Sad

Circulation300

The Congres has been supported byMinistry of Education, Science and Technological Development –

Republic of SerbiaProvincial Secretariat for Science and Technological Development –

Autonomus Province of Vojvodina

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3THE THIRD ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCEGeographical Research and Cross-Border Cooperation within the Lower Basin of the Danube

CONGRESS ORGANISERS• University of Belgrade, Faculty of Geography• University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Geography, Tourism

and Hotel Management

CONFERENCE TIME

From 18th to 21st September 2014

CONFERENCE VENUE

Hotel Danubia Park, Srebrno jezero (Veliko Gradište), Serbia

OFFICIAL LANGUAGES

English

SCIENTIFIC ADVISORY COMMITTEE

Ph.D. Alina Vlădut, University of Craiova-RomaniaPh.D. Branislav Đurđev, University of Novi Sad-SerbiaPh.D. Dan Bălteanu, Institute of Geography, Romanian Academy of Science-RomaniaPh.D. David Bole, Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts-SloveniaPh.D. Dénes Lóczy, University of Pécs-HungaryPh.D. Ilinka Terziyska, South-West University “Neofit Rilski”, BulgariaPh.D. Ioan Ianoș, University of Bucharest-RomaniaPh.D. János Unger, University of Szeged-Hungary Ph.D. Jozsef Szátmari, University of Szeged-HungaryPh.D. Liliana Popescu, University of Craiova-RomaniaPh.D. Michal Klaučo, Matej Bel University-SlovakiaPh.D. Milan Radovanović, Geographical Institute “Jovan Cvijić”,SASA-Serbia Ph.D. Nelly Hristova, “St. Kliment Ohridski” University of Sofia-BulgariaPh.D. Nina Nikolova, “St. Kliment Ohridski” University of Sofia-BulgariaPh.D. Péter Bajmócy, Univerzity of Szeged-HungaryPh.D. Petru Urdea, West University from Timișoara-RomaniaPh.D. Rositsa Kenderova, “St. Kliment Ohridski” University of Sofia-BulgariaPh.D. Sandu Boengiu, University of Craiova-RomaniaPh.D. Sanja Klempić Bogadi, Institute for Migration and Ethnic Studies-CroatiaPh.D. Slavoljub Dragićević, University of Belgrade-Serbia Ph.D. Snježana Mihalić Arbanas, University of Zagreb-CroatiaPh.D. Stevan Savić, University of Novi Sad-Serbia

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4 THE THIRD ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCEGeographical Research and Cross-Border Cooperation within the Lower Basin of the Danube

Ph.D. Vanja Dragićević, University of Novi Sad-SerbiaPh.D. Velimir Šećerov, University of Belgrade-SerbiaPh.D. Vesna Lukić, ISS-Demographic Research Center-Serbia

ORGANISING COMMITTEE

M.Sc. Aleksandar S. Petrović, University of Belgrade-SerbiaPh.D. Daniela Arsenović, University of Novi Sad-SerbiaM.Sc. Dragan Milošević, University of Novi Sad-Serbia M.Sc. Ivan Novković, University of Belgrade-SerbiaM.Sc. Milan Radović, University of Belgrade-SerbiaM.Sc. Nemanja Tomić, University of Novi Sad-SerbiaM.Sc. Tin Lukić, University of Novi Sad-Serbia

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

If you want to publish your paper in any of suggested journals please send the final version of your paper no later than 1st September 2014 because of the journals pub-lishing dynamics.

The addresses of the journals where you should send the articles are:• Bulletin of the Serbian Geographical Society (www.sgd.org.rs/sr_page/glasnik.html)• Geographica Pannonica (http://www.dgt.uns.ac.rs/pannonica.html ) • Forum Geografic - Geographical studies and environment protection research (www.

forumgeografic.ro)• Bulletin of the Faculty of Geography (http://www.gef.bg.ac.rs/magazines/view/6/

Zbornik-radova) • Migration and ethnic topics (www.imin.hr/casopis-met)

SESSIONS

• Plenary Session• Session 1 (Applied geography; Hazard and risk)• Session 2 (Local and regional development; Cross-border cooperation in the Cen-

tral and Southeast Europe regions)• Session 3 (Geography and global change; Environment and sustainable development)• Session 4 (GIS, landscapa analysis and lanscape planning; Land use, land cover

change and land degradation)• Session 5 (Population and settlement geography; Geographical education)• Session 6 (Geography and EU strategy for the Danube region; Geography of trans-

port in the framework EU strategy for the Danube region; Sustainable tourism policy, planning and development)

• Session 7 (Papers of young researchers – Ph.D and M.Sc students)

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5THE THIRD ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCEGeographical Research and Cross-Border Cooperation within the Lower Basin of the Danube

CONFERENCE AGENDAThursday, 18th of September 2014. _ HOTEL DANUBIA PARK17:00 - 19:00 . . . . . Registration19:00. . . . . . . . . . Welcome and cocktail

Friday, 19th of September 2014. _ HOTEL DANUBIA PARK08:00 - 09:00 . . . . Registration09:00 - 09:30. . . . . Opening Ceremony09:30 - 11:00 . . . . . Plenary Session11:00 - 11:30 . . . . . . Coffee break11:30 - 13:15 . . . . . . Sessions 1, 2 and 413:15 - 14:30 . . . . . . Lunch break14:30 - 16:00 . . . . . Sessions 3, 5 and 616:00 - 16:15. . . . . . Coffee break16:15 - 17:00. . . . . . Sessions 3, 5 and 6 (continue)17:15 - 19:00. . . . . . Conclusions at Touristic boat route20:00 . . . . . . . . . Conference feast*09:00 - 17:00 . . . . Poster presentations

Saturday, 20th of September 2014. _ FIELDTRIP08:00 - 10:00 . . . . . Session 710:00 - 19:00 . . . . . Fieldtrip* with lunch

*Fieldtrip route: Golubac fortress at the entrance to the Iron Gate; Djerdap gorge; Lepenski vir - one of the most important prehistoric sites in Europe from the period between 6000 -7000 BC; The natural stone bridge Šuplja stena; Rajkova cave; Copper and gold mine in Majdanpek.

Sunday, 21th of September 2014. _ HOTEL DANUBIA PARK09:00 - 12:00 . . . . . Official sightseeing and departure

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6 THE THIRD ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCEGeographical Research and Cross-Border Cooperation within the Lower Basin of the Danube

TIME TABLES

OPENING CEREMONY – Friday, September 19th 2014, from 9:00 to 09:30h

Short speech: Representatives of State Institutions, Rector, Dean, Director of De-partmentHost: Nemanja Tomić

PLENARY SESSION - Friday, September 19th 2014, from 9:30 to 11:00h

Chairmen: Nina Nikolova, Slavoljub DragićevićTechnician: Milan Radović

Dan Balteanu Interdisciplinary researches related to the EU Danube Strategy

Denes Loczy, Peter Gyenizse, Jozsef Dezso Rehabilitation potential of the floodplain of the Hungarian Drava section

Janos Unger The Local Climate Zone classification system and an application example (Szeged, Hungary)

Kosyo Stoychev Economic integration and smart specialization in the Danube Region: policies and possibilities

David Bole The role of geography and transnational cooperation in promoting rural development with culture & tourism

Dejan Đorđevic, Tijana Zivanovic Context of cross-border cooperation in the project DONAUREGIONEN +

Coffee break – from 11:00 to 11:30h

SESSION 1 - Friday, September 19th 2014, from 11:30 to 13:15h

Chairmen: Dénes Lóczy, Stevan SavićTechnician: Dragan Milošević

Alina Stefania Vladut, Irina Ontel Analysis of precipitation characteristics and trends for the Getic Piedmont and Subcarpathians, Oltenia Region, Romania

Nina Chenkova, Nina Nikolova Extreme precipitation in Northeastern Bulgaria

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7THE THIRD ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCEGeographical Research and Cross-Border Cooperation within the Lower Basin of the Danube

Andrija Boris Bognar, V. Simunovic Some Basic Geomorphologic Characteristics of the Kopački Rit Morphogenesis and Relief Structure

Tamas Gal New methods for urban surface parameter calculation

Adina-Eliza Croitoru, Adrian Piticar Analysis of cold extreme and variability indices related to air temperature in the Romanian Carpathians and intra- Carpathian areas

Sanja Mustafic, Predrag Manojlovic, Milena Nikolic, Tanja Dobrosavljevic Temporal variation of suspended sediment load in the Velika Morava River at the mouth of the Danube River for the period 1967-2007

Slavoljub Dragicevic, Nenad Zivkovic, Ivan Novkovic, Radislav Tosic Assessment of soil loss caused by bank erosion of the Veliki Timok river

Stevan Savic, Dragan Milosevic, Vladimir Markovic, Daniela Arsenovic Urban heat island and human thermal comfort monitoring system in Novi Sad (URBAN-PATH project)

Nenad Zivkovic, Slavoljub Dragicevic, Mrđan Đokic, Sava Simic, Stefana Babovic Reliability of Displaying Runoff Isolines in the Example of Jošanička River

Dragoslav Pavic, Minucer Mesaros, Stevan Savic, Dragan Dolinaj, Dragan Milosevic

Inland Excess Water Monitoring in Vojvodina (Serbia) Gabor Kozma

The characteristics of energy efficient buildings in different regions of Europe

Radomir Ivanovic, Milena Nikolic, Natasa Martic Bursac Climate aridity of the Carpathian Serbia in the period 1961-2010

Ana PetrovicHystorical Torrental Flood Events in Kolubara River Basin

Sandu Boengiu, Oana Ionus, Liliana Popescu, Emil Marinescu, Daniel SmulescuNew data on riverbank failure along the Jiu at Dranic Oltenia Plain (Romania)

POSTERSTin Lukic, Biljana Basarin, Bjorn Buggle, Slobodan B. Markovic, Vladimir M. Tomovic, Jovanka Popov Raljic, Ivana Hrnjak, Alida Timar-Gabor, Ulrich Hambach, Milivoj B. Gavrilov, Djordjije A. Vasiljevic, Miroslav D. Vujicic, Milan Tomic, Branislav Zivaljevic, Strahinja Petres

A joined rock magnetic and colorimetric perspective on the Late Pleistocene climate of Orlovat loess site (Northern Serbia)

Viorel Arghius, Radu Mihaiescu, Cristian Malos, Simion Beldean The study of the hazards related to the NATECH events associated to tailing ponds in the Upper Tisza Basin (Romania)

Vladimir Markovic, Stevan Savic, Dragan Milosevic, Daniela Arsenovic, Ugljesa Stankov

A GIS analysis of local climate zones and human thermal condition patterns in Novi Sad: Preliminary results

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8 THE THIRD ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCEGeographical Research and Cross-Border Cooperation within the Lower Basin of the Danube

SESSION 2 - Friday, September 19th 2014, from 11:30 to 13:15hChairmen: Dejan Đorđević, Kosyo StoychevTechnician: Aleksandar Petrović

Mila Pavlovic, Filip Krstic Economic-geographical development of Danubian Ključ as factor of demographic and economic revitalization

Daniela Zamfir, Ilinca-Valentina Stoica, Ionut-Lucian IanosResidential Suburbanization between Causes and Consequences. Case study: Bucharest Municipality

Miroslav Doderovic, Zlatko Bulic Geographical designation of Montenegro to the Danube region

Egedy Tamas Creative cities in Hungary? – Current trends in the creative economy of major Hungarian cities

Igor Stamenkovic, Snezana Besermenji, Ivana Blesic, Tatjana Pivac, Mirjana Penic, Ljubica Ivanovic

Attitude of the people of Serbia towards Croatia as potential tourist destination

Vladimir M. Cvetkovic, Boban Milojkovic, Dragan Mlađan, Slobodan Miladinovic The role of police in achieving security on the Danube as international waterways in Serbia

Zsofia Kovacs, Igor Cretescu, Zoltan Zsilak, Iuliana Gabriela Breaban, Akos Redey Water quality monitoring system on transboundary watercourses

Branka Tosic, Zora Zivanovic Cross-border cooperation of Serbia and Romania in the Danube area

Aleksandra Dragin, Branislav Đurđev, Caslav Kalinic Cruise Ship Tourists in Serbia: Problems in Statistical Analysis

Gordana Vojkovic, Vera Gligorijevic, Vlasta Kokotovic Cross-Border Cooperation and Human Capital – Relations and Challenges

POSTERSSenada Nezirovic

Experience in tourism regionalization of Bosnia and Herzegovina and delimitation of tourist region in the area of Northeast Bosnia

Simion Beldean, Cristian Malos, Viorel Arghius, Radu Mihaiescu Transboundary cooperation between Romania and Ukraine on disastrous effects of toxic pollution in the Tisza River watershed

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9THE THIRD ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCEGeographical Research and Cross-Border Cooperation within the Lower Basin of the Danube

SESSION 3 - Friday, September 19th 2014, from 14:30 to 17:00hChairmen: Nelly Hristova, Vladimir StojanovićTechnician: Tin Lukić

Aleksandar Petrovic, Ivana Carevic Formation and geology of the collapse valley of Ravna River and Samar natural bridge (eastern Serbia)

Nina Nikolova, Milkana Mochurova Drought Vulnerability of Agriculture in Bulgaria

Nelly Hristova Seasonal river flow variability of Middle and Lower Danube River and its tributaries

Marian Melo, Pavla Pekarova, Katarina Melova, Cyntia Dujsikova Utilization of historical sources in the study of the Danube flood in year 1895

Marton Kiss, Mate Bartus, Szilard Czobel, Miklos Kiss Land cover based assessments of ecosystem services – case studies from Hungary

Erno Molnar Geographical analysis of potential economic effects generated by building energetics investments in Hungary

Bianca Mitrica, Elena Mateescu, Carmen-Sofia Dragota, Ines Grigorescu, Monica Dumitrascu, Elena-Ana Popovici

Climate change imapacts on agricultural crops in the Tamis plain (Romania)

Monica Dumitrascu, Carmen-Sofia Dragota, Ines Grigorescu, Costin Dumitrascu, Alina Vladut

Key pluvial parameters in assessing rainfall erosivity in the South-West development region

Dejan Filipovic, Ljubica Petrovic The Significance Of The Danube Ecological Corridor In The Proceedings Of Implementing Ecological Networks In Serbia

Vladimir Stojanovic, Snezana Besermenji Preparations and challenges of declaration of Biosphere Reserve Mura-Drava-Danube in Serbia

Milovan Pecelj, Aleksandar Krajic, Jelena Purkovic Pecelj, Milica Pecelj Geoecological evaluation of the Danube shore in Fruška Gora sector

Radu Mihaiescu, Simion Beldean, Cristian Malos, Viorel Arghius Preliminary assessment of environmental pressures in the transboundary Upper Tisza Watershed - Romanian sector

Bosko Josimovic, Marina Nenkovic Riznic, Sasa Milijic Assessment of strategically important impacts on environment of the Danube corridor

Sasa Milijic Approach to integrated planning, development and protection of the Danube as waterway, water, environmental, cultural and tourist corridor

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10 THE THIRD ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCEGeographical Research and Cross-Border Cooperation within the Lower Basin of the Danube

Tatjana Đekic, Bojana Jandzikovic Environmental management through ecotourism as a function of sustainable development- an example of the Stara Planina

Michal Klauco, Andrej Saxa, Adalbert Mezei Regional development and tourism through landscape ecological planning

POSTERSĐorđije A. Vasiljevic, Slobodan B. Markovic, Tin Lukic, Biljana Basarin, Miroslav D. Vujicic

Geodiversity of Danube region in Serbia: conservation issues and management possibilities

Biljana Basarin, Aleksandra Krzic, Lazar Lazic, Tin Lukic, Jasmina Đorđevic, Bojana Janicijevic Petrovic, Sonja Copic, Dragana Matic, Ivana Hrnjak, Tanja Micic, Andreas Matzarakis

Evaluation of bioclimate conditions in two special nature reserves in Vojvodina (Northern Serbia)

Elena Grigore Distribution and annual regime of THOM discomfort index on South Dobrogea territory

Irina Smical, Adriana Muntean, Eugen Nour Research on the Surface Water Quality in Mining Influence Area in Maramures County (Romania)

Coffee break – from 16:00 to 16:15h

SESSION 4 - Friday, September 19th 2014, from 11:30 to 13:15h

Chairmen: Sanja Stojković, Minučer MesarošTechnician: Ivan Novković

Eva Konkoly-Gyuro, Agnes Tiraszi, Geza Kiraly, Pal BalazsLand cover change along the Danube and main rivers of Hungary from the mid 19th century

Sanja Stojkovic, Snezana Đurđic, Goran Anđelkovic Application of Multi-Criteria Analysis and GIS in Ecotourism Development (Case Study: Serbian Danube Region)

Stanislava Bosiocic, Miodrag Kostic, Sanja Krsmanovic Geospatial analysis of digital terrain modelling

Ugljesa Stankov, Dragan Dolinaj, Milica Solarevic, Vanja Dragicevic Assessing Municipal Geoportals in Serbia

Aleksandar Đorđevic An Integrated Cross-Border GIS and Web GIS Applications for Lower Basin of the Danube - Challenges and Opportunities

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11THE THIRD ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCEGeographical Research and Cross-Border Cooperation within the Lower Basin of the Danube

Milos Petrovic, Mlađen Jovanovic, Ivan Rvovic, Rada Sorak, Minucer Mesaros GIS based morphometry of upper and middle Šelovrenac stream basin (Srem, N Serbia)

Aleksandar Valjarevic, Dragica Zivkovic, Aleksandra Petrasevic Fractal analysis of digital cartographic modelling of mountain Miroč

Jasmina M. Jovanovic, Ljiljana Zivkovic, Gordana Jovanovic Digital cartographic visualization in the function of tourist valorization of the Lower Danube Region

Nevena Vasiljevic, Boris Radic, Suzana Gavrilovic Landscape character metrics: a new methodological approach to landscape planning

POSTERSSuzana Maria Cocioaba, Giuliano Tevi, Delia Mihaela Popescu

Using remote sensing data for mapping of Populetum albae, Alno-Salicetum cinereae and Alno-Salicetum rosmarinifoliae plant communities, from Natura 2000 site - ROSCI0103 Lunca Buzaaului

SESSION 5 - Friday, September 19th 2014, from 14:30 to 17:00h

Chairmen: Vesna Lukić, Péter BajmócyTechnician: Daniela Arsenović

Aleksandar Knezevic, Branislav Đurđev, Daniela Arsenovic The demographic potentials of Euroregion “Danube XXI” in Serbia-Consequences of biological depopulation and population ageing

Stoica Ilinca-Valentina, Zamfir Daniela Demo-economic vulnerability of Romanian small towns

Janos Penzes Demographic processes of peripheral areas in Hungary

Mihails KozlovsComparative analysis of migration economical effect in Serbia, Latvia and Moldova in last decade

Vesna Lukic Asylum seekers and human smuggling in Serbia

Danica Santic, Marija Martinovic, Mikica Sibinovic Disparities of population potentials in Region of Timočka Krajina

Milen Penerliev Current demographic and urban problems in the Danubean Dobrudzha (region Bulgaria)

Klara Jozsa, Peter Bajmocy Role of settlement size in several economic, social and supply indicators in Hungary

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12 THE THIRD ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCEGeographical Research and Cross-Border Cooperation within the Lower Basin of the Danube

Dragica Gataric, Ana Vrbnik, Marko Ivanisevic Spatial Organization of the Settlement Network in the South Banat County (district)

Ionel Boamfa Historical-geographical peculiarities reflected in the Olt Country anthroponomy

Lucila Tzankova, Maya Vasileva, Georgi Kotseff, Dessislava Poleganova “Factory for geographic literacy” – a metaphor for geographical education

Ioan Ianos Romanian Geography, where to?

Tijana Ilic Geography Teacher’s Education in the Danube Region (Serbia) and in the South Moravian Region (Czech Republic): Comparative Study

Slađana Anđelkovic, Sanja Maksimovic Benefits of out-of classroom teaching in comparison to classroom teaching on the example of “Danube – classroom on the water” education program

Stela Dermendzhieva, Martin Doykov The regional approach and the regional studies method in the process of geography teaching Bulgaria

POSTERCostela Iordache, Sorin Avram, Cristiana Vîlcea

Smart land-use changes for successful planning in the case of Craiova Metropolitan Area

Coffee break – from 16:00 to 16:15h

SESSION 6 - Friday, September 19th 2014, from 14:30 to 17:00h

Chairmen: Vanja Dragićević, David BoleTechnician: Nemanja Tomić

Igor Sîrodoev, Andrei Schvab, Ioan Ianos Foreign Direct Investment as a driver of stability/instability in territorial systems

Pal Szabo The Territorial Cohesion of the Danube Region

Natasa Vaidianu, Cristian Braghina, Ionut Ianos The legal and institutional framework for integrated governance: Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve case study (Romania)

Atanas Dermendzhiev, Martin Doykov The European Transport (In)Accessibility of Bulgaria

Snezana Stetic, Sanja Pavlovic, Sara Stanic Heterogeneity of Tourist Attractions in the Iron Gate as a motive for Travel

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13THE THIRD ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCEGeographical Research and Cross-Border Cooperation within the Lower Basin of the Danube

Srđan Belij, Marina Ilincic, Jelena Belij, Marija Belij Sustainable planning and tourism development policy in the example of the medieval fortress on the Danube

Vanja Dragicevic, Natasa Drakulic Kovacevic, Ugljesa Stankov The Assessment of Tourist Attractiveness of South Banat Area in Serbia and Cross Border Cooperation with Romania

Zdenko Cerovic Summer entertainment programs - factors of the tourist experience

Zoltan Bujdoso The utilization of Danube Limes in tourism in Hungary

Dobrila Lukic, Dragan Milovanovic Serbian Danube Region as Tourist Destination

Emilija Manic, Olgica Miljkovic, Radmila Jovanovic Towards tourism zone development in Djerdap sector of the river Danube: present state and tourism planning policy

Ivan Novkovic, Milena Đurkovic, Stefan Stankov, Bojana Milosevic, Misko Milanovic

Geoecological Evaluation of the National Park “Đerdap” for Tourism and Recreation

Akos Katay, Robert Kiss The River Danube as an attraction in positioning hotels along its riverside capitals

Liliana Popescu, Amalia Badita, Mirela Mazilu Cultural tourism in Oltenia (Romania) – disregarded opportunity

Cristian Talanga, Cristina Merciu, Loreta Cercleux Tourism and territorial planning. Case study: Ploiesti-Bucuresti-Giurgiu axis of development (Romania)

POSTERSSvetlana Vukosav, Nevena Curcic, Vuk Garaca

Application of the concept of strategic management of tourist destinations: a case study of the National Park ,,Fruska Gora’’

Vuk Garaca, Nevena Curcic, Svetlana Vukosav Industrial Heritage Tourism: Potential Thematic Route of Vojvodina

Ines Milohnic, Mladenka Popadic Exploring the Role of Wildlife Tourism: An Integrative Approach to Wildlife Management

Ljerka Cerovic, Danijel Drpic, Vedran MilojicaRenewable Energy Sources in the Function of Sustainable Business in Tourism and Hospitality Industry

Zdenko CerovicSummer entertainment programs - factors of the tourist experience

Tanja Armenski, Nemanja DavidovicSustainable tourism development in Serbian and Romanian part of Banat

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14 THE THIRD ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCEGeographical Research and Cross-Border Cooperation within the Lower Basin of the Danube

Cristina Merciu, Cristian Talanga, Loreta Cercleux Re-use of industrial and technical heritage as a tool for regeneration of post-industrial territories

Gordana Jovanovic, Jovan Plavsa, Milka Bubalo Zivkovic, Tamara Lukic, Bojan Đercan, Rastislav Stojsavljevic, Vuk Garaca, Nevena Curcic, Svetlana Vukosav, Ivan Stojsic, M. Lalic

Sports recreational tourism in Novi Sad Danube coastal area

Coffee break – from 16:00 to 16:15h

TOURISTIC BOAT ROUTE - Friday, September 19th 2014, from 17:15 to 19:00h

Chairman: Slavoljub Dragićević• International project presentation• GIS presentation• Conference conclusions

SESSION 7 - Saturday, September 20th 2014, from 08:00 to 10:00h

Chairmen: Snežana Đurđić, Uglješa StankovTechnician: Dragan Milošević

Mirela Đurovic Speleothem - the possibilities of cross-border scientific cooperation in the study of changes in the karst of the Carpatho-Balkanides

Ivan Samardzic, Katarina Kopcic Community Hygiene Problems and Protection Measures in the Area of Ada Huja (Belgrade, Serbia)

Milica Zivanovic, Gorica Petrovac Degradation of soil and water resources by heavy metals in the basin of the Bela River

Gorica Petrovac Municipal landfills as a factor in the degradation of soil and water in Vojvodina

Ivo Velichkov Assessment of low flow in Trigradska river basin

Jelena Obrenic Environmental indicators in the Iron Gate - The assessment for the tourism purposes

Ivan Potic, Marko Joksimovic, Rajko Golic Changes in forest cover on Stara Planina (Serbia): towards sustainable management of ski resorts in sensitive areas

Semir Sacirovic Protection regime in the National Park Đerdap

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15THE THIRD ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCEGeographical Research and Cross-Border Cooperation within the Lower Basin of the Danube

Dusan Ristic Danube River as a Part of Regional Spatial Plans of Republic of Serbia

Nevena Đuric, Dijana Đuric, Milena Đurkovic, Lola Markovic Implementation of Geographic Information System for Environmental Protection of the county of Branicevo (Serbia)

Ana Radovanovic, Marko Stojiljkovic Geological evaluation of speleological features of the Risovaca cave in order to develop tourism and protect its environment

Anđelina Maric, Ana Mihajlovic, Zarko VeselinovicEnvironment and sustainable development

Milan Radovic, Branko Protic Change of Total Number of Population and Agricultural Population in Danube Municipalities of Južni Banat, Podunavlje, Braničevo and Bor Administrative Districts

Vojislav Deđanski, Vedran Zivanovic, Aleksandar Kovjanic Influence of the construction of hydroelectric plant „Djerdap I“ on the socialgeographic changes in the settlements of the municpality Majdanpek

Teodora Nikolic Development of the City of Belgrade in terms of globalization from year 2000

Aleksandra Gajic Spatial and Functional Relations and Links in the Network of Settlements in the Danube Area in the Republic of Serbia

Irena Manojlovic Challenges and opportunities for sustainable tourism development in the area of special nature reserve Deliblato sands (Vojvodina, Serbia)

Jasna Stojanovic Sustainable Tourism Development within the Lower Basin of the Danube

Marija Suleic Consumer protection in tourism in Serbia: Case study TUI tour operator

Marija Zivkovic, Marija Peric Degraded Areas as a Limiting Factor for the Development of Tourism for Example the Mining Basin Kostolac

Nikola Cvetkovic, Slađana Stojanovic Touristic sites along the lower basin of the Danube River as the initiators of sustainable touristic development

Tamara Visnic, Dejan Beric, Milana Pantelic Examining the Attitudes of Local Residents on Ecotourism Impact in the future protected Hungarian-Serbian Cross- border Area “Kireš”

POSTERSJelena Milankovic, Dragoslav Pavic, Jasmina Đorđevic, Aleksandra Dragin, Smiljana Đukicin, Minucer Mesaros

A review on use of Danube waterway: Potentials for Sustainable Development and Promotion of Serbia

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Nemanja Tomic, Sanja Bozic Promoting archaeological and geological heritage along the Danube through a cross-border thematic cruise route

Eugen Nour, Irina Smical, Adriana Muntean NATECH Hazards with Crossborder Potential Effect Associated to Mining Activities in Maramures County, Romania

Irina Ontel, Alina Vladut Impacts of drought on the productivity of agricultural crops within the Oltenia Plain, Romania

Adriana Muntean, Irina Smical, Eugen Nour Influence of the Weather and Climatic Conditions on Some Hydrological and Chemical Characteristics of the Somes River, in the N-W of Romania

Anđela Bucic, Marija Cimbaljevic Condition of Special Nature Reserve Uvac and possibilities for development of ecotourism

Bojana Spasojevic, Sanja Bozic, Dunja Devrnja Vlasina Lake as a potential ecotourism destination – the current state and future development proposals

Marija Cimbaljevic, Anđela Bucic, Marina Jovanovic Strategic planning of sustainable development as an alternative to the development of rural tourism in Serbia

Đurđa Miljkovic, Tin Lukic, Ljupce Miljkovic, Slobodan B. Markovic, Mlađen Jovanovic, Branko Ristanovic

Geomorphic rarities of the Beljanica mountain Tanja Micic, Tin Lukic, Jasmina Đorđevic, Biljana Basarin, Dajana Bjelajac, Ivana Hrnjak, Slobodan B. Markovic, Dusan Sakulski, Bojan Đercan, Milka Bubalo-Zivkovic, Dragoslav Pavic, Lazar Lazic

Wind energy potential and its implementation concept for the electricity market in the Vojvodina Region (Northern Serbia)

Igor Lescesen, Milana Pantelic, Tanja Micic, Dragan Dolinaj Analysis of water quality of Danube River in Serbia using Serbian Water Quality Index (SWQI)

Jelica J. Markovic, Dragoslav J. Pavic, Minucser M. Meszaros, Marko D. Petrovic, Mico Srdanovic

Measuring the Quality of the Lakeside Tourist Destinations: The Study of Lake Palić and Lake Srebrno (Serbia)

FIELDTRIP - Saturday, September 20th 2014, from 10:00 to 19:00h

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Content

PLENARY SESSION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

SESSION 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

SESSION 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

SESSION 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

SESSION 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

SESSION 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

SESSION 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

SESSION 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100

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Interdisciplinary researches related to the EU Danube Strategy

Dan Bălteanu

Institute of Geography, Romanian Academy of Science, Romania; e-mail: [email protected]

The EU Danube Strategy, signed by 14 states and adopted by the European Council on 2011, acts as a comprehen-sive macro-regional programme aimed at ensuring future territorial cohesion and sustainable development in a very diversified space. Geography could play an active role by carrying out interdis-ciplinary researches related to the four pillars of the Danuble Strategy-connec-tivity, environmental protection, eco-nomic development and governance.

The countries of the Danube re-gion are connected by complex rela-tions, among which are opportunities and challenges that require interdisci-plinary and transdisciplinary solution-oriented researches. Future researches

should rely on different theoretical ap-proaches and a huge volume of data-bas-es accumulated whithin several insti-tutions (like ICPDR, JRC, and Danube Commission) and in a great number of European and national projects.

The paper is highlighting the contri-bution of Geography to the elaboration of several interdisciplinary projects on the Lower and the Midle Danuble Basin targeting to the following issues: an out-line of the current and future situation of the region in a global change perspective; studies of multiple hazards and risks as-sociated to global environmental change: land-use land-cover change and different human activities based on both natural and socio-economic indicators.

PLENARY SESSION

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PLENARY SESSION

Rehabilitation potential of the floodplain of the Hungarian Drava section

Dénes Lóczy1, Péter Gyenizse2, József Dezső1

1 Department of Physical and Environmental Geography, Institute of Geography, Faculty of Science, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Ifjúság útja 6. Hungary; [email protected], [email protected]

2 Department of Cartography and Geoinformatics, Institute of Geography, Faculty of Science, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Ifjúság útja 6. Hungary; [email protected]

The Drava is an international riv-er, the lower section of which (in Cro-atia and Hungary) is less affcted by hu-man interventions than the upper (in Austria). Parallel to river regulation and land drainage the floodplain in Hungary was converted to cultivated land. After the completion of flood-control meas-ures flood hazard was largely replaced by drought hazard, which makes large-scale crop cultivation hardly sustaina-ble in the area. An ambitious and com-prehensive water recharge scheme (the Ancient Drava Programme) has been proposed to solve the environmental, employment and social problems of the entire region and the implementation has already started. The crucial com-ponent of the scheme concerns the res-toration of groundwater levels and flow. This requires detailed studies of the hy-drogeological system. A groudnwater monitoring project has been launched

to study the impact of the scheme on floodplain oxbows and groundwater lev-els in their environs. Well pumping ex-periments supplied the preliminary re-sult that, as a consequence of complex hydrogeological conditions, groundwa-ter flow under the floodplain is rather inhibited both from the direction of the prsent-day Drava channel and from the paleochannels, now mostly occupied by tributary watercourses. The success of rehabilitation on the various subsec-tions seems to heavily depend on hy-drogeological properties and land use change. The planned afforestation of the floodplain does not promise to im-prove water supply since it would in-crease evapotranspiration. Water man-agement and land use have to be treated as equally essential components of re-habilitation potential.

Key words: Fluvial geomorphology, floodplain, groundwater, rehabilitation

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The Local Climate Zone classification system and an application example (Szeged, Hungary)

János Unger

Department of Climatology and Landscape Ecology, University of Szeged, P.O.Box 653, 6701 Szeged, Hungary; [email protected]

For landscape classification or description of a region the simple

“urban”/“rural” is not really appropriate because of the abundant variety of the landscapes according to their surface properties which are reflected in the de-velopment of near-surface micro and lo-cal climates. The recently developed Lo-cal Climate Zones (LCZ) classification system offers a solution as this climate-based system describes the physical conditions of a wider (local-scale) envi-ronment universally and relative easily, based on objective geometric, radiative and thermal properties of the surface.

The LCZ system was not original-ly designed for mapping, but to classify and standardize urban heat island ob-servation sites, whether urban or rural, fixed or mobile. Nevertheless, if the aim

is to determine and characterize the ar-eas with different thermal reactions within a wider study area, for the sep-aration of these areas having relative-ly homogeneous surface properties and human activity the mapping seems to be a useful application of the system.

The objectives of the presentation are: (1) to introduce briefly the main fea-tures of the LCZ system, (2) to show the GIS methods calculating the geometric, surface cover and radiative parameters describing the LCZs for any part of the example study area in Szeged, Hungary and (3) to illustrate the delineation of the LCZ types which occur in and around the city using the calculated surface pa-rameters by the developed methods.

Key words: Local Climate Zones, surface parameters, GIS methods

Economic integration and smart specialization in the Danube Region: policies and possibilities

Kosyo Stoychev

Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, 1504 Sofia, Tzar Osvoboditel Blvd. 15, Bulgaria, [email protected]

The economic issues, the demograph-ic transitions, the common cultural ele-ments and ethnic diversity for the Dan-ube region made possible to enlarge our understandings about it, and to have more clear geographical vision on it. In

our days, the Danube region has to over-come its first nature geographic poten-tial, and to become more visible, operative and structured regional economic system. The paper discusses the possible ways for accelerated recovery in the region, by the

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formal instrument of cross-border coop-eration, deepening the economic integra-tion and cohesion in the Danube region. More or less, here stays the question - Is it possible at this geographical level to have a smart specialization strategy that can profoundly affect the whole Danube re-gion? The answer should be sound in ac-cordance to the objectives of Europe 2020 i.e. sustainable growth, employment, ed-ucation and the fight against poverty and social exclusion.

The region as a geographical unit has the chance to unite counties quite vari-able in the rates of innovation capacity, adoption of new technologies and so-cial dimensions. The approaching to all the objectives of Europe 2020 will de-pend by the entrepreneurship process

for new education, new products and the parallel jump off to the “new jobs”. Here comes the second corner question, what is the rate of preparedness of the Danube region’s stakeholders to real-ize partnerships that can afford strate-gies against the border social exclusion, proactive investment in specialized edu-cation /based for business and jobs that directly or indirectly rely on the Danube river/ and employment opportunities or high-value services of general interest.

In the final part the paper discusses the policies that should encourage the economic success of the region through the context of the sustainable transport and tourism as a “preliminary” condi-tion for successful cooperation and in-tegration.

The role of geography and transnational cooperation in promoting rural development with culture & tourism

David Bole

Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Slovenia, e-mails: [email protected]

Culture has different development potentials that might contribute to sus-tainable development of areas. In terms of sustainable development these poten-tials are not necessarily economics, but also include social, environmental or cultural aspects. However, cultural her-itage by itself rarely holds tangible bene-fits if it is not properly managed. The key challenge for attaining sustainability is to focus management on participatory approach which ensures public partici-pation in the process. The paper is argu-ing that successful and effective manage-ment of heritage depends on the people

who must be able to 1) identify the ap-propriate heritage, 2) to link it with key stakeholders and other topics, 3) to de-sign it into a proper service and finally 4) to sell the new service to the users. I will present experience from a transnation-al project called SY_CULTour, where we have taken a distinct geographical per-spective and worked across six European countries to promote and empower cul-turally rich rural regions.

Key words: heritage, value, culture, sustainable development, public par-ticipation, rural tourism, SY_CULTour, transnational cooperation, geography.

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Context of cross-border cooperation in the project DONAUREGIONEN +

Dejan Đorđević1, Tijana Živanović2

1 Faculty of Geography, University of Belgrade, Department for Spatial Planning, Studentski trg 3/III, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; [email protected]

2 Republic Agency for Spatial Planning, Department for international cooperation, Kralja Milutina 10a, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; [email protected]

Project “The Spatial Development Concept of Interregional Coopera-tion in the Danube Space - DONAURE-GIONEN+” was implemented within the Transnational Cooperation Programme South East Europe (SEE) in the peri-od 2009-2012 and with the participa-tion of 19 partners from eight Danube re-gion countries. Five transnational ARGE subregions (Austria-Slovakia-Hungary, Hungary-Croatia- Serbia, Serbia-Roma-nia-Bulgaria, Romania-Bulgaria and Ro-mania-Moldova-Ukraine) were defined in the previous project INTERREG IIIB CADSES DONAUREGIONEN (2006-2008), within which then 19 cross-Dan-ube regions (CDR) were designated on the basis of (more or less) pronounced functional links between centers on the opposite sides of the Danube River (Ser-bia being included in the six of such ar-eas). The emphasis was particularly giv-en to those cross-Danube regions that are also of cross-border character. One of the tasks of the project DONAURE-GIONEN+ was to prepare development strategies for each of the defined cross-Danube regions, both on the basis of the

results of sectoral (analytical) studies and strategies for NUTS 3 regions along the Danube as part of the same project (natu-ral conditions, settlement structure and human resources, transport and techni-cal infrastructure and economic struc-ture), and on the basis of existing plan-ning and development documents, other initiatives, consultations with identified stakeholders etc. Basic elements/outputs of each cross-Danube development strat-egy included: the identification of the area, overview of the current situation on the basis of the four sectoral stud-ies and strategies, identification of rele-vant stakeholders, identification of rele-vant measures and projects with a focus on cross-border links, SWOT analysis, maps and references. The paper presents main aspects and results of the elabora-tion of cross-Danube strategies, particu-larly those that concern cross-border ter-ritory of Serbia, providing at the end a critical review in view of improving fur-ther similar activities.

Key words: DONAUREGIONEN+, cross-Danube regions, cross-border re-gions, strategy

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Analysis of precipitation charecteristics and trends for the Getic Piedmont and Subcarpathians, Oltenia Region, Romania

Alina Stefania Vladut, Irina Ontel

University of Craiova, Geography Department, Str. A. I. Cuza, nr. 13, Craiova, Dolj, Romania, e-mail: [email protected]

Changes in precipitation characteris-tics of the hilly area of Oltenia, covering the western parts of the Getic Piedmont and SubCarpathians, were analysed, based on monthly rainfall data, for the timeframe 1961 to 2010. The precipita-tion trend analysis for the period 1961-2010 shows different results–increasing precipitation in winter half part of the year for most of the Subcarpathian area and a rainfall decrease in summer half of the year for the entire region. The pied-mont part of the study area, with dom-inant agricultural land use, shows the highest spring precipitation decrease, whereas in the Subcarpathian area, sum-mer and autumn precipitation increase is most pronounced. The positive trends

are spatially most homogenous in Au-gust, September and October, while the most uniform negative trends were re-corded in February, May and November. At annual level, the most significant de-crease corresponds to the southwestern part of the piedmont, while the rest of the region displays an insignificant posi-tive trend. The SPA emphasized that nor-mal years (deviations oscillating between

-1.00 and +1.00) predominate; however, in the eastern part of the region there are lower percentages compared to the west-ern part (70-74% compared to 64-66%). At the same time, in the east, the share of dry weather is double compared to the western part, where rainy weather pre-dominates.

SESSION 1Applied geography; Hazard and risk

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Extreme precipitation in Northeastern Bulgaria

Nina Chenkova1, Nina Nikolova2

1 “Konstantin Preslavsky” University of Shumen, 115 Universitetska St, 9712, Shumen, Bulgaria; e-mail:[email protected]

2 “St. Kliment Ohridski” University of Sofia, Bulgaria

Increasing of the frequency of the extreme meteorological events in the last years considered as one of the con-sequences of climate change. Extreme weather and climate events have re-ceived increased attention in the last years due to their impact on different aspects of human activity.

The aim of the present research work is to bring to better understanding of the causes of extreme precipitation occur-rence in Northeast Bulgaria. Extreme wet months are investigated. Extremely wet months are defined as months with total precipitation amounts higher than 90% percentiles of the empirical distri-bution of the data. The extreme high precipitation totals is analyzed by calcu-lation of precipitation indices as num-ber of wet days, maximum number of

consecutive wet days, simple daily pre-cipitation index, heavy and very heavy precipitation days.

The relation between the fluctua-tions of the extreme precipitation events and large scale circulation processes is studied by the low frequency circula-tion indices, e.g. North Atlantic Oscilla-tion Indices (NAOI) and the Mediterra-nean Oscillation Indices (MOI).

The knowledge on spatial and tem-poral occurrences of extremely dry and wet months will help for further devel-opments of various strategies for miti-gation and adaptation to climate change and for effectively tackling environmen-tal problems.

Key words: extreme precipitation, Bulgaria, precipitation indices, circula-tion indices

Some basic geomorphologic characteristics of the Kopački rit morphogenesis and relief structure

Andrija Boris Bognar, Vjekoslav Šimunović

Faculty of science, University of Zagreb, Department of Geography, Trg Ivana Kukuljevića 11, Zagreb, Croatia; [email protected]

Kopački Rit is one of the largest fluvio-marshy plains in Europe (70 km2/230 km2 with parts of the Danube and Drave flood plain). It is a subsidental tectonic structure formed by accumulation-erosional action of the Danube and Drave water, as well as by limnological and organic-marshy sedi-

mentation. The faults of Apatin, Kopački Rit and Erdut had a decisive impact on its formation together with the thrust of the Metsek-Villany-Baranja tectonic structure during the middle and younger Quater-nary towards the E and SE. Those moves influenced changes of the Danube and

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Drave outflows, as well. Besides, they also resulted in formation of smaller subsid-ences with migration of the sinking focus.

In contrast to the monotonous plain phys-iognomy of the Kopački Rit, its micro-re-lief structure is relatively complex.

New methods for urban surface parameter calculation

Tamás Gál

Department of Climatology and Landscape Ecology, University of Szeged, POBox. 653, 6701 Szeged, Hungary; [email protected]

Studying the altered urban envi-ronment is important because of the high number of the involved inhabit-ants. In urban areas surface cover and geometry differ from the rural surfaces, and the water and energy balances are modified. As a result the thermal envi-ronment and the airflow conditions are modified, and these modifications af-fect the energy consumption and wind energy potential in urban areas. The evaluation of the urban surface geome-try and its parameters are not straight-forward, and still a rapidly developing field of research. In this paper new soft-

ware methods for the calculations of urban surface parameters are present-ed. These software tools enable us to evaluate the building and tree-crown databases from spectral and elevation data, and to use these two datasets to calculate SVF and roughness parame-ters. These software tools were applied for several study areas in Hungary, in order to test the methods and to gather information about the variance of the urban surface in this city.

Key words: building and tree data-sets, mapping tools, surface geometry, urban climate

Analysis of cold extreme and variability indices related to air temperature in the Romanian Carpathians and Intra-Carpathian areas

Adina-Eliza Croitoru, Adrian Piticar

Department of Physical and Technical Geography, Faculty of Geography, Babes-Bolyai University, 5-7, Clinicilor Street, 400006, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]

This research is part of a larger pro-ject on climate changes in Romania. Changes in daily extremes events is

one of the most important topic in cli-mate literature and many studies have been conducted so far at local or region-

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al scale worldwide. In this article, the Carpathian and intra-Carpathians re-gions of Romania were considered. This study is focused on analyzing the trends of daily extreme temperature indices at a regional scale over a period of 50 years: 1961–2010. Data sets of daily minimum and maximum temperature recorded in 10 weather stations were analyzed. The main goal was to find changes in daily extreme temperatures by using a set of 11 indices: 8 indices related to cold ex-treme temperatures and three indices related to variability in minimum-max-imum daily temperatures. The indices

were adopted from the core indices de-veloped by ETCCDMI with appropri-ate modifications to suit to the analyzed territory. The main results suggest that the climate has become warmer dur-ing the last decades in terms of cold ex-tremes, while no spatial coherence in trend was identified in variability indi-ces series.

Key words: climate changes, dai-ly extreme temperature indices; daily maximum and minimum temperatures; trend; Mann-Kendall test and Sen’s slope; Carpathians and intra-Carpathi-an areas of Romania

Temporal variation of suspended sediment load in the Velika Morava River at the mouth of the Danube River for the period 1967-2007

Sanja Mustafić1, Predrag Manojlović1, Milena Nikolić2, Tanja Dobrosavljević1

1 Faculty of Geography, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 3/III, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; [email protected]

2 Department of Geography, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000 Niš, Serbia; [email protected]

The paper is concerned with identi-fying changes in the time series of dis-charge (Q), suspended sediment con-centration (SSC) and sediment load (Qs) of the Velika Morva River. The catch-ment area on farthest hydrological pro-file Ljubičevski most on Velika Morava River is approximately 35496 km2. In this profile were carried out daily measure-ments of flow and concentration of silt in the period 1967 to 2007. Average per-ennial transport of suspended sediment is 2,57*106 t (72,4 t/km2/y) and ranged from 0,17*106 t (4,8 t/km2/y) to 10,02*106 t (282,2 t/km2/y). Trends determined for

Q, SSC and Qs are statistically obtained using the non-parametric Mann-Ken-dall test. Results of Mann-Kendall test show that Q has a slight declining trend of annual values which do not show sta-tistical significance. Decline in trend-line SSC and Qs is a significant at a lev-el of 0.01. Calculating the standardized regression coefficients, it was found that the relative impact of SSC on sediment load is 3.1 time higher than the impact of discharge. For the period 1967-2007 the average dicrease in sediment load at the mouth of the Velika Morava was 3,1 t/km2/y. Decrease in suspended sediment

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concentrations in recent period can be explained by changes in land use, neg-ative demographic development trends (depopulation of rural areas), carrying out conservation works in the catch-

ment and hydro-technical works in the river bed of the Velika Morava river.

Key words: trend of discharge, sus-pended sediment concentration, sus-pended load, Velika Morava, Serbia

Assessment of soil loss caused by bank erosion of the Veliki Timok river

Slavoljub Dragićević1, Nenad Živković1, Ivan Novković1, Radislav Tošić2

1 University of Belgrade, Faculty of Geography, Belgrade, Serbia2 Faculty of Natural Sciences, Banja Luka, Republic of Srpska, BiH

River bank erosion, accretion and lateral channel migration are the most important geomorphological processes in the Veliki Timok river. Lateral migra-tion has caused serious socio-econom-ic and environmental consequences for the disappearance of arable land and land use changes, but also economic loss due to the reduction of agricultural pro-duction. In this case, Veliki Timok river is a boundary watercourse along the in-ternational border (the border between Serbia and Bulgaria) and lateral migra-tion can caused a serious consequensc-es and regional significance. In the pre-sented study, we assessed how the river’s

shape and position have changed during 1969-2013 period using topographical maps, remote sensing and GIS. By com-paring the data from two periods, we determined the evolution of the Veliki Timok river course in 44 years. A better understanding of river channels migra-tion in this area will be of great impor-tance for practical issues such as pre-dicting channel migration rates for river engineering and planning purposes, soil and water management, border delinea-tion, land use changes, etc.

Key words: River bank erosion, lat-eral channel migration, soil loss, conse-quences

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Urban heat island and human thermal comfort monitoring system in Novi Sad (URBAN-PATH project)

Stevan Savić1, Dragan Milošević1, Vladimir Marković2, Daniela Arsenović2

1 Climatology and Hydrology Research Centre, Faculty of Science, University of Novi Sad; Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad; Serbia; e-mail: [email protected]

2 Center for Spatial Information of Vojvodina Province, Faculty of Science, University of Novi Sad; Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad; Serbia

Study area is Novi Sad, the second largest city in Serbia, with population of about 320.000 in a built-up area of around 80km2.

Direct objective of the project is the development of an innovative and unique monitoring system in the region (Szeged and Novi Sad), which strengthens cross-border cooperation by continuous data recording, transmission and processing, as well as the real-time public display of the processed data presented on maps. The stations of the urban monitoring net-works have temperature and relative hu-midity sensors inside and they are posted on lampposts at 4 m height. Their data are wirelessly uploaded every 10 minutes to a database for immediate and later process-ing and analysis (for instance, PET index patterns and forecasting).

A new climate-based classification system (local climate zones – LCZs)

was used for describing the local phys-ical conditions around measuring sites on the urban territory of Novi Sad (SRB). LCZs are defined as regions of uniform surface cover, structure, material, and human activity that span hundreds of meters to several kilometres in horizon-tal scale. Seven LCZ types were defined on the territory of Novi Sad. They are as follows: compact midrise, compact low-rise, open midrise, open low-rise, large low-rise, sparsely built and heavy indus-try. Two stations are located in the rural environment north and east from the city outskirts. In total, 27 meteorologi-cal stations make the urban monitoring network in the city of Novi Sad and its surroundings.

Key words: urban heat island, hu-man thermal comfort, monitoring net-work system, PET index pattern, public display, Novi Sad

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Reliability of Displaying Runoff Isolines in the Example of Jošanička River

Nenad Živković1, Slavoljub Dragićević1, Mrđan Đokić2, Sava Simić3, Stefana Babović4

1 University of Belgrade, Faculty of Geography, Belgrade, Serbia Corresponding author: Nenad Živković, [email protected]

2 University of Niš, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Nis, Serbia3 Institute for Nature Consevation of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia4 Institute of Geography “Jovan Cvijić”, Belgrade, Serbia

Runoff isolines in an river basin are the best way in which to visually and quantitatively representative water prop-erties of the area. The most common are isolines of specific runoff having a good trait to have comparable between basins with different characteristics. Howev-er, the question is how we get the values of these isolines, in effect, what is the de-gree of generalization in maps of large-scale, and of smaller scale. Is it possible these maps, primarily small-scale, use at small watersheds and how much er-ror estimates of runoff can be expect-ed. The answer will try to get at the ex-ample of Jošanička River, right tributary of the Ibar River, whose catchment area is 265 km2, and the height difference be-tween the lowest and highest point is of 1620 m. Multiple linear regression mod-el in which we estimate the runoff was obtained by studying the altitude gradi-

ent precipitation in Serbia and ultimate-ly be reduced to the importance of mean altitude of the catchment, the area under forest and diversity of igneous rocks. The illogicality of presentation runoff iso-lines can be displayed in two ways. The first is aimed at those who these lines as-sociate with contour lines, moving freely from basin to basin, and the other ones that combine watersheds and contour lines, in order to highlight the difference between the basins. Whatever we acted, due to the different conditions of runoff in adjacent basins, the error may exceed 10 ls-1km-2, so that the use of such maps in question. The solution can be found in the dotted assess of runoff shown in sections along the river, with the river depend on the choice of the scale of the map.

Key words: runoff isolines, Jošanička River, large scale map, inaccuracy

Inland excess water monitoring in Vojvodina (Serbia)

Dragoslav Pavić1, Minučer Mesaroš1,Stevan Savić1, Dragan Dolinaj1, Dragan Milošević1

1 Climatology and Hidrology Research Centre, Faculty of Science, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; [email protected]

Inland excess water represents a typ-ical natural hazard for the lower parts of the Carpathian basin, which are sus-

ceptible to inundation from upwelling groundwater and/or stagnating atmos-pheric waters. This is a frequent prob-

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lem particularly in Vojvodina (north Serbia) as the lowest part of the Car-pathian basin, despite the extensive hy-drotechnical melioration measures that were undertaken in the last two centu-ries in this region. The inland excess water inundations occur on lower lying terrains, local depressions and flat areas with impermeable soils, causing signifi-cant economic, social and environmen-tal problems. Despite the significance of this problem, the current metodology used for monitoring of inundated areas trough statistical survey is inadequate. Within the framework of the joint IPA cross border cooperation project be-tween the University of Szeged and Uni-versity of Novi Sad named “Measure-ment, monitoring, management and Risk assessment of inland Excess Wa-

ter in South-East Hungary and North Serbia (Using remotely sensed data and spatial data infrastructure)“ a nov-el methodology for inland excess water monitoring was applied. Inland excess water inundations were identified using various methods of supervised and un-supervised classification of satellite im-ages (RapidEye) and the spatial distribu-tion of affected areas was acquired for various periods between 2011 and 2013. These maps of areas affected by inun-dations are essential for further hazard and risk research in the future. By gain-ing better insight in the processes gov-erning the occurrence of inland excess water more efficent measures of damage mitigation can be established.

Key words: Inland excess water moni-toring, Vojvodina, Serbia, remote sensing

The characteristics of energy efficient buildings in different regions of Europe

Gábor Kozma

Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1., 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; [email protected]

Among the various environmental problems arising nowadays, special at-tention needs to be paid to energy, in connection with which on of the most important tasks is the decreasing of the energy consumption of buildings. As a result, much attention has been given recently to research projects aiming to analyse the technological, economical, etc. features of energy efficient build-ings. This paper examines such build-ings in four regions of Europe (Western Europe, Northern Europe, Central and Southeastern Europe and Southern Eu-

rope) that have received less attention, regarding differences in terms of spread over time, the influence of geographical factors, as well as the various functions concerned. The most important conclu-sion drawn is that the above factors are significantly influenced by the income position of the groups of countries, the applied technology, as well as the geo-graphical location of the settlements within the country concerned.

Key words: energy efficient build-ings, geographical location, income con-ditions

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Acknowledgment: The presentation is supported by the TÁMOP-4.2.2.A-11/1/KONV-2012-0041 project. The project is co-financed by the European Union and the European Social Fund.

Climate aridity of the Carpathian Serbia in the period 1961-2010

Radomir Ivanović1, Milena Nikolić2, Nataša Martić Bursać2

1 Department of Geography, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, University of Priština with temporary Head Office in Kosovska Mitrovica, Lole Ribara 29, 38220 Kosovska Mitrovica

2 Department of Geography, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000 Niš, Serbia; [email protected]

The most part of Carpathian Ser-bia for its geographical position be-longs to the zone of continental cli-mate with pronounced temperature extremes, large variations in rain-fall and extremely adverse pluviomet-ric regime. This paper presents data on mean monthly precipitation and air temperature for meteorological sta-tions Negotin, Zaječar, Bor, Knjaževac and Sokobanja for the period 1961-2010. On the basis of data on temperature and precipitation were determined and De Martone aridity index (Is) and Lang rain factor (Kf). Based on data of Lang rain factor in this territory arid climate prevails (Kf<60; Negotin 58,2 for the period 1961-90 and 52,0 for the period 1981-2010; Zaječar 58,7 (1961-1990), and

52,9 (1981-2010); Bor 57,7; Knjaževac 58,5), except the meteorological sta-tion Sokobanja which have humid cli-mate (Kf=63,1). Monthly values of rain factor for all meteorological stations in the Carpathian Serbia are the greatest in the cold period of the year and the least during the summer period. Data on annual and monthly aridity indexes show significant differences depending on the year. Monthly aridity indexes on meteorological stations show that the summer months- July, August and Sep-tember are dry, with Ism<20. The paper presents compared and evaluated cli-mate parameters for the two standard periods 1961-1990 and 1981-2010.

Key words: De Marton index, rain factor, aridity, Carpathian Serbia

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Hystorical Torrential Flood Events in Kolubara River Basin

Ana Petrović

Geographical Institute „Jovan Cvijić“, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia; [email protected]

There is a general agreement among scientists in Serbia that torrential floods are the most frequent and disastrous natural hazards in our country. Fatal torrential floods from April and May in 2014 are the latest testimony about that. In domestic literature, torrential floods or flash floods are defined as the water related natural hazards which are trig-gered by intensive rainfall showers caus-ing the sudden occurrence of maximal discharges and a high concentration of hard phase in torrential watersheds of small area, steep slopes and high soil erosion intensity. Since they are always followed by severe material damages and often casualties, the character of torrential flood events seems to be a real challenge in natural risk management in our country.

In this paper, phenomenon of tor-rential floods in Kolubara river basin is presented through temporal and spa-tial characterization of registered tor-rential flood events. The dataset of 121

recorded torrential flood events in the Kolubara river basin for the period 1929-2010 is derived from the Inventory of torrential floods in Serbia for the period of 99 years, 1915-2013 (with 848 torren-tial flood events and over 133 casualties). The main focus is on the frequency of occurrence of registered torrential flood events. Within a year there is a prima-ry peak in May and June and secondary peak in February; this finding greatly corresponds to the monthly distribu-tion of all registered events on the In-ventory level. Frequency of torrential floods occurrence within a researched period shows a significant increment, the number of registered events is more than doubled comparing the lat-est period (1991-2010) with the first one (1929-1960), while the in-between peri-od (1961-1990) already indicate that in-crease.

Key words: Kolubara, torrential floods, event distribution, frequency, damages

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A joined rock magnetic and colorimetric perspective on the Late Pleistocene climate of Orlovat loess site (Northern Serbia)

Tin Lukić1, Biljana Basarin1, Björn Buggle2, Slobodan B. Marković1, Vladimir M. Tomović3, Jovanka Popov Raljić1, Ivana Hrnjak1, Alida Timar-Gabor4, Ulrich Hambach5, Milivoj B. Gavrilov1, Đordjije A. Vasiljević1, Miroslav D. Vujičić1, Milan Tomić1, Branislav Živaljević1, Strahinja Petreš1

1 Department of Geography, Tourism and Hotel Management, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia. E-mail: [email protected]

2 Geological Institute, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstr. 5, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland.3 Faculty of Technology, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad,

Serbia.4 Faculty of Environmental Science, Babeş-Bolyai University, Fântânele 30, 400294 Cluj

Napoca, Romania, Interdisciplinary Research Institute on Bio-Nano-Science of Babeş-Bolyai University, Treboniu Laurean 42, 400271 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.

5 Chair of Geomorphology, University of Bayreuth, D-95440, Bayreuth, Germany.

This study represents the first de-tailed joined colorimetric and rock magnetic investigation of loess-pale-osol sequence in the Vojvodina region, Northern Serbia. The aim of this paper is to derive new information on the Late Pleistocene paleoenvironment from a high resolution multi-proxy assessment of the iron mineralogical composition at the Orlovat loess-paleosol sequence. The Orlovat section is the first site from the Banat loess region analyzed for Qua-ternary paleoclimate information and accordingly it is the easternmost loess section in the Serbian loess region stud-ied so far. In contrast to other Serbian sites, the Orlovat site is not located in plateau. Rock magnetic analysis and the luminescence-dating based chronolo-gy revealed active slope processes at this site during the Late Pleistocene. This is the most strikingly evidenced by the missing of a Middle Wurmian (MIS 3) interstadial pedocomplex, which, how-ever, is present as marker horizon in the Serbian plateau-loess sites.

Nevertheless, important stratigraph-ic units and distinct pattern of the proxy records can be correlated to other key sites of the Vojvodina loess region. Hence, this section provides an opportunity to reconstruct local as well as regional envi-ronmental and climatic conditions dur-ing the Late Pleistocene. The applied multiproxy approach especially allowed valuable insight in the environmental conditions that prevailed during forma-tion of the last interglacial pedocomplex. Accordingly, in the Eemian pronounced summer dryness prevailed. During the formation of the Eemian soil, the estival dry period was warmer and lasted longer or was characterized by less precipitation as during formation of the modern soil. While, the soil moisture deficit in the Ee-mian summers was most likely higher, the rainfall was more pronounced in the period of from spring to early summer / and or autumn as during the Holocene. These findings support previous observa-tions from the Batajnica site, a key site of the Vojvodina loess region and highlight

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the Eemian as potential past analoga to future climate warming in Serbia.

This study points out the potential of a joined colorimetric or spectromet-ric analyses and rock magnetic analyses

in paleoenvironmental investigations on loess paleosol- sequences.

Key words: loess-paleosol sequenc-es, soil color indices, Orlovat, Vojvodina, Northern Serbia

The study of the hazards related to the NATECH events associated to tailing ponds in the Upper Tisza Basin (Romania)

Viorel Arghius, Radu Mihaiescu, Cristian Malos, Simion Beldean

Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Babes-Bolyai University, 30 Fantanele Street, 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania, [email protected]

The territories affected by ore exploi-tations have attracted inhabitants for hundreds and even thousands of years, simply because that these locations have positive economical aspects. But the in-habitants of the respective territories were drawn into an intricate compro-mise, sometimes with catastrophic con-sequences. In the last years, in the study area, natural hazards (especially abun-dant rainfall and rapid snowmelt) trig-gered several technological disasters, with major implications on social, eco-nomical and especially environmental

level. This presentation entails a research on hazards generated by NATECH events related to tailing ponds in the Up-per Tisza Basin - Romania (flash-floods, mud/debris flows, instability slope and erosion processes, water pollution), con-sidering the morphometric characteris-tics, GIS mapping/analysis, the spatial and temporal evolution, the specific re-lated consequences and the prepared-ness and operational management meas-ures, both structural and nonstructural.

Key words: risk phenomena, tailing ponds, Tisza Basin, NATECH events

Acknowledgement: This work has been supported by NATO SfP 984440 Project.

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A GIS analysis of Local Climate Zones and human thermal condition patterns in Novi Sad: Preliminary results

Vladimir Marković1, Stevan Savić2, Dragan Milošević2, Daniela Arsenović1, Uglješa Stankov1

1 Center for Spatial Information of Vojvodina Province, Faculty of Science, University of Novi Sad; Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad; Serbia; e-mail: [email protected]

2 Climatology and Hydrology Research Centre, Faculty of Science, University of Novi Sad; Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad; Serbia

This research examines anlysis of lo-cal climate zones (LSZs) and human ther-mal comfort indexes using GIS. Seven LCZs types were defined on the territo-ry of Novi Sad: compact midrise, compact low-rise, open midrise, open low-rise, large low-rise, sparsely built and heavy in-dustry. In total, 27 meteorological stations with integrated temperature and relative humidity sensors make the urban moni-

toring network in the city of Novi Sad and its surroundings. Using GIS software Arc-Map 10.1, based on the analysis of the pro-portion of each LCZs and collected data from the network, human thermal com-fort index pattern (for instance, PET in-dex) in study area was determined.

Key words: Local climate zone, Ur-ban heat island, GIS, Human thermal condition, Novi Sad

New data on riverbank failure along the Jiu at Drănic, Oltenia Plain (Romania)

Sandu Boengiu

University of Craiova, 13, A.I. Cuza Str., Craiova, Romania; e-mail: [email protected]

The analysed sector lies on the left bank of the Jiu river, along its low-er course. There is a consequent val-ley which developed out of piedmont plains, made up of alternative layers of sands, gravels and clay covered by loess; the Pleisocene neotectonic and climat-ic conditions gave it an asymmetric de-pression-like character, with a step left bank and abrupt right bank which is permanently undercut. The permanent tendency of the Jiu to deviate westwards is frequently cited in the literature, be-

ing the result of the different uplift of the various compartments of the Wal-lach Platform base. Consequently, on the right slope there occur frequent mass movements triggered by the riv-er side erosion, which wears away the bank, removes the materials brought at the base and periodically disequilibrates the slope. Within the convex part of the meanders the undercutting increases, triggering failures and landslides, while where the slope neighbours the concave part of the meanders, there is no under-

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cutting, the slope reaching some equi-librium.

Along the analysed bank, on a 3 kil-ometres distance, there are two differ-ent situations. On one hand, the river is generally undercutting the bank, there are recent failures or even currently tak-ing place, while in other case, there is no longer any undercutting of the bank, and the failures are older or have been transformed into landslide mass. These situations alternate and are the result of the frequent changes in the Jiu riverbed within the flood plain, due to a gentle slope and high quantities of sediments which caused the riverbed aggradation. The increased sinuosity of the minor

river bed, the emergence of gooseneck-like meanders for relatively short pe-riods of time and the tendency of river depletion clearly point to the low trans-port capacity of the Jiu and predisposi-tion for side erosion.

The investigation of the two situa-tions aimed at deciphering the mecha-nisms that lead to the bank failure and regression, identifying the causes and evaluating the effects and spatial dis-tribution of the areas which are high-ly vulnerable. For this purpose, field in-vestigations were carried on, there were selected the sites for monitoring and measurements were done in order to de-termine the stability conditions.

New data on riverbank failure along the Jiu at Drănic, Oltenia Plain (Romania)

Sandu Boengiu, Oana Ionus, Liliana Popescu, Emil Marinescu, Daniel Smulescu

University of Craiova, 13, A.I. Cuza Str., Craiova, Romania, e-mail: [email protected]

The analysed sector lies on the left bank of the Jiu river, along its low-er course. There is a consequent val-ley which developed out of piedmont plains, made up of alternative layers of sands, gravels and clay covered by loess; the Pleisocene neotectonic and climat-ic conditions gave it an asymmetric de-pression-like character, with a step left bank and abrupt right bank which is permanently undercut. The permanent tendency of the Jiu to deviate westwards is frequently cited in the literature, be-ing the result of the different uplift of the various compartments of the Wal-lach Platform base. Consequently, on the right slope there occur frequent

mass movements triggered by the riv-er side erosion, which wears away the bank, removes the materials brought at the base and periodically disequilibrates the slope. Within the convex part of the meanders the undercutting increases, triggering failures and landslides, while where the slope neighbours the concave part of the meanders, there is no under-cutting, the slope reaching some equi-librium.

Along the analysed bank, on a 3 kil-ometres distance, there are two differ-ent situations. On one hand, the river is generally undercutting the bank, there are recent failures or even currently tak-ing place, while in other case, there is no

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longer any undercutting of the bank, and the failures are older or have been transformed into landslide mass. These situations alternate and are the result of the frequent changes in the Jiu riverbed within the flood plain, due to a gentle slope and high quantities of sediments which caused the riverbed aggradation. The increased sinuosity of the minor river bed, the emergence of gooseneck-like meanders for relatively short pe-riods of time and the tendency of river depletion clearly point to the low trans-

port capacity of the Jiu and predisposi-tion for side erosion.

The investigation of the two situa-tions aimed at deciphering the mecha-nisms that lead to the bank failure and regression, identifying the causes and evaluating the effects and spatial dis-tribution of the areas which are high-ly vulnerable. For this purpose, field in-vestigations were carried on, there were selected the sites for monitoring and measurements were done in order to de-termine the stability conditions.

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Economic-geographical development of Danubian Ključ as factor of demographic and economic revitalization

Mila Pavlović, Filip Krstić

Faculty of Geography, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 3/3, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia, [email protected]

Danubian Ključ is micro region in the eastern part of Serbia. It covers an area of 629 km2 and according to 2011 census data this area has a population of 20,635 inhabitants. Based on the physiographic regionalization we can distinguish two regions, Upper and Lower Ključ. Based on the functions of this region there are three economic-geographic areas: farming areas, animal hubandry are-as and forestry areas. in future develop-ment and demographic revitalization of this region, agriculture should be a key developing sector. Agriculture should be directed to intensification of animal husbundry, which would directly influ-ence farming and food industry develop-ment. This would slow down the process of depopulation, and thus emigration from this region. There are natural re-sources in this region that could intensi-fy this function. These natural resourc-es could be improved by measures of government and local authorities. In-tensification and strengthening of these two functions would be aimed primar-

ily towards demographic revitalization of this region. Developing orientation of forest regions is also important. It should be based on the forest protection, forestation, and rational use of existing forest fund. Tourism should be included as a developing factor, also. Agricultur-al development should be accompanied by the construction of small industrial facilities, that would base their produc-tion on local resources. In this develop-ing cycle, we can not ignore the existing industrial, transportation and tourist infrastructure. However, given the con-dition in which the transportation and tourist infrastructure are, investments in their revitalization are necessary. The main objective of all these measures is to raise the level of economic develop-ment of the region, with the final goal of slowing the emigration and decrease the intensity of depopulation and dea-grarization.

Key words: Ključ, economic revival, demographic revitalization, natural re-sources, depopulation

SESSION 2Local and regional development; Cross-border cooperation in the Central and Southeast Europe regions

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Residential Suburbanization between Causes and Consequences. Case study: Bucharest Municipality

Zamfir Daniela1, Stoica Ilinca-Valentina2, Ianoș Ionuţ-Lucian3

1 University of Bucharest, Faculty of Geography, Interdisciplinary Center for Advanced Research on Territorial Dynamics, Bucharest, Regina Elisabeta 4-12, Sector 1, 0040213138410, [email protected]

2 University of Bucharest, Faculty of Geography, Interdisciplinary Center for Advanced Research on Territorial Dynamics, Bucharest, Regina Elisabeta 4-12, Sector 1, 0040213138410, [email protected]

3 University of Bucharest, Faculty of Geography, Interdisciplinary Center for Advanced Research on Territorial Dynamics, Bucharest, Regina Elisabeta 4-12, Sector 1, 0040213138410, [email protected]

One of the most significant process-es of urban restructuring in the post-communist towns is the explosive decen-tralization of the urban functionalities. While suburbanization in the post-com-munist period was quasi-limited, start-ing with the late 1990s it became the defining characteristic of the urban dy-namics. Romania has known an atypi-cal suburbanization process, completely different from the other European coun-tries. During the socialist regime, the suburban areas developed due especially to migration from the poor rural regions, only after 1990 being noticed a typical suburbanization process. Practically, the Romanian residential suburbanization phenomenon can be split into successive stages depending on the determining factors and also the public policies and the legislation measures, characterized by uncertainty and even contradictions. Thus, from „a false suburbanization” in the communist regime to „a chaotic sub-urbanization” nowadays, Romania has followed a long way over 40 years.

The most typical example for that purpose it is Bucharest municipality

whose suburban area is more and more extended despite limitation attempts or even constructions’ arrangement. In or-der to evaluate the extent to which this phenomenon extended, a few relevant indicators are analyzed, such as: demo-graphic evolution, evolution of the num-ber of dwellings, dynamics of inhabited area etc., within the adjacent suburban area.

Suburbanization signifies the ef-fect of the general process of chang-ing the economy, politics and society of the transition towards a market econ-omy. The impact of legislative and in-stitutional changes was, at the end, the evolution of characteristics of the com-pact socialist town towards a fast com-mercial and especially residential ur-banization that takes the form of an irregular blur. All these correlated fac-tors have lead Bucharest municipality to experience a phenomenon of a cha-otic suburbanization process, an „ur-ban sprawl” that is difficult to control and limit.

Key words: suburbanization, legisla-tion, change, evolution, urban policies

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Geographical designation of Montenegro to the Danube region

Miroslav Doderović, Zlatko Bulić

University of Montenegro; e-mail: [email protected]

The geographical position of a coun-try is variable and depends largely on the place and the role it plays in specific his-torical circumstances. Montenegro ex-tends between 41° 39’ and 43° 33’ north latitude and between 18° 26’ and 20° 21’ east longitude. The importance and sen-sitivity of Montenegro as the Mediterra-nean countrie should be viewed in real time, and political conditions in ratio to vital places, such as Gibraltar, Sicilian Passage, Strait of Otranto, Crete, Cyprus, Suez, the Dardanelles and Bosporus. The position of Montenegro in the Mediter-ranean, in terms of spatial distance of all major places, except Otrant door is rel-atively favorable. Gibraltar is 2,000 km, Sicilian passage of about 800 km, Suez about 1500 km, the Dardanelles and Bos-porus about 600 km, the Black Sea about 500 km, the coast of North Africa (Lib-ya) about 1000 km. Strait of Otranto is located about 150 km from the south-western part, which is a disadvantage for the security of the territory. The impor-tance of the Adriatic and Mediterrane-an position increased with the construc-

tion of the Adriatic highway in 1965, and the railroad Belgrade - Bar in 1976, and the port of Bar. After the construction of the Belgrade – Bar railway, it is possible to “communicate” Montenegrin territo-ry to the Danube basin. The transport system in Montenegro and Serbia pro-vide coordination of all transport modes. This, as the two busiest Montenegrin di-rection (Adriatic highway and railway Belgrade - Bar) summarizes a number of trade flows from more developed parts of Europe and the Danube region (west-ern and eastern part of Central Europe) and it is almost the same move tangent to Montenegro, which is very favorable circumstance in terms of evaluation of its total potential. The strategic objec-tives of the transport sector as integra-tion into the European transport net-work (Trans - European corridors V and X), the improvement of relations with countries in the region and the Danube region and the creation of an efficient transport system.

Key words: location, tourism, trans-port, railways

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Creative cities in Hungary? – Current trends in the creative economy of major Hungarian cities

Tamás Egedy

Geographical Institute, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H – 1112 – Budapest, Budaörsi út 45. Hungary; e-mail: [email protected]

The growing importance of cities and metropolitan regions in the eco-nomic development of countries has been widely acknowledged, so they ap-pear in the international arena more and more as engines of economic com-petitiveness. Most recently, these urban regions tend to show a strong econom-ic restructuring towards creative econo-my and innovation. As a consequence of recent restructuring processes, research regarding creativity, knowledge and in-novation came to the fore in the East Central European context as well.

During the economic transforma-tion of Hungary, that has taken place since the change of regime in 1989-90, it became clear that it is the knowledge-intensive sector where Hungary has good opportunities to enter successfully in the European competition. Therefore, since about the turn of millennium the

role of creative economy has been stead-ily growing in national, regional and local economic policies and strategies. Due to the economic crisis the compet-itiveness of Hungarian cities decreased in international comparison. According to the statistics, we can say that the cri-sis did not affect the competitive edge of Budapest. The economic crisis, however, clearly intensified the competition be-tween regional centres.

This presentation highlights the main trends that have been taking place in the creative economy of Hungary in the last decade, with special empha-sis on the changing role of creative and knowledge-intensive industries and the local effects of the global economic cri-sis. Results of the analyses on the corre-lation between the position (rank-size) in the settlement hierarchy and the share of creative economy will be provided.

Attitude of The People of Serbia Towards Croatia as Potential Tourist Destination

Igor Stamenković, Snežana Besermenji, Ivana Blešić, Tatjana Pivac, Mirjana Penić, Ljubica Ivanović

Faculty of Sciences, Department of Geography, Tourism and Hotel Management Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; [email protected]

Tourism can transcend administra-tive borders by bringing people clos-er together through the understanding

of different cultures, heritages, and be-liefs. Therefore, it is potentially one of the most important tools for promoting

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peace among the peoples of the world. The relations between Serbia and Cro-atia are very important for the stabili-ty of Southeastern Europe. The violent breakup of Yugoslavia at the beginning of the 1990s destroyed and severed the relations between two largest Yugoslav republics, and more importantly, rela-tions between Serbs and Croats. Tour-ism development can be an efficient means for promoting peace in both these countries. In recent years, the tourism development strategy of Cro-atia has included efforts in trying to evoke the nostalgic and other forgotten

feelings that Serbian tourists have with regard to Croatian islands and beach-es. The fact that the number of Serbi-an tourists continued to grow over the years, especially on the Croatian Adri-atic, best speaks of the success of that strategy. This paper presents the result of a survey that was conducted in 2012 on 850 residents from Serbia. The study is focused on determining the image that Croatia has with potential tour-ists from Serbia, and the level of their awareness of Croatian tourist offer.

Key words: Croatia, Serbia, tourism, destination image, perception

The role of police in achieving security on the Danube as international waterways in Serbia

Vladimir M. Cvetković, Boban Milojković, Dragan Mlađan, Slobodan Miladinović

The Academy of Criminalistic and Police Studies, Cara Dušana 196, Belgrade, Serbia; [email protected]

Danube as an international naviga-ble river in Serbia and water main roads of central and southeastern Europe, de-spite all of its advantages it contains one of the kind of components suitable for performing criminal activities (gener-al, economic and organized crime and terrorism). Also, it can happen flood-ing, traffic accidents, fires and accidents that require the involvement of special-ly trained first responders. In addition, the specificity of the police work aimed at achieving security of the Danube, di-rectly contributed to the development of police organization and in this segment. It is, therefore, a separate organization-al unit of Serbian police such as river po-lice, border police, gendarmerie special-ized units (divers) and fire-rescue units

with fire boats, trained and equipped in order to take preventive and repressive measures and actions in order to pre-serve security on the Danube and the actions of protection and rescue of peo-ple, material and cultural resources and the environment.

Considering the international, cross-border, security-protective, water man-agement, transport, tourism, sports and recreation, hunting and other issues on the river Danube, the authors present the possibility of an integrated security man-agement at international navigable riv-ers. Specifically, the paper introduced the modern concept of the security manage-ment of the overall creative and destruc-tive anthropogenic and natural phenom-ena and processes that are manifested in

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the international waterway (river) road, and are related to the joint efforts of po-lice, customs, inspection services, port authorities, emergency medical, army, line ministries and other state agencies, water management companies, local au-thorities, social organizations and citi-zens. As part of continuous professional training of police officers to perform po-lice duties and their actions to safeguard the security of the international water-

way, the authors emphasize the impor-tance of two-way cooperation between the police and the teaching and research institution engaged in geospatial, hydro-technical, meteorological, information and communication traffic, water supply and other research in the field of the is-sues in question.

Key words: Police, Danube interna-tional waterway, the realization of secu-rity, integrated management

Water quality monitoring system on transboundary watercourses

Zsófia Kovács1, Igor Cretescu2, Zoltán Zsilák3, Iuliana Gabriela Breabăn4, Ákos Rédey1 1 University of Pannonia, Institute of Environmental Engineering, 10. Egyetem St.,

Veszprém H-8200, Hungary, *corresponding author email: [email protected]

2 “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, 73 D. Mangeron St., 700050, Iasi, Romania,*corresponding author email: [email protected]

3 University of Pannonia, Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, 10. Egyetem St., Veszprém H-8200, Hungary

4 “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, Faculty of Geography and Geology, Dept. of Geography, Iasi, Romania

The role of waters – as a strategic re-source – has greatly appreciated from social, environmental and economic as-pects. Transboundary river courses and river catchment areas are not restrict-ed to the geographical territory of a par-ticular country, thus the parameters characterizing water bodies (pollution and conditions resulting from geolog-ical attributes) cannot be restricted to the territory of the country, either. Dur-ing the implementation of the trans-boundary monitoring plan, should be taken into consideration the particular aspects characteristics to each involved

country: different cultures, standards, local regulations and technical levels. In order to elaborate the required pro-grams all these information are needed.

Remote-controlled automatic on-line monitoring systems provide more useful and continuous monitoring ca-pabilities by providing accurate data on change in water quality in real time. Technical considerations, which are worthy to be included in the analysis of such kind of systems, are addressed: the system structure (number, type and lo-cation of water quality monitoring sta-tions), number and type of measured in-

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dicators, transducers and sensors used for measurements, sampling frequen-cy and data processing, including some practical and operating issues. Develop-ment of monitoring expert systems for surface waters in the context of sustain-able management of water resources in East-European countries: Hungary and Romania cases.

The efficiency of the on-line systems can be demonstrated. This system al-lows detailed study of the interaction of the parameters of interest in real-time.

Key words: surface water, automated water quality station, indicator physical and chemical parameters, expert system

Acknowledgement: This work was supported by the European Union and co-financed by the European Social Fund in the frame of the TÁMOP-4.1.1.C-12/1/KONV-2012-0015. This work was supported by the European Union and co-financed by the European Social und in the frame of the TÁMOP-4.2.2.A-11/1/KONV-2012-0064.

Cross-border cooperation of Serbia and Romania in the Danube area

Branka Tošić, Zora Živanović

University of Belgrade, Geographical Faculty, Studentski trg III/3, Belgrade, Serbia; [email protected]; [email protected]

Danube cross-border area between Serbia and Romania reached signifi-cantly lower levels of socio-econom-ic development, with under-valorized overall potential of the area, lower transportation and infrastructure fa-cilities, as well as without big cities and without important developing cent-ers. The significant fact for exceeding those circumstances is based on the in-itiative of the European Union and the definition of European instruments supporting cooperation of states along the Danube River flow, as well as more specific territorial entities that are di-rectly related to the river, during the 1990s, and especially in the last decade. Among them are strategies of Danube regions development, strategies aimed to protect the environment of the

Danube area, cross-border and trans-national cooperation programs, eu-roregional cooperation, local bilateral collaboration, and also commission for river traffic regulation, for water quali-ty control etc.

The most important result of two countries cooperation in this area is big hydroelectric system built during the 1970s. As this area is also rich in significant natural landmarks and cul-tural sites with international character, the future priority of the cooperation is based on environment protection and sustainable development of tourism activities, energetics development, im-proving infrastructure and traffic ac-cessibilities. Adopted spatial plans in Serbia – national plan, two regional plans and spatial plans for the special-

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purpose areas that include this Danube area, support cross-border cooperation between two countries in all territory levels and point to the main and con-crete cooperation aims and planning

measures according to these realiza-tion.

Key words: sustainable development, cooperation, cross-border area, Danube, Serbia, Romania

Cruise Ship Tourists in Serbia: Problems in Statistical Analysis

Aleksandra Dragin, Branislav Đurđev, Časlav Kalinić

Faculty of Science, Department for Geography, Tourism and Hotel Management, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia, Trg Dositeja Obradovica 3, [email protected]

This study focuses on statistical analysis of the tourism traffic, in par-ticular the cruise ship tourists and Ser-bia as a recipient/host country, and whether it correspond with UNWTO recommendations for collecting and processing statistical data (SD). It makes a comparison of statistical methods used in Serbia and neighboring Croatia.

Danube cruises have become popu-lar, with over 100,000 tourist visits to Serbia per year. It has been noticed that this number of tourists is not includ-ed in official SD in Serbia. The question

that arises is what causes this omis-sion of large number of tourists, and if there are more of them? What needs to be done to change the current statistical methodology so that it corresponds to the ever-fluctuating trends in tourism?

This research will offer valuable data critical for improving the methods used in estimating tourist traffic, which can be further used in the field of tourism destination management.

Key words: Tourism, statistics, methods, international arrivals, cruis-ing, Serbia

Cross-Border Cooperation and Human Capital – Relations and Challenges

Gordana Vojković1, Vera Gligorijević1, Vlasta Kokotović2

1 University of Belgrade, Faculty of Geografphy, Studentski trg 3/III, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia, [email protected], [email protected]

2 Geographical Institute “Jovan Cvijić” SASA, Djure Jakšića 9, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia, [email protected]

The aim of this paper is to contrib-ute to the discussion about the role of

human capital in the development of cross-border cooperation. The key re-

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search question raised in this paper is as follows: to what extent is human capital a limiting factor of cross-border cooper-ation? Empirical research covers the ter-ritory of the Danube Region in Serbia, especially the municipalities involved in some of the cross-border coopera-tion programs with Hungary, Romania and Bulgaria. Based on current demo-graphic trends, the paper provides de-tailed analysis of the educational struc-ture of the population and the growth

of tertiary education. The results show an unfavorable educational structure in the border regions, a relatively slow growth of highly educated people and an above average participation rate of early-levers. The main conclusion is that the cross-border cooperation pro-grams could be a useful instrument of human capital development.

Key words: Human capital, cross-border cooperation, Danube region, ed-ucation

Experience in tourism regionalization of Bosnia and Herzegovina and delimitation of tourist region in the area of Northeast Bosnia

Senada Nezirović

European University of Brčko District - Bosnia and Herzegovina, Armije RBiH 9, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina; n.senada@ yahoo.com

The study of tourism development of northeast Bosnia within this paper, re-quires spatial definition, i.e. delimitation of tourist region in the area of northeast Bosnia. The motives and goals of search-ing basically come down to the need to establish effective coordination of tour-ism development at the regional level, stakeholder connecting tourist destina-tions, on a number of issues of common development and achieving greater effi-ciency in overall economic development. In delimiting of the region, there was taken a draft of functional tourist re-gionalization of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

During the conducted field research, the emphasis is placed on the detailed attri-bution of natural-geographic and socio-geographic tourist motives and their role in the spatial organization and the devel-opment of tourism. This paper presents the tourist-geographic characteristics of northeast Bosnia, the short analysis of the areas was given where there are tour-ist resources and facilities with predom-inant function of tourism, or in which tourism can become the dominant eco-nomic activity.

Key words: northeast Bosnia, tourist region, development

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Transboundary cooperation between Romania and Ukraine on disastrous effects of toxic pollution in the Tisza River watershed

Simion Beldean, Cristian Malos, Viorel Arghius, Radu Mihaiescu

Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Babes-Bolyai University, 30 Fantanele Street, 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania, [email protected]

The combined efforts of countries in the Tisza River Basin together with ICP-DR (International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River) made this river a good example of the deter-mination to well manage a transbound-ary basin. Based on the activities within NATO SfP 984440 Project we will try to develop and strengthen the cross-bor-der cooperation between Romania and Ukraine. The overall goal of the project is the creation of a system of joint mon-itoring, forecasting, information shar-ing, and coordination of actions to pre-vent pollution of transboundary rivers in Romania and Ukraine. This system will be implemented in the Upper Tisza watershed, providing us with a better understanding of the river’s dynamics in quantitative and qualitative terms

as a key tool for scientifically-based and cost-effective management of water re-sources in Ukraine and Romania. The auxiliary goals are the know-how to Ukrainian authorities/researchers and building the capacity of research groups from institutes and academia to inde-pendently carry out up-to-date the en-vironmental studies on pollution trans-port, floods, early-warning and disaster prevention. All activities will be coordi-nated in collaboration with the ICPDR (International Commission for the Pro-tection of the Danube River), and the partners will take part at their activities in the subject area.

Key words: NATO SfP 984440 Pro-ject, Romania, Ukraine, transbounda-ry cooperation, Tisza Basin, toxic pol-lution

Acknowledgement: This work has been supported by NATO SfP 984440 Project.

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Formation and geology of the collapse valley of Ravna River and Samar natural bridge (eastern Serbia)

Aleksandar Petrović, Ivana Carević

University of Belgrade, Faculty of Geography, Studentski trg 3/3, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; [email protected]; [email protected]

During the Late Jurassic and Bar-remian/Early Aptian platform carbon-ates were deposited in the Getic of Car-patho-Balkanides (eastern Serbia) and represents remnants of the Getic Car-bonate Platform in the northern Teth-ys domain deformed during the Alpine orogeny. This study intends to bring newest information about the genesis of Ravna River doline in karst and Sa-mar natural bridge on the NE slopes of Kučaj Mts (Carpatho-Balkanides). The prevailing sedimentary rock is a mas-sive reef limestone of Tithonian age, up to 400 m thick. In order to determine the genesis and potential impact of nat-ural bridge for weathering sedimento-logical investigations were carried out and discussed with regard to matrix and grains. The relationship between surface karst development and the ge-ology is considerably acknowledged. Petrographic analysis of thin-sections led to the recognition of microsparite resulted from the recrystallization of

micritic matrix dominated in the low-er part of natural bridge. Thin-sections from the upper parts show extensive recrystallization that has destroyed original depositional texture thus de-creasing the weathering potential of the Samar natural bridge. Stylolites of low amplitude marked by Fe-oxides are noticeable and related to the tectonic deformations.

Lithological and tectonic conditions reduced further advance of karst pro-cess in a valley in the middle course of Ravna River. In this place was formed a tunnel cave whose roof has collapsed in a stage of collapse valley development. Collapse valley of Ravna River in a length of 600 m shows characteristics of a shallow and narrow gorge with steep sides. Samar natural bridge and two af-fluent cave channels represents the rem-nants of a former cave.

Key words: Natural bridge, collapse valley, Tithonian, Getic, eastern Serbia, recrystallization, weathering

SESSION 3Geography and global change; Environment and sustainable development

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Drought Vulnerability of Agriculture in Bulgaria

Nina Nikolova, Milkana Mochurova

University of Sofia, Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd. 15, Sofia 1504, Bulgaria; e-mail: [email protected]

The negative trend in many years’ precipitation changes established in various regions in Bulgaria show that there is high probability of occurrence of frequent and intensive droughts in the country.Besides, agriculture in Bul-garia is mainly rain-fed, which makes drought vulnerability an important re-search topic.

The overall objective of the study is to provide information about socio-eco-nomic impacts of climate extremes, par-ticularly of drought on agriculture in Bulgaria through spatial analysis of the vulnerability of agriculture. In regard of this three specific goals are defined: 1) analyse changes in air temperature and precipitation in main agricultural re-gions of Bulgaria in terms of analyse the occurrence of dry periods; 2) calculation of water requirement of some crops cul-tivated in Bulgaria, and 3) assessment of drought vulnerability of agriculture at various territorial levels.

In order to achieve the aims of the study the following tasks are solved: ¨ determination of the trend of air

temperature and precipitation; ¨ calculation of Standardized Precip-

itation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) and determination of drought frequency and intensity;

¨ calculation of crop water require-ment;

¨ analyses socio-economic aspects of impacts of drought for agriculture

¨ analyses of adaptive capacity and vulnerability of agriculture relat-ed to drought in different regions in Bulgaria and comparisons with oth-er European countries

The results from the investigation could be user in risk management and land use planning.

Key words: drought, agriculture; vulnerability, adaptive capacity

Seasonal river flow variability of Middle and Lower Danube River and its tributaries

Nelly Hristova

Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, 15 Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd. 1504 Sofia; e-mail: [email protected]

The seasonality of stream flow vari-ability indicates special feature of local cycle of precipitations, evaporation and the timing of snowmelt. This study pre-

sents seasonal occurrence of maximal and minimal annual flows and spatial variability of seasonal index (Is) in Mid-dle and Lower Danube river basin. The

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analysis is based on 47 time series of monthly runoff (12 for Danube river and 36 for its tributaries), which are collected from public database. The results show that maximum annual stream flow ap-pears during all months, but with high-est frequency in April for 68% from wa-tersheds. It varies between one and 60% (Danube – Baziaz). The minimum monthly flow is concentrate in sum-mer-autumn hydrological season, except for Jalomita, Siret and Prut river basins, where it is in the winter. The highest fre-quency of minimum monthly runoff for

Danube River and Tisza River is in Oc-tober and November and for Sava River and Velika Morava River – in August and September. Lowest and highest month-ly discharge of the given month in the entire period records in different years. Seasonal index (Is) is between 0,98 and 3,18. It is about 1,00 for Danube River and more then 2,00 for Tisza, Jalomita, Siret and Prut watersheds. Is is stability

– coefficient of variation is till 0,30 with the exception of several river basins. The seasonality of stream flow variability of Middle and Lower Danube.

Utilization of historical sources in the study of the Danube flood in year 1895

Marián Melo1, Pavla Pekárová2, Katarína Melová3, Cyntia Dujsíková4

1 Comenius University, Faculty Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Mlynská dolina, 842 48 Bratislava, Slovakia; [email protected]

2 Institute of Hydrology SAS, Račianska 75, 831 02 Bratislava, Slovakia; [email protected]

3 Slovak Hydrometeorological Institute, Jeséniova 17, 833 15 Bratislava, Slovakia; [email protected]

4 Comenius University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Mlynská dolina, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia;

Measured hydrological data series on the Danube river are limited. Instrumen-tal data we can complete by documen-tary data from historical sources from different archives. Most of the present-ed information about historical floods in this area has its origin in flood marks, in newspaper articles, chronicles, offi-cial letters, books, maps and photos. In this presentation we try to sum up infor-mation on the 1895 Danube flood based upon the historical records studies. Re-cords from analysed newspapers (Wiener Zeitung, Preßburger Zeitung, The New

York Times, Komáromi Lapok) and oth-er sources show relatively large territori-al impact of the flood in March and April 1895 that affected not only Danube and its tributaries but also some other neigh-boring basins. Catastrophic consequenc-es of the flood were reported especially from the lower parts of the Danube Riv-er (from the junction with the river Dra-va up to the mouth to the Black Sea) and on the tributaries of Tisza and Sava. Re-ports obtained from local contemporary press helped us also to clarify meteoro-logical causes of this flood.

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There is necessary to closely coop-erate within the Danube countries. In their national archives, there are many valuable documents helping in the Dan-

ube flood regime evaluation in the Dan-ube river catchment as a whole.

Key words: Flood, Danube, archive, newspaper, flood mark

Acknowledgment: This work was supported by the Slovak Research and Development Agency under the contract No. APVV–0015–10.

Land cover based assessments of ecosystem services – case studies from Hungary

Márton Kiss1, Máté Bartus2, Szilárd Czóbel3, Miklós Kiss4

1 Department of Climatology and Landscape Ecology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Egyetem str 2, H-6722 Szeged, Hungary, [email protected]

2 Department of Physical Geography and Geoinformatics, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Egyetem str 2, H-6722 Szeged, Hungary, [email protected]

3 Department of Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology, Szent István University, Páter K. street 1, H- 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary, [email protected]

4 Department of Computational Optimization, University of Szeged, Árpád sqr 2, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary, [email protected]

Evaluating ecosystem services can help integrating aspects of sustainabil-ity and nature protection better in spa-tial planning. The main point of the ap-proach is assessing enviromental and landscape functions from the point of view of human well-being, completed with monetary valuation in the case of some services. The implementation of the methodology (which is in the forefront of international environmental policy pro-cesses – e.g. EU Biodiversity Strategy 2020) in local and regional decision-mak-ing needs the development and use of dif-ferent mapping and GIS-based modelling methods. In our contribution, we present an example for a land cover-based evalu-ation system, which can be considered as the simplest approach, for a study area in the Tisza River Basin (Hungary), driven

by the complex floodplain magament is-sues of the region. We analysed the provi-sioning (e.g. food and timber production) and regulating (e.g. flood control, carbon sequestration) services with the help of cost-based evaluation methods, the cal-culated values can provide a base also for indicator-based mapping. In our presen-tation, we also give proposals for practical usability of the method and we highight the limitations as well. We show an ex-ample of the use of land cover informa-tion for ecosystem service based land use planning with the help of spatial evolu-tionary algorithms. The results in the study areas drive attention to the im-portance of regulating services, some of which has quite considerable economic value, and can form a base for Payments for Ecosytsem Services systems.

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Geographical analysis of potential economic effects generated by building energetics investments in Hungary

Ernő Molnár

University of Debrecen, Department of Social Geography and Regional Development Planning, H-4032, Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1; e-mail: [email protected]

Approximately 40% of the primary energy consumption in Hungary is re-alized in the building stock. Hence, the improvement of energy efficiency in the buildings is a very important question for energy politics, environmental pro-tection as well as economic development. These investitions moderate the depend-ency on import fossil energy ressourc-es playing nowadays also decisive role in the Hungarian economy, mitigate the burden on the environment contributing to the fulfilment of EU goals related to CO2 emmissions, as well as create new work places first of all in the construc-tion and production of building mate-rials. The effects are expected as signif-icant: 70% of the flats and the majority of public buildings in Hungary are obso-late from the viewpoint of building ener-getics.

The presentation focuses on the ex-amination of potential economic devel-opment effects of the investments aim-ing the energetic modernization of the building stock. After a review of stud-ies and development documents dealing with this segment of the green economy, the empirical analysis is based on data of investments realized from EU devel-opment funds within the programming period 2007-2013 (EU funds play an im-portant role in the majority of the de-velopments). The analysis concentrates on the North Great Plain Region which is one of the most underdeveloped re-gions of Hungary and the EU. Based on a database containing informations by support design and on settlement level, we examine the complexity and spatial characteristics of the developments.

Climate change impacts on agricultural crops in the Timiş Plain (Romania)

Bianca Mitrică1, Elena Mateescu2, Carmen-Sofia Dragotă1, Ines Grigorescu1, Monica Dumitraşcu1, Elena-Ana Popovici1 1 Institute of Geography, Romanian Academy, Romania; e-mail: [email protected] National Meteorological Administration, Romania

The is aiming to assess the climate change impacts on crop production in Timiş Plain – one of the most stable ar-eas in terms of future climate change

signals using the CERES (Crop-En-vironment Resource Synthesis) mod-el. This model combines database (cli-mate, soil and crop) with simulation

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algorithms of the main processes relat-ed to crop pattern and statistical algo-rithms for biophysical, economic and strategic analysis. For the current re-search, the authors used two applica-tions of CERES model: CERES-Wheat and CERES-Maize overlapping two re-gional climatic scenarios for 2021-2050 and 2071-2100 periods. The models de-scribe, on a daily data basis, the main bi-ophysical processes witch occur at the soil-plant-atmosphere interface as a re-sponse to the variability of different processes such as: photosynthesis, spe-cific phenological phases, evapotranspi-ration, water dynamics in soil etc. The autumn wheat benefits from the inter-action between the CO2 and air temper-ature increase, while the maize is more vulnerable to climate change, especial-ly to hot and dry climate over the 2071-

2100 period, under the SRES A1B sce-nario. Even though the study-area does not experience strong climate change signals, however, against the current cli-matic conditions, temperature rise es-pecially in the conditions of the second future projected period brings about a decrease of the vegetation period for both crops. Consequently, the increase of atmospheric CO2 concentration has a positive effect on photosynthesis for au-tumn wheat triggering increased yields, thus counteracting the negative effect of shortening the vegetation period. In the case of maize, the yields are subject to shrinkages, more acute over the 2071-2100 period due to temperature rise and shortening of the vegetation period cou-pled with water stress, especially during the flowering and yield formation inter-val.

Key pluvial parameters in assessing rainfall erosivity in the South-west development region

Monica Dumitraşcu1, Carmen-Sofia Dragotă1, Ines Grigorescu1, Costin Dumitraşcu2, Alina Vlăduţ3

1 Institute of Geography, Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania; e-mail: [email protected]

2 Faculty of Geography, Spiru Haret University, Bucharest, Romania3 Department of Geography, University of Craiova, Romania

Located in the south-western part of Romania, the South-West Devel-opment Region covers 12.3% of the na-tional territory and 10.7% of its popula-tion overlapping the main relief forms (the heights of Southern Carpathians and Banat Mountains in the north and north-west to the hilly, plain areas and Danube floodplain in the centre and south), thus having an important agro-

forestry potential which determines a higher exposure to climatic-related ex-treme events, both thermal and pluvial.

The current study aims at providing an overview on the main pluvial param-eters and their role in assessing rainfall erosivity in the South-West Development Region. The authors assessed the occur-rence, frequency and magnitude of some of the most significant pluvial parame-

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ters and their impact on the climatic ag-gressiveness in the study-area relying on data gathering, database homogenisa-tion and computing of monthly and an-nual mean and extreme climatic values (maximum quantities of precipitation/24 hours, rain showers and associated haz-ards such as hail), as well as relevant in-dexes and indicators for pluvial aggres-siveness (Fournier, Fournier Modified, Angot). Therefore, the rainfall erosivity was assessed using a GIS-based method-ology aiming to provide both the spatial distribution of the triggering extreme weather phenomena and the resulted in-tensity classes for the analysed indexes

and indicators. The paper generally reck-ons on the real climate database for the 1961-2009 interval from selected relevant weather stations as follows: Calafat, Be-chet, Turnu Măgurele (for the Danube Valley), Caracal, Craiova, Băileşti (for the Romanian Plain), Apa Neagră, Bâcleş, Târgu Logreşti (for the Getic Piedmont), Târgu Jiu, Râmnicu Vâlcea, Polovragi (for the Getic Subcarpathians) and Voinea-sa, Ţarcu and Obârşia Lotrului (for the Southern Carpathians).

Key words: pluvial parameters, rain-fall aggressiveness, Fournier, Fournier Modified, Angot, South-West Develop-ment Region, Romania

The significance of the Danube ecological corridor in the proceedings of implementing ecological networks in Serbia

Dejan Filipović, Ljubica Petrović

University of Belgrade, Faculty of Geography, Studentski trg 3/III, 11000 Beograd, Serbia; [email protected]

With the modern processes for ex-ploiting land people have altered the original appearance of areas and created cultural environments. The remaining natural environments, whether protect-ed or not, take up a relatively small por-tion of space and represent isolated is-lands which in itself can not be sufficient for the preservation of biodiversity or for the fulfillment of national, regional or international goals and commitments related to their preservation.

 In order to secure the preservation of biodiversity, the strengthening of integ-rity and the natural processes, such as animal migrations, succession of vege-

tation and evolution processes, the com-munication between natural habitats is imperative. Ecological corridors, as inte-gral elements of ecological networks, en-sure the preservation of vital ecological interactions by providing a connection between different habitats or areas. De-pending on a range of factors, from the fulfillment of demands of different spe-cies to the connecting of regions, corri-dors of local, sub-regional, regional and international importance are identified.

The Danube ecological corridor is one of the most significant corridors of international importance which encom-passes a large number of habitats which

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are part of the natural watercourse of the corridor. There are numerous protected areas in the Danube coastal area on Ser-bia’s territory which present themselves as central areas for forming the ecologi-cal network, such as: Gornje Podunavlje, Karađorđevo, Fruška Gora,Titelski Breg hill, Kovalski rit marsh, Dunavski loess bluffs, the Sava mouth, Labudovo okno, Deliblato sands, Đerdap  and Mala Vrbi-ca. The diverse and mosaic vegetation of the floodplain, as well as the consistency of the protected areas within the Danube corridor have a direct influence on the quality and functionality of this corridor.

The goal of this paper is to show the significance of the Danube ecological corridor in the process of implement-ing ecological networks, the potential of the area in question for forming corri-dors, but also to present the limitations which may decrease the functionality of the corridors as well as the guidelines for a sustainable management of the corridor on Serbia’s territory.

Key words: Danube ecological cor-ridor, ecological network, biodiversity, protection

Preparations and challenges of declaration of Biosphere Reserve Mura-Drava-Danube in Serbia

Vladimir Stojanović, Snežana Besermenji

Department of Geography, Tourism and Hotel Management, Faculty of Science, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad; e-mail: [email protected]

In 2013, Serbia nominated part of its territory for the UNESCO Trans-boundary Biosphere Reserve Mura-Drava-Danube. This Transboundary Biosphere Reserve should include the territory of five countries – Austria, Slovenia, Croatia, Hungary and Serbia

– which also should manage this pro-tected area together. In Serbia, the fu-ture Biosphere Reserve lies in the ter-ritory of five municipalities (Sombor, Apatin, Odžaci, Bač and Bačka Palan-ka) in the north west part of Autono-mous Province of Vojvodina, and it in-cludes the Danube’s banks between the state border with Hungary and Bačka Palanka. Three existing larger Pro-tected areas – Special Nature Reserve Gornje Podunavlje, Special Nature Re-

serve Karađorđevo and Nature park Tikvara – occupy the space of the fu-ture Biosphere Reserve. Many valuable ecosystems are present here, including floodplains along the Danube river, as well as floodplain forests, river islands, meanders, canals, lakes, ponds and sa-line grasslands. Around 147 thousands of inhabitants reside in the territory of the future Biosphere Reserve located in 26 settlements, four of which being towns and municipality centres. Tra-ditionally, the population is mostly in-volved in agriculture and little less in industry which is considered to be in the stagnation for the past two dec-ades. Ecologically valuable landscapes and local communities, pressured by transition in economy, represent a real

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challenge for the forthcoming manage-ment of Biosphere Reserve Mura-Dra-

va-Danube which have been noticed during the multi annual research.

Geoecological evaluation of the Danube shore in Fruška Gora sector

Milovan R. Pecelj1, Aleksandar Krajić2, Jelena Purković-Pecelj3, Milica Pecelj4

1 University of Belgrade, Faculty of Geography 2 Vojvođanska 95, Novi Banovci, Srbija 3 University of I. Sarajevo, Faculty of Philosophy 4 Geographical Institute „Jovan Cvijić“, SANU Beograd, University of I. Sarajevo, Faculty of

Philosophy

In the paper is valuated the right bank of the Danube river by geoecolog-ical methods of the bonitation (quality evaluation) and the index of recreation-al potential in purpose of the develop-ment of nautical tourism and recreation. The north side of the Fruška Gora moun-tain is limited by the Danube, which is not enough touristic valorized. By geoe-cological evaluation was determined that the right bank of the Danube, from the village Neštin to the Stari Slankamen, belongs to the category of highly valued landscapes. The limiting factors of good

evaluation of nautical tourism are: the absence of forest vegetation, the intensity of river traffic and lack of physical availa-bility. With respect to other values (slope and width of the stream bed), using the Danube in sector of Fruška Gora to nau-tical purposes, it belongs to the catego-ry of very valuable landscape. Practicing sports of rowing on the Danube is cate-gorized as mainly valuable landscapes.

Key words: geoecological methods, bonitation (quality evaluation method), index of recreation, touristic potential, the Danube River

Preliminary assessment of environmental pressures in the transboundary Upper Tisza Watershed - Romanian sector

Radu Mihaiescu, Simion Beldean, Cristian Malos, Viorel Arghius

Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Babes-Bolyai University, 30 Fantanele Street, 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania, [email protected]

Tisza River originates in the Ukrain-ian Carpathians, and further down-stream it flows along the border between Romania and Ukraine on a distance of

61 km, having left side tributaries com-ing from Romania and right side tribu-taries coming from Ukraine. Then the river flows to Hungary. This part of the

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watershed, upstream the Ukrainian-Hungarian border, in a predominantly mountainous area, is known as Upper Tisza. The region is characterized by in-tense mining activity which generated in the past pressures on environment both as a consequence of normal activity and of accidents followed by the release of important quantity of pollutants. River-ine ecosystems in the Upper Tisza basin are stressed by agriculture land use (eu-trophication, pesticides, erosion), urban areas (waste water, impermeable sur-face), industry (toxic effluents) and river hydrotechnical works (channelization,

damming). Understanding the impacts of anthropogenic chemical pollution in the frame of the holistic, ecosystem based approach to the assessment of wa-ter quality is the key in ensuring an ef-ficient management. Based on existing data and information, by using the GIS techniques, it was performed an inven-tory of the threats and hazardous sourc-es on the territory of Romania which might cause pollution of the Tisza Riv-er and its tributaries.

Key words: Tisza Watershed, GIS maps, toxic pollution, hazardous sourc-es, riverine ecosystems

Acknowledgement: This work has been supported by NATO SfP 984440 Project.

Assessment of strategically important impacts on environment of the Danube corridor

Boško Josimović, Marina Nenković-Riznić, Saša Milijić

Institute of architecture and urban and spatial planning of Serbia, Bulevar Kralja Aleksandra 73/II, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; [email protected]

SEA represents a significant tool to ensure that environmental protection considerations are fully included and properly addressed in the development of plans, programmes and policies. It is particularly important in planning of special purpose areas, such as Danube infrastructure corridors.

Danube corridor is the area of sever-al specific purposes: basic special pur-pose: Pan-European Transport Cor-ridor VII waterway Danube; natural values (national and international im-portance) with 35 protected areas and 20 in the process/planned for protection); cultural values with the archaeological sites from the Neolithic period, Roman

roads on Djerdap, Roman towns and forts, medieval fortress of importance not only for Serbia, but also the Dan-ube countries and world heritage; tour-ist attractions of the Danube (national and international importance) - Upper Danube, Danube Middle and Lower Danube; zone intersects with the Pan-European road corridor X; areas with significant reserves of mineral resourc-es and developing mining; special pur-pose zones with existing and planned border crossings and long border zone to the Republic of Croatia and the Re-public of Romania.

This paper will analyze recent the-oretical framework in the area of SEA

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for special purpose areas (infrastruc-ture corridors and waterways) and focus the research on the case study of expert multicriteria analysis of environmen-tal parameters conducted for the Dan-ube corridor in Serbia. New methodol-ogies of the analysis will be presented (GIS oriented expert multi-criteria anal-ysis), which were used to obtain relevant results, considering the fact that the derivation of SEA results became sig-

nificantly more difficult, as well as the definition of measures for and system of environmental parameters monitoring.

The paper will also emphasize the role of SEA in responsible planning in Serbia and obstacles appearing, regard-ing lack of strong methodology and in-adequate enforcement of laws and strat-egies.

Key words: SEA, Danube corridor, MCA, GIS modeling

Approach to integrated planning, development and protection of the Danube as waterway, water-environmental-, cultural- and tourist corridor

Saša Milijić

Institute of Architecture and Urban&Spatial planning of Serbia, Bul. kralja Aleksandra 73/2, Belgrade, Serbia; e-mail: [email protected]

Management, development and pro-tection of the Danube waterway cor-ridor, is particularly challenging and requires an integral - and a multidisci-plinary approach to (spatial) planning. The Danube is the only one pan-Euro-pean waterway corridor. It is also the most important waterway, linking the Black and North Sea and it is the back-bone of inland waterways network. In order to achieve an efficient approach to sustainable development and spatial or-ganization of the Danube waterway cor-ridor is necessary to analyse its natural, cultural and tourist values. This paper review an approach to spatial planning of the Danube waterway corridor in Ser-bia (in total length of about 588 km). Key determinants of the development of the Danubian countries of the EU, in addi-tion to planning and management of

the waterway corridors, are: integrated regional and local development of com-munities, management and protection of the environment, and projects of re-gional and cross-border cooperation. The hypothesis presented in this paper are: 1) integral development of the Dan-ube waterway corridor in terms of infra-structure, economy, culture, is an prior-ity and condition for integration into the European development trends; 2) re-alization of integral planning of the spa-tial development in Serbia is limited by numerous factors, primarily by sectori-al approach; 3) it is necessary to harmo-nise different conflicting interest of the development and different land uses of waterway corridor as a waterway, envi-ronmental, cultural and tourist corridor. This paper points to the vision and the main strongholds of the development of

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the river corridor and the possibility to implement actual Spatial Plan for the Special Purpose Area of Internation-

al Waterway E80 – Danube, as the first plan of its kind elaborated for the whole Danube section in Serbia.

Environmental management through ecotourism as a function of sustainable development- an example of the Stara Planina

Tatjana Đekić, Bojana Jandžiković

Faculty of Sciences, Department of Geography, Niš, Serbia; e-mail: [email protected]

The basic precondition for sustaina-ble development is an adequate manage-ment of all development factors. This of course applies to the tourist activi-ty, which is why in recent years is large-ly talking about ecotourism. The aim of the authors with their work on the example of the Stara Planina to show that in practice it can successfully im-plement environmental management

through ecotourism in terms of sus-tainable development. In this sense, first we talk about sustainable development, then the environmental management, and then how it applies to the area of Stara Planina.

Key words: Stara Planina, sustain-able development, environment, envi-ronmental management, eco-tourism, economic growth

Geodiversity of Danube region in Serbia: conservation issues and management possibilities

Đorđije A. Vasiljević, Slobodan B. Marković, Tin Lukić, Biljana Basarin, Miroslav D. Vujičić

Department of Geography, Tourism and Hotel Management, Faculty of Science, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; [email protected]

Non-living part of nature was de-termined as geodiversity and set as abi-otic response to biodiversity by the end of 20th century. It is defined as the nat-ural range of soil, geomorphological and geological features on certain area. All parts of geodiversity that have sig-nificant value to humans, with scien-tific, educational, esthetical and inspi-

rational meaning can be considered as geoheritage. Furthermore, the conser-vation of geoheritage or geoconserva-tion could be then determined as the endeavour of trying not only to con-serve geodiversity and geoheritage but also to enhance and promote geolog-ical and geomorphological features, processes, sites and specimens. There-

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fore, the main purpose of geoconser-vation is the dynamic preservation and maintenance of geosites that lies more in the availability and accessibility of these sites rather than concern with damage or loss. Following these princi-ples, important scope of geoconserva-tion is raising the awareness and appre-ciation of general public for these sites and areas. The best practical methods for this purpose are interpretation and promotion. This phenomenon is de-fined as geotourism and is focused on the promotion of geologic and geomor-phic sites for their scientific and soci-etal value to ensure their conservation for future use by academics, tourists and casual recreationalists.

The Danube is one of Europe’s major rivers with significant and attractive na-ture. In its Serbian part it is especially sig-nificant and interesting for its geodiversi-ty; this varies from the vast flatness of the Pannonian plain and wetlands, bordering gently rolling hills, and steep river gorges cut through the Carpathian Mountains. This chapter presents an overview of the most valuable geoheritage of this region with an insight into the general condi-tion and inventory of these sites and areas. The major consideration is put to their ge-oconservation issues, visitor management and geotourism initiatives.

Key words: Geodiversity, Geoherit-age, Geoconservation, Geopark, Geo-tourism, Danube, Serbia

Evaluation of bioclimate conditions in two Special nature reserves in Vojvodina (Northern Serbia)

Biljana Basarin1, Aleksandra Kržič2, Lazar Lazić1, Tin Lukić1, Jasmina Đorđević1, Bojana Janićijević Petrović1, Sonja Ćopić1, Dragana Matić1, Ivana Hrnjak1, Tanja Micić1, Andreas Matzarakis3

1 Chair of Physical Geography, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg D. Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; e-mail: [email protected]

2 Republic Hydrometeorological Service of Serbia, SEEVCCC, Kneza Viseslava 66, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia

3 Chair of Meteorology and Climatology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Werthmannstr. 10, 79085 Freiburg, Germany

For some tourism destinations, cli-mate represents a natural resource on which the tourism industry is predicat-ed. Data covering the period from 1949 to 2012 for two meteorological stations, Sombor and Zrenjanin was used to com-pute the Physiologically Equivalent Tem-perature (PET) and Tourism Climate In-dex (TCI) for two special nature reserves in Vojvodina, North Serbia, “Gornje Po-

dunavlje” near Sombor and “Carska bara” near Zrenjanin. Information on ther-mal comfort/stress conditions as well as aesthetical and physical parameters are considered. Before calculation of PET and TCI, homogeneity test was ap-plied for the detection of possible abrupt changes in the climate records. The monthly PET values were produced us-ing the RayMan Model. The distribution

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of comfortable condition with no ther-mal stress occurred in April, May, Sep-tember and October, with 3.2 %, 76.2 %, 60.3 % and 6.3 % respectively for Sombor meteorological station. For Zrenjanin meteorological station distribution of comfortable condition with no thermal stress occurred in April, May, June, Sep-tember and October, with 14,0 %, 70,7 %, 7,8 % 59.3 %, 3,1 % respectively. The in-vestigated sites have a summer peak dis-tribution of TCI with maximum values ranging from 85 to 98. The frequency distribution of mean monthly climato-

logical parameters for the period from 1950 until 2012 for Special nature re-serves “Gornje Podunavlje” (meteorolog-ical station Sombor) and “Carska bara” (meteorological station Zrenjanin) were used to assess the climate conditions. Additionaly Climate Tourism Informa-tion Sheme CTIS is a used for a graph-ical description of analysed tourism-re-lated parameters and frequency classes on monthly time scale.

Key words: bioclimate, Vojvodina, Physiologically Equivalent Temperature, Tourism Climate Index, Tourism

Distribution and annual regime of THOM discomfort index on South Dobrogea territory

Elena Grigore

Meteorology-Hydrology Dept. Faculty of Geography, University of Bucharest, Romania; [email protected]

Modern man is forced to spend a long time in artificial environments of rooms, environment that leads to increased fre-quency of nerve and cardiovascular dis-eases. Thereby, use of climatic factors as therapeutic resources to rebalance nat-ural environment - man relations ac-quires a practical importance, searching optimal conditions for health improve-ment, with minimum effort and ex-pense. For this reason bio meteorolog-ical / bioclimatic studies become useful in present society. Bioclimatic study pro-posed for presentation aims, in the first

place, South Dobrogea territory (includ-ing both the Danube side and continen-tal Dobrogea, as well along the Black Sea coast) and display the results of the anal-ysis,  distribution and annual regime of DI THOM index, a bioclimatic index spe-cific to Summer, that allows  the  assess-ment of actual temperature, because the analyzed territory is under the influence of varying climatic conditions.

Key words: bioclimatic index, cli-matic conditions, effective temperature, bioclimatic comfort, bioclimatic dis-comfort

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Research on the Surface Water Quality in Mining Influence Area in Maramures County (Romania)

Irina Smical1, Adriana Muntean2, Eugen Nour3

1 Faculty of Mineral Resources and Environment, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, North University Centre of Baia Mare, 62A Victor Babeş Street, Baia Mare City, Maramureş County, România, [email protected]

2 Maramureș Water Management System, Someș-Tisa Basinal Water Administration, 2 Aleea Hortensiei, Baia Mare City, Maramureș County, Romania, [email protected]

3 Environmental Sciences Department, Babeş-Bolyai University of Cluj-Napoca, 30 Fântânele Sreet, Cluj-Napoca City, Cluj County, România, [email protected]

The paper highlights the surface water quality state in the mining in-fluence area in northern-western of Romania. In this respect a series of investigations have been conducted re-garding the heavy metals contamina-tion of the water of Someș and Tisa hydrographic basins, which cover the northern part of Maramureș and Sa-tu-Mare Counties and southern-west-ern area of Maramureș County, respec-tively.

The comparative research results re-fer to period 1999-2011 and reveal the spe-cific heavy metal ions of mining activity: Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb Cd and Ni and as well the water pH. The presented values as an-nual average values reveal an increase of several heavy metals after mining closure which is due to the lack of effective of clo-sure and conservation of the mine galler-ies as well as of the impaired functioning of mining wastewater treatment plants.

Key words: surface water, heavy met-als, mining, tailing pond

Regional development and tourism through landscape ecological planning

Michal Klaučo, Andrej Saxa, Adalbert Mezei

Matej Bel University – Faculty of Science, Department of Geography, Geology and Landscape Ecology, Tajovského 40, 974 01 Banská Bystirca, Slovakia, [email protected]

Sustainable development through landscape ecological planning solves localization of the suitable recreational activities in area of cadaster Štiavnické Bane (The Protected Landscape Area of Štiavnica Mountains). Ecological car-rying capacity of landscape is prima-ry tool for determinations of the most

suitable places for human require-ments (recreational activities). Meth-odology of this tool analyses abiotic, biotic and socio-economic elements of the landscape. The ecological planning tool is based on the intersection of en-vironmental, social and economical of sustainable development. Any type of

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regional development must to be based on sustainable development. Without qualitative landscape planning tools is impossible to reach harmonization be-tween natural sources and society re-quirements. The ecological carrying capacity of landscape focused on meth-

odology by that is possible to determi-nate such activities for tourism which are without negative impact on the landscape.

Key words: sustainable development, landscape planning, local and regional authorities, regional development

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Land cover change along the Danube and main rivers of Hungary from the mid 19th century

Éva Konkoly-Gyuró1, Ágnes Tirászi1, Géza Király2, Pál Balázs1

1 Department of Landscape Science and Rural Development 2 Department of Surveying and Remote Sensing, Faculty of Forestry, University of West

Hungary, H-9400 SOPRON, Bajcsy-Zs. u. 4.; [email protected]

The transformation of the lowlands water household due to the huge river regulation during the 19th century have significantly reshaped the landscape on the plains and river basins. The Hungar-ian Great Plain as well as the northern and western river basins became more and more intensively used agricultural area while the increasing flood intensi-ty, the inland water and the drought al-ternately threathen these areas.

The presentation intends to show the results of a historical analysis of land cover change along the Danube and other main rivers of Hungary (Tisza, Kőrösök, Sajó, Hernád, Rába). The ten-dencies will be compared with the mac-rolandscapes. The data are extracted from the project „200 years land-cover

change of the Carpathian basin“. His-torical maps of three time layers: the Second Military Survey of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, a reambulat-ed map from the 1940s and a New Sur-vey from the 1950s as well as the Corine Land Cover maps from 2006 were used for the change assessment.

The main transformation tenden-cies, the loss of grasslands, the growing urbanisation and infrastructural con-structions show the possibilities and the direction of the landscape restora-tion that has to increase the water re-tention capacity of the lowlands. This strategic goal is crutial in the mitigation of the climate change.

Key words: land cover change, land use, landscape restoration, river basin

SESSION 4GIS, landscapa analysis and lanscape planning; Land use, land cover change and land degradation

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Application of Multi-Criteria Analysis and GIS in Ecotourism Development (Case Study: Serbian Danube Region)

Sanja Stojković, Snežana Đurđić, Goran Anđelković

University of Belgrade - Faculty of Geography, Studentski trg 3/III, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; [email protected], [email protected]

Ecotourism can be defined as re-sponsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and cultur-al heritage and improves the well-being of local people. Sustainable planning and management of ecotourism devel-opment is important and necessary as to increase positive and decrease neg-ative effects to complex environment. This paper analyzes suitability of select-ed protected natural areas on the Serbi-an Danube region for the purpose of ec-otourism development. Multi-criteria analysis includes several natural and so-cio-economic factors and criteria which influence on ecotourism development.

Integration of Geographic information system (GIS) and Analytical hierarchy process (AHP) greatly facilitate decision making process in the ecotourism desti-nations planning. The suitability map of analyzed natural protected areas for the ecotourism development as one of the sustainable tourism types is highlight-ed as a result of this paper. Such anal-ysis assists objective promotion of eco-tourism destinations and so contributes improvement of Serbian tourism devel-opment.

Key words: ecotourism, environ-ment, cultural heritage, GIS, multi-cri-teria analysis

Geospatial analysis of digital terrain modeling

Stanislava Bosiočić1, Miodrag Kostić2, Sanja Krsmanović3

1 Geodetic-technical Secondary School, Belgrade; [email protected] 2 Military Headquarters of the Republic of Serbia, Belgrade; [email protected] Faculty of Geography, University of Belgrade; [email protected]

Geospatial analysis of digital data ter-rain modelling includes the application of an adequate methodology and math-ematically defined algorithms over opti-mal quantity of available terrain elevation data. Numerous methods for data collec-tion were developed in order to find a ra-tional and economically profitable solu-tion to choose optimal quantity of input data collection for formation of digital ter-

rain model providing high-quality recon-struction of analyzed terrain surface. The base for high quality analysis of morpho-metric terrain characteristics is provided by choosing reference data (points from the terrain surface), their organization and modelling. As a result of this, high-quali-ty graphical, numerical and vector data are obtained and as much as possible be-ing free of subjective influence of analysts.

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GIS software applications along with in-terpolation algorithms enable even analy-sis and visualization of the parts of terrain whose data were not collected.

Key words: digital terrain model, ge-ospatial analysis, digital data modelling, interpolation, GIS

Assessing Municipal Geoportals in Serbia

Uglješa Stankov, Dragan Dolinaj, Milica Solarević, Vanja Dragićević

Department of Geography, Tourism and Hotel Management, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; [email protected]

Geoportals serve as human interface to a collection of online geospatial in-formation resources, including data sets and services. Today, geoportals are the most extensively used technology to im-plement local, regional, national and in-ternational spatial data infrastructures, as they represent web gateways that or-ganize content and services such as di-rectories, search tools, community in-formation, support resources, data and applications. Many routine operations at municipal level are tied to locations and can rely on the use of geoportals to ac-complish goals in land-use planning, per-mit tracking, parcel mapping, engineer-

ing design, road and utility maintenance, events, reporting, emergency manage-ment, infrastructure assessment and de-velopment, cartography, environment, property management, etc. In Serbia, from 2010, various municipal geopor-tals were created. This paper investigates overall aspects of quality of municipal geoportals in Serbia with the focus on in-terface quality. Interface quality of geo-portals determines their usability and possibilities offered to the users. The re-search adopts evaluation based on differ-ent up-to-date web standards.

Key words: geoportals, municipali-ties, Serbia, assessment

An Integrated Cross-Border GIS and Web GIS Applications for Lower Basin of the Danube - Challenges and Opportunities

Aleksandar Đorđević

Faculty of Geography, University of Belgrade; [email protected]

The paper addresses current re-search issues in the field of interopera-bility of heterogeneous GI systems. Spe-cial emphasis is placed on heterogeneity

at the level of conceptual data models. This problem is discussed in the con-text of cross-border web-based GIS ap-plications which involve the combina-

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tion of spatial data on the same type of real world objects from different coun-tries. Existing approaches for setting up such cross-border web-based GIS ap-plications using both raster and vector data are discussed.

But, the main barriers and, as well important challenges are the INSPIRE semantic geodata harmonization and geoservice integration of national GI in-frastructures across the state borders.

Research covers numerous projects dealing with topographic, topologic and semantic interoperability, usabili-ty and sustainability of re-using geoda-ta, webservices and PLAN4ALL appli-cations across local, regional and state borders in order to informing and mak-ing the community of nearly 200 Euro-pean Border Regions aware of the PSI & INSPIRE challenges ahead.

GIS based morphometry of upper and middle Šelovrenac stream basin (Srem, N Serbia)

Miloš Petrović, Mlađen Jovanović, Ivan Rvović, Rada Šorak, Minučer Mesaroš

Department of Geography, Tourism and Hotel Management, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; [email protected]

Šelovrenac with length of 24,5 km is one of the longest stream in Srem. Upper and middle Šelovrenac stream drainage basin is situated on SE slopes of Fruška Gora horst and Srem loess plateau. GIS and a high-resolution Digital Elevation Model (DEM) based on topographic map in scale 1:25.000 have been utilized for the morphometric analysis of basin and stream channel. According to acquired DEM with a horizontal spatial resolu-tion equals 10 m, in total 28 morphomet-ric parameters have been computed and analyzed. Three longitudinal profiles of streams in basin have been constructed, as well as 30 cross-sections.

The evolution of basin have been re-constructed since Lower Pliocene and

closely associated with the process of uplift Fruška Gora horst uplift and con-tinued subsidence of bottom of back-ark Pannonian Basin.

The analysis reveals that the influ-ence of drainage morphometry and shape of the basin is very significant in understanding the landform process-es and erosional characteristics. The re-sults demonstrates that remotely sensed data and GIS based approach is found to be more appropriate than the conven-tional methods in evaluation and analy-sis of drainage morphometry, landforms and land resources and to understand their inter-relationships.

Key words: Šelovrenac, Fruška Gora, GIS, morphometry

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Fractal analysis of digital cartographic modelling of mountain Miroč

Aleksandar Valjarević, Dragica Živković, Aleksandra Petrašević

University of Kosovska Mitrovica, Natural Science Faculty, Department of Geography, Ive Lole Ribara 38220, Kosovska Mitrovica; [email protected]

Miroč is a mountain in eastern Ser-bia that lies between the lower Milano-vac and Tekia in Negotinska Krajina re-gion. The highest peak of this mountain is a large Štrbac, whit altitude of 768 me-ters. Miroč is the most prominent part of the same Eastern Serbia and the west-ernmost part of the Đerdapskog massif. The mountain is surrounded with the

Danube river. Fractal geometry is some new kind of natural language, which can be use to describe and analyse to very complex shapes in the Nature. The main goal of the paper is to describe the char-acteristic of mountain, with help of pro-gramme language, C++, java Script, Java. And also we use the software’s Global Mapper 15, GeoMedia Professional 6.1.

Digital cartographic visualization in the function of tourist valorization of the Lower Danube Region

Jasmina M. Jovanović, Ljiljana Živković, Gordana Jovanović

University of Belgrade - Faculty of Geography, Studentski trg 3/3, Belgrade, Serbia; [email protected]

Digital cartographic visualization provides an adequate, comprehensive and practical productive research and presentation of the tourism potential of the Lower Danube Region for the pur-pose of tourism development. Analy-sis, valuation and definition of tourism potentials of cultural heritage by the use of analog, digital, especially virtu-al models, provide, in a clear and obvi-ous way, the assessment of the poten-tial efects of tourism development in the local, regional, national and inter-national environment. Completeness of information, accuracy of formulation, ease of registering with the possibility of compatible data processing and the

ability to perform designated applica-ble solutions are just some of the possi-ble positive effects of cartographic vis-ualization on which basis timely and appropriate decisions related to the de-velopment of tourism can be made. By cartographic visualization of structur-al and functional indicators of tourism potential of the Lower Danube Region, the efficient integrated presentation of knowledge about its heterogeneous specificities of natural and anthropo-genic values is enabled .

Cartographic visualization, in the process of complementary, specialized and adapted researches of the tourism potential of the Lower Danube Region,

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represents a scientific-informational cognitive framework in the correspond-ing context of a multidisciplinary re-search. Cartographic visualization, as a graphic process related to the produc-tion of cartographic models, provides an effective, efficient and quality: research process of the tangible and intangible cultural heritage from local, region-al and national to international impor-

tance; way of definition of the program concept of the research results; way of presentation of the knowledge about the researched cultural values ; way of planning, encouragement and promo-tion of the tourism development, etc.

Key words: cartographic visualiza-tion, the Danube, multidisciplinary re-searches, potentials, development, tour-ism

Landscape character metrics: a new methodological approach to landscape planning

Nevena Vasiljević, Boris Radić, Suzana Gavrilović

Faculty of Forestry, University of Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11000 Belgrade; [email protected]

The process of globalization has cre-ated a new environment, as well as de-mands for landscape planning. One of the new theory approaches is based on: the concept of landscape as a whole, transdisciplinarity in research approach and landscape character as a new value in the planning system.

Landscape character has been de-fined as a distinct, recognizable and consistent pattern of elements in the landscape that makes one landscape different from another. This is the re-sults of knowledge integration in land-scape structure interpretation. Differ-ent character means different type of landscapes which should become the bases of planning, management and protection of the landscape.

Contemporary landscape planning becomes more interested to consider landscape character as a value in plan-ning process. In order to achieve that, new methodological approach has to be

transdisciplinary established research for landscape characterization.

The aim of this paper is to pro-pose various landscape metrics, devel-oped within a GIS framework, which measure and describe the structure of landscape character. These metrics fall into two general categories: those that quantify the landscape composi-tion, and those that quantify the land-scape configuration. The applicability of landscape metrics has been investigat-ed for the purpose of landscape inter-pretation in several projects (Research and evaluation of corridor gas pipe-line “South Stream” in terms of land-scape, geo diversity and biodiversity on the territory of the Republic of Serbia, Forestation project for Belgrade Mu-nicipality).

Finally, landscape planning which based on landscape character metrics approach may become a useful tool for managing sustainable spatial develop-

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ment which is one of the purpose of im-plementation of the European Land-scape Convention.

Key words: landscape character, land-scape metrics, landscape composition, landscape configuration, landscape plan-ning, European Landscape Convention

Using remote sensing data for mapping of Populetum albae, Alno-Salicetum cinereae and Alno-Salicetum rosmarinifoliae plant communities, from Natura 2000 site - ROSCI0103 Lunca Buzăului

Suzana Maria Cocioaba, Giuliano Tevi, Delia Mihaela Popescu

Faculty of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Ecological University of Bucharest, Bd. Vasile Milea, 1G, sector 6, 061341, Bucharest, Romania; [email protected]

Natural protected area, the Natu-ra 2000 site - ROSCI0103 Lunca Buzau-lui is located in Southeastern Romania where are presents habitats as 92A0 (Sa-lix alba and Populus alba galleries) and 91E0 (Alluvial forests with Alnus gluti-nosa and Fraxinus excelsior (Alno-Padion, Alnion incanae, Salicion albae) with na-tional and international protection and conservation status, stipulated in An-nex II of Council Directive 92/43/CEE.

The study purpose consists in iden-tifying and mapping of Populetum albae, Alno-Salicetum cinereae, respectively Al-no-Salicetum rosmarinifoliae plant com-munity areas, whose importance is giv-en by their using as indicators of biotope conditions for above mentioned hab-itats. The working methodology was based on the correlation between field site data and data obtained through specific processing of satellite images which cover study area.

To achieve these goals, resources such as the following were used:

¨ data – panchromatic and multispec-tral satellite images with 0.5, respec-tively 2 m resolutions (provided by Pleiades 2) and orthophotos with 2.5m spatial resolution;

¨ software resources - ArcGIS 10.0 for data management in GIS system and ENVI EX for remote sensing data processing;

¨ hardware resources: Trimble GeoEx-plorer GeoXT 6000.

Mapping results have been constitut-ed as informational layers in GIS data-base created in this study. Thus, distri-bution maps were made for those three plants communities, maps which con-stitute the base of corresponding habi-tats mapping. The present paper there-fore provides the necessary elements for a better accessibility of information and a performance management of the Nat-ura 2000 site.

Key words: floodplain, GIS, mapping, satellite images, plant communities

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The demographic potentials of Euroregion Danube 21 in Serbia-Consequences of biological depopulation and population ageing

Aleksandar Knežević1, Branislav Đurđev2, Daniela Arsenović2

1 University of Belgrade, Faculty of Geography, Studentski trg 3/III, 11 000 Belgrade, Serbia, [email protected]

2 University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Geography, Tourism and Hotel Management, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia

The Euroregion ‘’Danube 21’’ consists of 21 administrative units, located on the border area of Serbia, Romania and Bul-garia. The largest part (about 70 %) of Euroregion is located at the territory of the Republic of Serbia , which including eight municipalities of Bor and Zaječar areas with 284,112 people (about 60 % of the total population of Danube Euro re-gion).Only about 10% of the territory of the Euroregion belongs Romania and in this area lives about 10% of total popu-lation of Euroregion. About 20% of teri-tory of Euroregion is located in Bulgar-ia and in this part lives about 30% of total population of Euroregion. Total number of settlement in Euroregion Danube 21 is about 403 and more than half settlement (about 65%) is located in Serbia, about 32% in located in Bulagaria and about 3% is located in Romania. Although it is a po-tential region for economic development, this part of Eastern Serbia is a sparsely populated area, primarily due to biolog-ical depopulation that began in the late nineteenth century, with consequenc-

es that became visible after first World War II.The process of biological depop-ulation suffered such proportions and today the whole area Euroregion Dan-ube 21 in Serbia is demographically dev-astatedand it is an example of advanced process of deep demographic ageing. The main characteristics of demographic de-velopment of this region are intense pro-cess of emigration, birth control as well as intensive process of population ageing. Such demographic development cause pronounced unfavorable age structure of the population, increasing mortality and decreasing number young age popula-tion, also decreasing number of working age population and female population in reproductive age. This process ultimate-ly produces a range of socio-economic issues which affecting successful cross-border cooperation in this part of Europe.

Key words: Euroregion Danube 21, population potentials, demographic development, biological depopulation, population ageing, cross-border coop-eration

SESSION 5Population and settlement geography; Geographical education

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Demo-economic vulnerability of Romanian small towns

Ilinca-Valentina Stoica1, Daniela Zamfir2

1 University of Bucharest, Faculty of Geography, Interdisciplinary Center for Advanced Research on Territorial Dynamics, Bucharest, Regina Elisabeta 4-12, Sector 1, 0040213138410, [email protected]

2 University of Bucharest, Faculty of Geography, Interdisciplinary Center for Advanced Research on Territorial Dynamics, Bucharest, Regina Elisabeta 4-12, Sector 1, 0040213138410, [email protected]

The specific purpose of this paper is to determine the demographic and economic vulnerabilities of the Roma-nian small towns, taking into account the sensitivity of these towns and their function of a relay between the urban and the rural systems. For that purpose, a series of indicators were taken into ac-count and correlating them, this could lead to determining the most vulnera-ble small towns from the economic, but especially demographic point of view.

In order to identify the econom-ic vulnerability, the most relevant in-dicator was considered the intensity of deindustrialization, knowing the fact that a substantial percentage of these towns are former mono-industrial towns, while for emphasizing the de-mographic vulnerability, natural bal-ance (the mean for 1992-2011), migrato-ry balance (the mean for 1992-2011), the share of the population of 65 years old and over (2011) and demographic evolu-tion (1992-2011) indicators were used to that end. Thus, Romanian small towns

were characterized by a strong deindus-trialization with consequences on de-mographic dynamics and their capacity to polarize. On that account, certain de-industrialization thresholds were estab-lished with obvious correlations at the level of negative demographic dynam-ics (especially on the basis of a high mi-gration of the population). The most af-fected by demographic decreasing, up to a 35 % decrease of the population in the interval 1992-2011, there were the towns that registered a strong decline of the economic activities, some of which being mono-industrial (almost 30 % of the towns with a population between 10 000 and 20 000 inhabitants).

At the same time, there will be also analyzed the territorial influences of the geo-demographic and economic vulner-abilities (or better said the risks), gener-ating an interpolation of these ones for individualization of the towns with the highest risk of fragility.

Key words: vulnerability, risk, popu-lation, economy, small towns

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Demographic processes of peripheral areas in Hungary

János Pénzes

Department of Social Geography and Regional Development Planning, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1. H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; [email protected]

The study aims to discover the most important demographic processes of peripheral areas during the last decades after the change of regime. The analysis of the change in the population num-ber, the investigation of migration and reproduction are part of the study. The representation of the age structure and ethnic processes are also included.

The demographic trends of different peripheral areas (traditional backward areas, territories of structural crisis and problematic rural areas) are investigat-ed separately. These characteristics and their spatial patterns are compared to the national processes.

The results of the study draw the attention to the most important de-

mographic problems of peripheral ar-eas, namely the aging society, the se-lective and massive migration loss and the rapid change of ethnic composition with the accumulation of deep pover-ty. These disadvantageous phenom-ena may lead to the creation of more deformed societies in the case of pe-ripheral areas which obstruct the po-tential development possibilities. The adequate and comprehensive explora-tion of these processes is the first step to stop the subsequent deepening of peripheral symptoms.

Key words: aging, core-periphery, demographic indicators, depopulation, ethnic exchange, migration

Comperative analysis of migration economical effect in Serbia, Latvia and Moldova in last decade

Mihails Kozlovs

University of Latvia, Lomonosova 12-34, Rīga, LV1019, [email protected]

In this paper the economical effect of emigration on Latvian, Serbian and Moldovan economies in last decade is researched. During this time frame the analysis is made upon emigration meaning in broad sense - size of migra-tion flows and the effect on economies.

The main motivation of this re-search paper is to calculate the influ-ence of the emigration on the countries

economy by estimating the negative and positive factors in these relations re-garding economies of Latvia, Serbia and Moldova.

As a result 4 models of emigration influence on economy were created and what is more important – these models, with small modifications may be used for examination the same issue in oth-er regions and countries. As well author

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introduced innovative way of 3 methods usage- SWOT&PEST multidimensional analysis provides transparent represen-tation of the results.

By estimating the economical effects of emigration - it was concluded that negative effect of emigration increases, if the level of life and salary grow in em-igration-source country. Moldova’s GDP

nowadays by more than ¼ consists of remittances. Latvian economy receives fewer transfers from abroad, than tax-es, which could have been paid by cur-rent emigrants. In Serbia there is oppo-site case and economy is gaining much more from transfers, than it could have been received by taxes from current em-igrants.

Asylum seekers and human smuggling in Serbia

Vesna Lukić

Institute of Social Sciences, Demographic Research Center, Kraljice Natalije 45, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; [email protected]

The Republic of Serbia is facing with the abuse of the asylum system and vi-sa-free regime with the EU and the in-creased number of irregular transit mi-grants from countries outside Europe whose destination are some of the EU countries. According to the Stabilisa-tion and Association Agreement be-tween the European Communities and their Member States and the Republic of Serbia, Serbia is committed to respect the principle of prohibition of expulsion and protection of the rights of asylum seekers and refugees, the prevention and control of irregular migration and the adoption of EU standards in terms of integrated border management.

This article focuses on the asylum seekers in Serbia. Most of them are ir-regular migrants from Africa and the Middle East asking for asylum after the police officers caught them in the coun-try. They stay in one of the reception centers for asylum seekers to rest, while seeking a way to contact smugglers or continue the yourney on their own. The age and sex composition of asylum seek-ers population in Banja Koviljača Asy-lum Center suggests that asylum is a way to immigrate to desired destination countries.

Key words: irregular migration, asy-lum seekers, migration policy, Serbia

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Disparities of population potentials in Region of Timočka Krajina

Danica Šantić, Marija Martinović, Mikica Sibinović

University of Belgrade, Faculty of Geography, Studentski trg 3/III, 11 000 Belgrade, Serbia, [email protected]

Transition of natural population re-placement was initiated in East Serbia in the second half of the XIX century and was carried out with different in-tensity untill modern period. Since the 1960s, this area was characterised with depopulation, decline or slow population growth and emigration. The processes of deagrarization, industrialization and urbanization after World War II inten-sified all forms of spatial mobility of the population. On these bases, the region-al specificities in transition of the popu-lation movement types were taking place, i.e., the relations of contribution of nat-ural increase and migration of popula-

tion in forming and maintaining of the total population potentials were spatial-ly polarized. It has determined the quan-titative and qualitative characteristics of contemporary population potentials in this area and their possible future devel-opment trends. In this paper is empha-sized the difference between the spatial distributon of population living in dif-ferent hypsometrically belts due to well known sentence that contemporary pop-ulation concentration in Serbia is toward the main Corridors VII and X.

Key words: population, spatial dis-tribution, Corridor VII, concentration, Timočka Krajina.

Current demographic and urban problems in the Danubean Dobrudzha (region Bulgaria)

Milen Penerliev

University of Shumen, Department “Geography and Methodology and teaching geography”, 9712-Shumen sity, Universitetska str. 115, Bulgaria; [email protected]

The administrative units in Do-brudzha in the Bulgarian part of the Danube are the municipalities of Silis-tra and Tutrakan. The demographic cri-sis is a very negative circumstance in the country. The article examines the con-temporary situation in this part of the state. It treats the trend of decline in the number of population. Reasons and

trends in the future. The decreasing number of children in schools is point-ed out. An attempt is made to highlight the problems specific for this part of the country through comparative analy-sis. The author describes the reasons for these trends.

Key words: population, urban, Dan-ubean Dobrudzha, problems, trends

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Role of settlement size in several economic, social and supply indicators in Hungary

Klára Józsa1, Péter Bajmócy2

1 Department of Economic and Human Geography, University of Szeged, H-6722, Szeged, Egyetem u. 2. [email protected]

2 Department of Economic and Human Geography, University of Szeged, H-6722, Szeged, Egyetem u. 2. [email protected]

In the last decades the villages in Hungary have been strongly differenti-ated, and one of the differentiating fac-tors was the settlements size. The eco-nomic, social, traffic, tourism and supply indicators depend on the number of the inhabitants of the villages. Because of that, we set up total development fac-tors for the villages in Hungary (2935 settlements), from the normalized val-ues of 27 statistical indicators. We used indicator groups and examined the dif-ferentiation of the villages with cluster analysis. In terms of the development there are differences among the settle-ment-size groups. For example the de-velopment average (802.1) of small villag-es (with less than 500 inhabitants) is left behind by the development average of the whole village stock (879.4). If we ex-amine the development data in groups by indicators, the averages of small vil-lages by indicator groups are substan-tially different from the averages of the

whole village stock in supply and social regard. Villages, that in the 1990s had more than 500 inhabitants but for now ’ran out’ into the category of small vil-lages, regarding their total development values, do not really differ from the aver-age of small villages. Unexpectedly, the 99 settlements in question can be found mostly not at the end but in the middle 1/3rd section in the list of total develop-ment of small villages. This is because of more reasons, on the one hand, the supply, the economy indicators of settle-ments that decreased in population, are not considerably worse than the average of small villages, on the other hand, the society, the infrastructure indicator val-ues are mainly lower than them. This means that the settlement size in Hun-gary is an influential factor by social-economic statistical analysis.

Key words: settlement size, social, economic, supply indicators, Hungary, differentiation

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Spatial Organization of the Settlement Network in the South Banat County (district)

Dragica Gatarić, Ana Vrbnik, Marko Ivanišević

University of Belgrade, Faculty of Geography, Studentski trg 3/III, 11 000 Belgrade, Serbia, [email protected]

Development of the settlements of Vojvodina takes place in accordance with the laws of the urbanization pro-cess, which is manifested in two phas-es: the first - after the Second World War until the beginning of the 80s of the 20th century, which is characterized by a polycentric polarization, and the second

– monocentric polarization, which is still present. Since the settlements provide a fundamental stamp to cultural land-scape, and are the main carriers of the functional organization and focal trans-formation of geospace, the paper analyz-es spatial- demographic and function-al determinants of development of the settlement network of the South Banat County (district) on the basis of quanti-tative and qualitative indicators. The set-tlement network includes 94 settlements distributed on the territory of the 8 mu-

nicipalities: Pančevo, Vršac, Kovin, Ali-bunar, Bela Crkva, Kovačica, Opovo and Plandište. The time period of the analy-sis and statistical survey of demograph-ic components in the settlement network is observed through three inter-census periods, as follows: 1981-1991, 1991-2002 and 2002-2011, whereas the functional determinants since 1981 until 2011. The relationship of “strength” between the major urban centers of the South Ba-nat District, the concentration poles of the population, indicate to a clear domi-nance of Pančevo (a subcentre of the Bel-grade - Novi Sad metropolitan area) and Vršac in comparison to other urban cent-ers and the municipality center - Pladište.

Key words: South Banat county, set-tlement network, spatial-demographic and spatial-functional transformation of settlements

Historical-geographical peculiarities reflected in the Olt Country anthroponomy

Ionel Boamfă

University Center for Human Geography and Territorial Planning CUGUAT-TIGRIS, Department of Geography, „Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iași, Bd. Carol I, 20A, 700505, Iași, Romania, [email protected]

The anthroponomy answers, along with other sciences, to the questions re-lated to geographical and historical pe-culiarities of an area. Given the wealth

and the oldness of information in in-scriptions, documents, statistical re-cords, yearbooks, scientific papers and / or electoral lists, we decided to highlight

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some of the historical and geographical peculiarities of people’s names in the Olt Country.

This area has a wealth and a consid-erable length of registration of anthro-ponomy covering on the one hand, sec-ond and third centuries of the Christian era, and on the other – the period from the thirteenth century until today. If the information from the first centu-ries is disparate, discontinuous and in-complete, after 1500 and especially af-ter 1600, the statistical-documentary records from most existing settlements allow the chrono-spatial analysis at the level of settlements and administrative units and of the whole Olt Country.

In developing the database and its mapping we hit some problems. Thus, to make comparisons between differ-ent historical periods, we decided to use the current network of settlements and

the current administrative units, bring-ing all the statistical information at this level. Also, the lack of official limits at settlements level compelled us to create new one, which is purely formal, con-ventional.

Based on the analysis of Olt Coun-try anthroponyms, we highlighted some features related to ethno-religious structure of the population in the his-toric past of the area, the geographical origin of the inhabitants (highlighting the historical migrations), the profes-sional structure of the active popula-tion for the older historical periods, the share of illiteracy for the periods before modern censuses, etc..

Key words: anthroponomy, Olt Coun-try, ethno-religious structure of the pop-ulation, geographical origin of the in-habitants, professional structure of the active population, share of illiteracy

“Factory for geographic literacy” – a metaphor for geographical education

Lucila Tzankova¹, Maya Vasileva¹, Georgi Kotseff¹, Dessislava Poleganova²

¹ Department Regional Development and Politics² Department Regional and Political Geography, Faculty of Geology and Geography,

Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, 15 Tzar Osvoboditel Blvd, 1504 Sofia, Bulgaria; [email protected], [email protected]

Geographical education in Bulgar-ia is performed in conditions of central-ized planning. It is organized in a sys-tem with definite parameters - elements, structure, organization and environ-ment. The most important factor which determines the status of geographical education is the national educational policy, which in turn is a product of so-cial, political and economic conditions

in Bulgaria. The public needs, unique-ness of geographical science, and geo-graphical knowledge find their obvious reflection in the mission of geographi-cal education – to ensure the establish-ment of geographic literacy of young people as part of their general knowl-edge and understanding of the world. This implies the search for new ways for its effective management aiming at its

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improvement. One of the possible solu-tions to this problem is the introduction of innovative models for development of geographical educational system.

In the current paper the authors pro-pose a sample model of teaching geogra-phy using a metaphor as an instrument for its representation. “Factory for ge-ographic literacy” is a complex system which operates in specific external envi-ronment. A graphical model of the sys-tem with key elements, relations and interactions has been introduced. The functioning of the model is organized in particular sequence of goals which are more or less standardized. The inte-gral “working process” is accomplished

in framework delineated by the interac-tion between strategy, structure and or-ganizational culture. Other main ele-ments of the proposed model which are examined in the paper are the “modes of development” and “ideal organizational environment”.

The main conclusion is that the sys-tem of geographical education is a dy-namic, open one, influenced by a variety of factors. The public needs of Bulgari-an society set new requirements for its quality and efficiency.

Key words: Geographic literacy, Model for functioning of geographical education, Effective management of ge-ographical education

Romanian geography, where to?

Ioan Ianos

Interdisciplinary Center for Advanced Research on Territorial Dynamics, University of Bucharest; 4-12, Regina Elisabeta Blvd., 030018 Bucharest, Romania; [email protected]

Looking to Romanian Geography in the national and international con-text there are many reasons for concern. The present paper analysis the Romani-an Geography starting from three per-spectives: as discipline, as science, and as presence in society (local, regional communities, too). At the curricula lev-el of all pre-universitary cycles, Geogra-phy dramatically decreases. At the same time, it should be added the exclusion of Geography from national tests and bac-calaureate, and diminishing of the vis-ibility of geography in the school. As science, Geography is permanently ag-gressed by related sciences, in a com-plex situation when decreased the in-terest of geographers to defend their

own science, and increased the attrac-tion for other science, which produces a real centrifugal move. Analyzing the re-lationships of Geography with society at the whole, it’s easy to observe the acci-dental participation of geographers to the national projects, reduced involving to solve the local and regional problems, diminishing of the publications in the Romanian language. Why it happens this? There are many answers to ex-plain the loosing of Geography position. First of all, it’s about the lack of a revi-talization strategy of Geography, and the incapacity to find rapid and credi-ble answers to the structural changes of contemporary science. Secondly, Ge-ography accepts, too easy, the pray po-

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sition in comparison with other disci-pline and sciences. Thirdly, the negative effects of the pseudo-reforms in edu-cation and research: the promotion of people using the quantitative criteria, the high bureaucratic system for quality assurance, the encouraging the specula-tive research (which destroys the think-ing system in science). The mirage of re-lated or other sciences for geographers

transforms them in veritable econo-mists, sociologists, planners, demogra-phers etc. The paper finishes in an opti-mistic manner, underlying that the next steps means increasing the responsibili-ty of geographers for GEOGRAPHY.

Key words: Geography as pray; Ge-ography as discipline and science; Ge-ography and territorial communities; Speculative research.

Geography Teacher’s Education in the Danube Region (Serbia) and in the South Moravian Region (Czech Republic): Comparative Study

Tijana Ilić

Department for Geography, Faculty of Education, University of Masaryk, Porici 7, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic; [email protected]

This article explores the geography teacher’s education in the Czech Re-public and Serbia. The attention is paid to the educational system in both coun-tries in the context of geography educa-tion. The research methods employed include a comparative content analysis of the curricular documents and inter-view with geography student teachers in these two countries. The aim of arti-

cle is to define the status and structure of geography education in curricula and students’ views in the abovemen-tioned countries. The outcome of this research could be used to define bet-ter and more effective solutions prior-ity for Serbian primary geography ed-ucation.

Key words: geography teachers, ge-ography education, primary education

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Benefits of out-of classroom teaching in comparison to classroom teaching on the example of “Danube – classroom on the water” education program

Slađana Anđelković1, Sanja Maksimović2

1 University of Belgrade, Faculty of Geography, Studentski trg 3/III, 11 000 Belgrade, [email protected]

2 New school – plus, Belgrade

Although educational benefits of out of classroom teaching have been proven through several researches in the world through past decades, we had no researches of that type in Serbia, mostly because the low representation of this kind of teaching in our coun-try. The aim of this study is to deter-mine the advantages of outdoor learn-ing versus classroom learning on the example of the “Danube - Classroom on the Water” educational program, in which approximately 6,000 prima-ry school pupils from Serbia have par-ticipated so far. It was found that the experimental group which has learned outdoor showed a higher level of ac-

quired knowledge and more long-last-ing knowledge compared to the control group, especially regarding themat-ic content related to the ecology of riv-ers, river and coastal wildlife and river traffic. The findings indicate the need to increase the proportion of outdoor learning in formal education, as well as creating favorable social climate for interdisciplinary study and sustaina-ble use of the Danube as a resource for teaching and learning.

Key words: Danube, classroom on the water, out of classroom teaching, thematic planning, interdisciplinary teaching, environmental awareness, sustainable development

The regional approach and the regional studies method in the process of geography teaching Bulgaria

Stela Dermendzhieva, Martin Doykov

Department Geography, “St. Cyril and St. Methodius” University of Veliko Tarnovo, 5003 Veliko Turnovo, 2 T. Turnovski str., Bulgaria, [email protected]

We define the regional approach as a manner of relations among the glob-al trends of development of the “Socie-ty – man – nature” system and the local differentiating level of knowledge. Con-ditionally, interactions interlace under the influence of the character of Geog-

raphy as a science, education, approach-es, goals and teaching methods.

Global, national and local devel-opment differentiate in three concen-tric circles at the level of knowledge. It is determined as a conception of mod-ern, complex and effective mechanism

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for young people, through which knowl-edge develops in regional historical and cultural perspective; self-consciousness for socio-economic and cultural inte-gration is formed as a part of the his-torical-geographical image of the native land. This way an attitude to the na-tive land is formed as a connecting con-struct between patriotism to the moth-erland and the same in global aspect.

The possibility for integration and cooperation of the educative geographi-cal content with all the local historical-

geographical, regional, profession ori-entating, artistic, municipal and district institutions, is outlined.

Contemporary geographical educa-tion appears to be a powerful and indis-pensable mechanism for organization of human sciences, while the region-al approach and the application of the regional studies method stimulate and motivate the development and realiza-tion of optimal capacities for direct con-nection with the local structures and environments.

Smart land-use changes for successful planning in the case of Craiova Metropolitan Area

Costela Iordache, Sorin Avram, Cristiana Vîlcea

University of Craiova, A.I. Cuza Street, no 13, Craiova, Romania, [email protected]

Craiova metropolitan area enclos-es about 50% of the total population of Dolj county, being a dynamic area in re-spect to the spatial changes and spatial planning.

The metropolitan area has 19 locali-ties, but their number varied constant-ly during the last years. The present re-search is conducted inside the limits of the metropolitan area that had been de-termined by previous studies sustained by the influence of the main urban pole and not on by the political-administra-tive reality, that, most of the time, is ar-bitrarily determined. Among the locali-ties, based on the number of population and surface, the following urban poles can be distinguished: Craiova (269,506

inhabitants, 81 skm), Filiaşi (16,900 in-habitants, 99 skm), Segarcea (7,019 in-habitants, 120 skm) and Balş (16,840 in-habitants, 37 skm).

The study aim to determine the way in which the urban poles with-in the metropolitan area act as drives for the development and the changes/ planning of the metropolitan area. Be-ing directly correlated with the demo-graphic and economic changes, the ur-ban growth intensified, during the last decade, at intra-urban level and within the urban fringe, modifying the met-ropolitan land use in such a manner which may lead to spatial dysfunction-alities, if it is not carefully monitored and planned.

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Foreign Direct Investment as a driver of stability/instability in territorial systems

Igor Sîrodoev, Andrei Schvab, Ioan Ianos

Interdisciplinary Center for Advanced Research on Territorial Dynamics, University of Bucharest; 4-12, Regina Elisabeta Blvd., 030018 Bucharest, Romania

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is recommended by the World Bank, and other international organizations, as a valuable tool to enhance national and regional development, especially for emerging and underdeveloped econo-mies. Numerous studies report benefi-cial effects of FDI at the national level. The main goal of our paper is to analyse how the FDI produce instability in the territorial systems, and how could be measured the effects on its development. Investments act like a shock for the cur-rent state of the territorial system. It is up to the internal configuration of the system to divert this shock into the de-sired direction. Some researchers re-port that in a medium-term perspective the territorial system will find the new equilibrium at a higher level of develop-ment. Other authors question this affir-mation by arguing that there might not be enough time for finding this new sta-ble state. In the present study we don’t conceptualize instability only with a negative connotation, but as a state that

fosters a potential significant change. Systems during instability states search for new points of equilibrium and, in these situations, systems can break old patterns and set new paths of develop-ment. Instability is processed differently by different systems. When two similar systems react to instability in signifi-cantly different ways, there is a sign of a serious fault that blocks development flows at the local or regional level. Spa-tial effects of FDI are presented in a case study through comparison of two kind of territorial systems, having different dynamics. Based on our findings we rec-ommend territorial development pol-icies to have a diversified approach to FDI attraction in order to be aware not just of benefits of such a policy, but its potential drawbacks and pitfalls as well. This work was supported by European Social Funds through the POSDRU pro-ject under contract 159/1.5/S/133391.

Key words: investment; economic development; equilibrium; instable sys-tems

SESSION 6Geography and EU strategy for the Danube region; Geography of transport in the framework EU strategy for the Danube region; Sustainable tourism policy, planning and development

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The Territorial Cohesion of the Danube Region

Pál Szabó

Department of Regional Science, Eötvös Loránd University, 1/C Pazmany st. 1117 Budapest, Hungary; [email protected]

In the EU there is a new development area, which is based on the river Dan-ube: the Danube region. The EU has a strategy for this region but there are some questions, debates about this re-gion and the objectives. One main ques-tion is: is it a cohesive region? Theories provide information about the criteria of a region: borders, cohesion, identi-ty and institution. In this paper we an-

alyze which elements of the theoret-ical region can be found in the case of the Danube region. Literature, statisti-cal data and different official facts pro-vide information about this topic but the opinion of people is also important, which is collected by a survey in Buda-pest.

Key words: Danube region, territori-al cohesion, Budapest

The legal and institutional framework for integrated governance: Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve case study (Romania)

Nataşa Văidianu, Cristian Braghină, Ionuţ Ianoş

Interdisciplinary Center for Advanced Research on Territorial Dynamics, University of Bucharest, 4-12 Regina Elisabeta Blv, 030018 Bucharest, Romania; [email protected]

Wetlands provide a wide range of values to human communities. They are places for teaching and learning and cooperation between governments and people will be essential for identi-fying these wetlands and for their on-going management. The paper aims to provide a clear understanding of the le-gal and institutional systems in Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve (DDBR), con-sidering the EU Strategy for the Dan-ube Region. This paper identifies, actual institutional and legal practices, as well as the legal and institutional changes in regimes, that have taken place over the

last decades. Decision-making authori-ty concerning DDBR management still resides with the central government. This top-down approach to resource governance causes conflicts, and the flexibility required to respond to prob-lems at the local level is lacking. The administrative framework is described, and the role of local government is high-lighted as a major reason for failures in enforcing laws. In particular the paper outlines the link between the percep-tions of different stakeholders regard-ing the value of this area and the in-vestment made by government in their

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management. There are still no clear regulations on community partici-pation and on the rights of local peo-ple. At the community level, better le-gal and institutional support is needed for community-based management, es-pecially of fisheries and tourism. At the highest level, there is need for a perma-nent inter-institutional coordination arrangement to deal with the harmoni-

zation of laws and operational practic-es, and to clarify the conflicting roles of the various government agencies con-cerned with DDBR management. This work was supported by European Social Funds through the POSDRU project un-der contract 159/1.5/S/133391.

Key words: Regulations, Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve Authority, Conflicts, Community participation

The European transport (in)accessibility of Bulgaria

Atanas Dermendzhiev, Martin Doykov

Department Geography, “St. Cyril and St. Methodius” University of Veliko Tarnovo, 5003 Veliko Turnovo, 2 T. Turnovski str., [email protected]

The contemporary development of Southeastern Europe predetermines the necessity of the existence of adequate transport connections. The linear in-frastructure of Bulgaria is a complicated system, determining the socio-econom-ic and geodemographic development of the country, but also determined by the level of its condition.

The political-economic dualism sub-stantiates the variability and adaptive-ness of the attitude to transport activi-ty conditions.

The Bulgarian geopolitical space is a dynamic area. Its fundamental frame is the transport network, predetermined by the requirements for adequate valor-ization of the political-geographical po-sition of Bulgaria.

The necessities of utilization of the European transport corridors that tan-gent or cross the country have been an-alyzed. Some variants for tracing of the euro corridors have also been proposed. The geopolitical advantages of each one of them have been pointed out and ana-lyzed through the prism of the political-geographical assessment and analysis.

The possible socio-economic effect of the transformation of the territory of Bulgaria into an active integration zone has been traced.

Some activities for preventing Bul-garia from turning into European trans-port enclave have been proposed.

Key words: linear infrastructure, European transport corridors, political-geographical position, valorization, in-tegration zone, enclave

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Heterogeneity of Tourist Attractions in the Iron Gate as a motive for Travel

Snežana Štetić1, Sanja Pavlović2, Sara Stanić3

1 College of Tourism, Bulevar Mihajla Pupina 153, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia; [email protected]

2 University of Belgrade – Faculty of Geography, Studentski trg, 3/III, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia; [email protected]

3 University of Belgrade – Faculty of Geography, PhD student, Starca Vujadina 4, 11080, Zemun, Serbia; [email protected]

A significant number of continental tourism areas are characterized by well-preserved nature and diversity of an-thropogenic tourism values . The same can be said for the Iron Gate. Nature re-serves, regional nature park, river, gorge, the wealth of flora, archaeological sites, and medieval castles contribute to the Iron Gate is distinctive in the tourism market.

It was expected from the survey re-spondents to express their level of agree-ment from complete disagreement to complete agreement with statements on a scale from 1 to 5 (Likert scale). The al-legations are related to the impressions about tourism values in the study area. Three groups of tourism values are sep-arated : natural, cultural and tourism places. Data analysis are performed in the software package for statistical data processing and analysis SPSS 20:00. De-scriptive statistical analysis and appro-

priate tests are applied, and they iden-tify differences in responses, depending on gender, age and education level of the respondents.

The research results are brought into correlation with existing theory and practical experience, and demon-strate that Iron Gate, unique in Europe, has been visited and authentically ex-perienced by tourists of different gen-der, age and education. Two hypoth-eses are appointed in this paper. The first hypothesis assumes that tourists have a similar interest in the natural and cultural values, and less interest in tourism places, a second hypothesis suggests that a higher level of educa-tion affects the growing interest in cul-tural tourism motives and more com-prehensive travel programs.

Key words: nature, culture, tourism values, tourism places, interest, Iron Gate

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Sustainable planning and tourism development policy in the example of the medieval fortress on the Danube

Srđan Belij¹, Marina Ilinčić², Jelena Belij², Marija Belij³

¹ Institute of Nature Protection of Serbia, Dr Ivana Ribara 91, 11000 Belgrade² Phd student of Faculty of Geography, University of Belgrade³ Faculty of Geography, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 3/III, 11000 Belgrade, marija.

[email protected]

The coastal area of the Danube had the greatest strategic importance in the preservation of the waterway, which was the most important road in this part of Europe until the late 19th cen-tury. On the banks of the Danube were located the cradle of many civilizations that were built by European values and identities created by different people. As a natural border Danube has played a significant role in military strategy in the struggle for supremacy and domina-tion of European territories, which are the most significant and most monu-mental fortress in Serbia, built right on the banks of the Danube.

Cultural Route „Fortresses on the Danube“, which floats our sector of the Danube, displays our most important monuments of military architecture in this part of Serbia, the preserved re-mains of seven fortresses: Bač, Petro-varadin, Belgrade, Smederevo, Ram, Golubačka and Fetislam. Mentioned fortress are an important resource for sustainable tourism development and an important part of the cultural corri-dor not only in Serbia, but also South-Eastern Europe, which value is recog-nized by UNESCO.

A special segment of the tourism in-dustry in the development of the Dan-ube region represents the development of geotourism as tourism specific niche markets Danube fortresses, and oth-er objects of natural and cultural herit-age of the Danube basin is recognized as an interesting tourist destinations and sites worth visiting and retention dur-ing a cruise on the Danube.

Protection of cultural heritage as a unique and irreplaceable wealth, is very important for the Republic of Serbia and the Danube Region. The development of

„cultural routes“ and other forms of clus-ter connectivity properties of cultural heritage will help better interpretation of heritage and the creation of cooperative networks that will provide obtaining the status of an important heritage resource in the development of cultural tourism and to be involved in politics purpose-ful tourism planning. Moreover, invest-ments in the restoration of the Danube fortress create the conditions for a great-er volume of tourist traffic and a signifi-cant share of foreign tourists from cruise ships in their unique offer.

Key words: the Danube, a medieval fortress, tourism, geotourism, sustaina-ble development

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The Assessment of Tourist Attractiveness of South Banat Area in Serbia and Cross Border Cooperation with Romania

Vanja Dragićević, Nataša Drakulić Kovačević, Uglješa Stankov

University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Geography, Tourism and Hotel Management, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; [email protected]

The main purpose of this article is to assess tourist attractiveness of South Ba-nat area in Serbia on the basis of tourism stakeholders’perceptions. The method-ology employed uses individual survey questionnaires on the tourism stake-holders’ evaluation of the attractive-ness of tourist facilities and attributes in South Banat area (the ‘regional tour-ist profile’). The paper aims to examine in which attributes South Banat area is more attractive as a tourism destina-tion and where it is less attractive. Also, this paper aims to examine interest of

tourism stakeholders in South Banat for cross border cooperation with tour-ism stakeholders in Romania and possi-bilities for such cooperation. The results will be most valuable in assisting desti-nation management organizations, tour-ism policy creators and tourism practi-tioners to better understand identified destination strengths and weaknesses and to formulate strategies to effectively manage destination disadvantages.

Key words: tourist destination at-tractiveness, South Banat, cross border cooperation

Summer entertainment programs - factors of the tourist experience

Zdenko Cerović

Faculty of Tourism and Hospitality Management, Primorska 42, Ika p.p. 07. 51410 Opatija, Croatia, [email protected]

Tourists seek to experience a tour-ist destination with its tangible and in-tangible cultural amenities and facili-ties. Entertainment programs in tourist offer play an important role in stimulat-ing experiences of tourists who choose a tourist destination according to the mo-tives of their travel. In this sense, the pa-per intends to explore and confirm the thesis that the summer festivals not only enhance summer festivals, but also in-

crease tourist spending. Authors will in-vestigate the importance of entertain-ment programs in meeting the needs of those tourists whose primary or second-ary motive of choosing a tourist desti-nation refers to fun and entertainment. The research model studies Adriatic tourist destinations in Croatia. To that end, summer entertainment programs will be defined, with special emphasis on the importance of destination man-

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agement and its organisations in terms of establishing the bearers of entertain-ment programs’ execution plans in a tourist destination. In addition, the pa-per will examine different forms and types of summer entertainment pro-grams which affect considerably both the

quality of the tourist offer and the tourist consumption. It is expected that the re-search findings will contribute to the op-eration of destination management, par-ticularly in the system of tourist boards.

Key words: tourist consumption, summer event, summer festivals

The utilization of Danube Limes in tourism in Hungary

Zoltán Bujdosó

Károly Róbert College, Mátrai út 36, Gyöngyös, 3200, Hungary, [email protected]

The former frontiers of the Roman Empire are set to become the world s biggest single archaeological site. UNE-SCO World Heritage Site status is now in prospect for the frontiers as a whole. The enlargement of the existing World Heritage property - already inscribed are three Limes sections in UK and DE plus the prospective new SK and HU candi-dates for 2012/2013 - with new nomina-tions in the Lower Danube countries is an excellent and most respected tool to achieve the long-term protection of the Limes sites. The World Heritage desig-nation on the Danube Limes heritage would also ensure a proper and ada-quate utilization of the cultural herit-age resources and a massive increase in awareness raising. The overall ob-

jectives are to extend the multination-al serial World Heritage Property into the Lower Danube countries. Expect-ed results are new Danube Limes nom-ination documents, UNESCO Tentative List Entries and nomination documents on samples areas. A second focus lays on the development of an overall mar-keting strategy for the prospective ex-tension of the World Heritage into all Danube countries. To the present day there is no closer cooperation between individual Limes regions or cross border collaboration. Final result of those ac-tivities is a concrete joint action plan on the development of a common cultural route, an additional tourist destination and a cultural brand for the whole Dan-ube Limes.

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Serbian Danube Region as Tourist Destination

Dobrila Lukić, Dragan Milovanović

Eight Belgrade Grammar School, Grčića Milenka 71, 11 000 Belgrade, Serbia, [email protected]

The aim of this paper is to show the advantages and disadvantages of the Ser-bian Danube Region as a tourist destina-tion. Tasks to be completed in order to achieve the set aim include: determining the position of the Serbian Danube Re-gion from the perspective of transpor-tation geography, identifying its natu-ral and anthropogenic tourism assets, its tourism infrastructure, as well as the types of tourism that can develop there based on the above. The methods used in this paper comprise: the cartographic method; a statistical method used for de-termining monthly and annual mean val-ues of the Danube water level, water tem-perature and climatic elements for the period 1991-2010, the number of tourists and overnights in the Danube Region in

2012, as well as the number of accommo-dation facilities and their comparison for the years 2010 and 2012; the analytic and synthetic method; the fieldwork method combined with the photographic meth-od, etc. The only conclusion that can be drawn is that the potentials of the Serbi-an Danube Region for tourism develop-ment have not been sufficiently valorised or realised except in Belgrade and Novi Sad. Therefore, taking action and meas-ures in connection with sustainable de-velopment of tourism would favour eco-nomic development outside major cities, advance the spatial distribution of popu-lation and improve the overall social sit-uation.

Key words: tourism, Danube Region, Serbia

Towards tourism zone development in Djerdap sector of the river Danube: present state and tourism planning policy

Emilija Manić1, Olgica Miljković2, Radmila Jovanović3

1 The Faculty of Economy, University of Belgrade, Kamenička 6, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; [email protected]

2 National Tourism Organization of Serbia, Čika Ljubina 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; [email protected]

3 PhD Student, Faculty of Geography, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg III/3, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; [email protected]

Tourism zones emerge in a mature phase of tourism development which includes the certain extent of scale and amount of tourism content. In this form of tourism development the emphasize

is on dispersal rather than concentra-tion and it is usually a stage to the next development phase – a tourist region.

This paper tries to investigate the conditions for development of touris-

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tic zone in the Djerdap gorge area, em-phasizing linear growth along accessi-ble and attractive coastline of the river Danube. With several key tourist hot-spots along this 100 km Danube coast-line, as well as with key factors of to-pography, access, availability of land for development, and planning and in-vestment conditions, one could con-clude that there is solid base for tourist

zone development. However, the paper also reviles that currently there is very modest tourist traffic in the area, which has been especially observed within the context of required change in the tour-ism management and planning policy.

Key words: Tourism zone, Djerdap gorge, Danube, development, planning, management

Geoecological Evaluation of the National Park “Đerdap” for Tourism and Recreation

Ivan Novković, Milena Đurković, Stefan Stankov, Bojana Milošević, Miško Milanović

University of Belgrade, Faculty of Geography, Institute for the Environment and GIS, Studentski trg 3/3, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; [email protected]

Geoecological evaluation is a meth-od for reaching the conclusion if and to what degree a certain territory corre-sponds to a particular purpose, or for determining what is the most suitable activity for that territory, taking into account the environmental conditions of a given area and respecting the prin-ciples of sustainable development. This method is applicable in various aspects of planning, because it provides further land use possibilities, and eliminates certain activities or limits the effects of those activities that affect the environ-ment negatively. For this reason there is a need for geoecological evaluation of protected areas which include the territory that will be analyzed in this paper. One of the main tasks should be mitigating the conflict between the development of tourism in this part of Serbia, which is the most attractive part of the preferred Lower Danube tour-ist destination and the environmental

protection as a priority activity in the National park. The evaluated criteria in this case are land use, surface slope and distance from main roads. This procedure involves the existence of af-firmative factors – the landscape values of particular importance for tourism and recreation, which include natu-ral values such as significant geomor-phological and hydrological phenome-na, as well as archaeological, cultural and historical sites. At a certain part of

“Đerdap” National park territory con-duction of tourist and recreational ac-tivities is disabled. It is primarily in the first zone of protection. Surfaces af-fected by rockfalls were also eliminat-ed, while those that are affected by the landslides reduced value of points by 30%. For each criteria points are award-ed, and total score will be equal to the arithmetic mean of the scores for the three main criteria, to which the sum of all affirmative factors is added, and

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finally the resulting value is multiplied by the value of eliminatory factors.

Key words: Land use, surface slope, GIS, prudential category, eligibility eval-uation

The River Danube as an attraction in positioning hotels along its riverside capitals

Ákos Kátay, Róbert Kiss

Kodolányi János University of Applied Sciences, Institute of Tourism and Business Studies, Tourism Department, Budapest - Székesfehérvár, Hungary; [email protected], [email protected]

The hotel is part of the tourism su-prastructure that provides the assump-tions of the complex supply set of the temporary home. The most important supply characteristic is the location, be-cause this is the only one that does not change after a hotel starts operating. Therefore, it completely determines the future success of the venue.

The aim of the research is to explore how much Danube bank located hotels lived with the opportunity of choos-ing the venue’s establishing location as a potential attraction. The paper also outlines how much these properties use this aptitude in their marketing and also in selling their product.

The research examines those hotels that have no significant built-up area between their property and the river that would completely destroy the view of the Danube. According to the hy-potheses of the research these riverside

based venues mostly belong to interna-tional or regional hotel chains. During planning these buildings the economi-cal factor within the design of the ven-ue is much more important than that all rooms should have a riverside view. In the hotels’ marketing communica-tion the utilization of the Danube ap-pears as an attraction such as its ad-ditional value shows up in their price policy. The average price of these ven-ues’ rooms is higher than the same cap-ital’s similar star-rated ones without having Danube view.

In order to get relevant answers for the above hypotheses Authors have a detailed overview on the development plans and operating reports as a litera-ture of the hotel and hospitality indus-try and examining the involved hotels’ website content analysis, too.

Key words: Danube, hotel, attrac-tion, location, view, position

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Cultural tourism in Oltenia (Romania) – disregarded opportunity

Liliana Popescu, Amalia Badita, Mirela Mazilu

University of Craiova, A.I. Cuza Str., no 13, Craiova, Romania, [email protected]

As the importance of cultural tour-ism is increasing, ever more states from Europe and not only are using cultural tourism for their tourism development strategies to attract a growing num-ber of tourists. Oltenia’s cultural herit-age with value for tourism is manifested through arts and crafts, costumes, re-ligion, festivals, music, dance, folklore, literature, local cuisine, as well as mon-uments and other constructions testify-ing for the people’s history.

The current analysis, focusing on the cultural patrimony as a major tourist re-

source, aims to identify and examine what types of tourism plans and strate-gies have been adopted by the Romanian government to develop and promote cul-tural tourism in the country as a hole and for specific regions in particular, and what effects they had on the tourism industry, as well as to define the necessary activi-ties for the successful development of cul-tural tourism in Oltenia. The main goal is to demonstrate that beside balneary spas, the region also owes significant natural and cultural resources to support the de-velopment of cultural tourism.

Tourism and territorial planning. Case study: Ploiesti-Bucuresti-Giurgiu axis of development (Romania)

Cristian Tălângă1, Cristina Merciu2, Loreta Cercleux1

1 University of Bucharest, Human Geography Department, Blvd. Nicolae Bălcescu, no. 1, Bucharest, Romania, [email protected]

2 University of Bucharest, Interdisciplinary Center for Advanced Reasearches on Territorial Dynamics (CICADIT), Blvd. Regina Elisabeta, nr. 4-12, Bucharest, Romania

In the context of the updated strat-egies and national territorial planning, at different hierarchic levels, there were launched proposals related to polycen-tric development, to creating the inte-grated poles of urban development or to impulsion of some territorial axes in or-der to stimulate regional and local de-velopment.

In this context, Ploieşti-Bucureşti-Giurgiu axis is seen as and should be a

structural axis for the southern region of Romania, due to the fact that it has a variated economic potential, but a dif-ferent geographical distribution.

Together with positive features such as the concentration of industrial and services activities in Bucharest (includ-ing its periurban area) and Ploiesti, the agricultural potential of the Southern part of the axis (Bucharest-Giurgiu) and transportation infrastructure we men-

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tion tourism activities generated by a rich natural and human potential, ade-quate infrastructure and a skilled work-force.

There are analysed the territorial differences regarding the tourism po-tential and the development method

(actual and future one), based on statis-tical data processing and field research, in order to establish a territorial plan with a regional character.

Key words: territorial planning, tourism potential, Ploiesti-Bucuresti-Giurgiu axis, Romania

Application of the concept of strategic management of tourist destinations: a case study of the National Park Fruska Gora

Svetlana Vukosav, Nevena Ćurčić, Vuk Garača

University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Geography, Tourism and Hotel Management, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia, [email protected]

Successful development of tourist destinations assumes the existence of a tourism product that can be placed on the appropriate tourist market. Tour-ism product and its forming depends on the type of tourist destination. De-velopment of modern tourism demands constant need for modifying, and creat-ing a new attraction in the formation of new tourism products. In modern busi-ness conditions and trends in tourism it is necessary to improve the manage-ment of tourist areas with the aim at its preserving, and improving the quality of development in these areas. To Frus-ka Gora became a successful tourist des-tination and its tourism potential will transform the tourism value it’s impor-tant to continuously and comprehen-sively develop strategic management.

Well positioned tourist destination constantly adapt your strategy accord-

ing to the requirements of tourists, and the strategy itself begins and ends with the selected market segments. The ap-plication of strategic management in the National Park Fruska Gora in the current turbulent conditions is an effec-tive way of managing to create strategic harmony between destination resourc-es and threats and opportunities that come from the environment. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to highlight the need for the application of the strategic management in the National Park Frus-ka Gora and identify appropriate strat-egies to ensure the efficiency and effec-tiveness of the activities National Park Fruska Gora as a tourism destination and improve its growth and develop-ment.

Key words: tourism destination, strategic management, National park Fruska Gora

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Industrial Heritage Tourism: Potential Thematic Route of Vojvodina

Vuk Garača, Nevena Ćurčić, Svetlana Vukosav

University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Geography, Tourism and Hotel Management, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia, [email protected]

In the end of the XX century the sun sea sand concept has been abandoned in advance of an inventive way of spend-ing a leisure time. According to needs on market of tourist services, the coun-tries, where industrial revolution devel-opped, used the industrial heritage and offered this specific product on tourist market. It is common mistake to think that thematic routes of industrial her-itage could be developed only in west-ern European countries. Similar routes

could be developed in the Vojvodina. The subject of this paper is the indus-trial heritage monuments in Vojvodina. The tasks are to locate, mapped, recog-nize the status of objects found in Vo-jvodina and to give the parallel analysis of similar objects abroad. The aim is to make a proposition of revitalization in-dustrial heritage of Vojvodina respect-ing the wishes of the consumers and at the same time fully respect the plans of preserving monuments.

Exploring the Role of Wildlife Tourism: An Integrative Approach to Wildlife Management

Ines Milohnić, Mladenka Popadić

Faculty of Tourism and Hospitality Management Opatija, University of Rijeka, Primorska 42, p.p. 97, 51410 Opatija, Croatia; [email protected]

Wildlife tourism becomes one of the growing tourism sectors. The numbers of tourists that are seeking for close in-teraction with wildlife in their natural environment is continuously growing. Understanding the interplay between economic benefits on one, and wild-life (environmental) on the other hand is becoming critical for sustainabili-ty. The paper contributes to the assess-ment and discussion of wildlife tourism management policy specific to the Croa-tian context. Stakeholders’ attitudes on these issues are analyzed using unique

national survey data on different stake-holders and their attitudes.

Questionnaires were sent to (1) tour-ist boards, (2) local and regional gov-ernments, and (3) animal protection as-sociations, seeking information about potential development, habitat hazards, inquires and interest, and general en-vironmental responsibility. The results illustrate several similarities between tourist board and animal protection as-sociations in regard to the sensitivity of habitats, suggesting education as ante-cedent of wildlife tourism. The results

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also show a clear ambivalence to wild-life tourism among stakeholders. For animal protection associations, wildlife tourism will help or hinder the animals and habitat to the extent of knowledge about wildlife and managerial capabil-ities, making imperative to better de-fine concrete moves to preserve species (not exert pro forma protection) which depends exclusively on the manage-ment of the area. In contrast, tourism boards identify economic benefit to be more important predictor for wildlife tourism, while the environmental is-sues have a much weaker impact. Last-ly, this research showed an insignificant

response from the local and regional government.

The ambiguities revealed could pose major problems for wildlife tourism management and development. Giv-en the different economic and environ-mental foundations of wildlife tourism, together with emerging understanding of their effects on habitat, analyzing the effects of both stakeholders simultane-ously is essential to provide a more com-prehensive understanding of the under-lying relationships among wildlife and tourism.

Key words: Tourism management, Wildlife tourism, Stakeholders

Renewable Energy Sources in the Function of Sustainable Business in Tourism and Hospitality Industry

Ljerka Cerović1, Danijel Drpić2, Vedran Milojica3

1 Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Rijeka, I. Filipovića 4, 51000 Rijeka, Republic of Croatia, [email protected]

2 Privredna Banka Zagreb in Rijeka, Đure Šporera 3, 51000 Rijeka, Republic of Croatia3 Rijeka, County of Primorje-Gorski Kotar, Republic of Croatia, [email protected]

Trends on the international tourist market are recording numerous chang-es almost on a daily basis, regarding the development of ecological tourist of-fer. Modern tourists are becoming more and more aware of the necessity of ap-plying the principles of sustainable de-velopment in everyday life, so the same preferences are being expressed during their stay in their chosen tourist desti-nation. The management of ecological-ly oriented tourist destination must pay special attention to the use of renewa-ble energy sources, and in its micro-en-vironment encourage an approach to business according to modern ecologi-

cal standards. A further development of the tourist offer is possible through pre-serving basic resources necessary for its sustainable development – primarily the preserved natural environment and the implementation of ecologically respon-sible hospitality industry. The imple-mentation of renewable energy sources in tourism and hospitality industry aims at ensuring the improvement of business, profiling of an ecologically responsible tourist destination, repositioning of the current tourist offer on the internation-al tourist market and achieving competi-tive advantages and conquest of a specific tourist segment of ecologically-oriented

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consumers. The ecological tourist offer specific market niches in a targeted man-ner, and the revenue from these kinds of niches is becoming more and more sig-nificant. It is expected that products and services produced from renewable ener-gy sources and according to principles of sustainable development will soon have a dominant position in the overall tour-ist demand, by pushing the traditional tourist offer outside of the boundaries of the competitive market. The aim of the

research is to point out the advantages which sustainable development and ap-plication of renewable energy sources has on business development in tourism and hospitality industry, with a goal of improving competitive advantages and positive effect on the environment.

Key words: renewable energy sourc-es, sustainable development, tourism and hospitality industry, ecologically guided consumers, competitive advan-tages 

Summer entertainment programs – factor of the tourist experience

Zdenko Cerović

Faculty of Tourism and Hospitality Management, Pimorska 42, Ika p.p. 07, 51410 Opatija, Croatia

Tourists seek to experience a tour-ist destination with its tangible and in-tangible cultural amenities and facili-ties. Entertainment programs in tourist offer play an important role in stimulat-ing experiences of tourists who choose a tourist destination according to the mo-tives of their travel. In this sense, the pa-per intends to explore and confirm the thesis that the summer festivals not only enhance summer festivals, but also in-crease tourist spending. Authors will in-vestigate the importance of entertain-ment programs in meeting the needs of those tourists whose primary or second-ary motive of choosing a tourist desti-nation refers to fun and entertainment. The research model studies Adriatic

tourist destinations in Croatia. To that end, summer entertainment programs will be defined, with special emphasis on the importance of destination man-agement and its organisations in terms of establishing the bearers of entertain-ment programs’ execution plans in a tourist destination. In addition, the pa-per will examine different forms and types of summer entertainment pro-grams which affect considerably both the quality of the tourist offer and the tourist consumption. It is expected that the re-search findings will contribute to the op-eration of destination management, par-ticularly in the system of tourist boards.

Key words: tourist consumption, summer event, summer festivals

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Sustainable tourism development in Serbian and Romanian part of Banat

Tanja Armenski, Nemanja Davidović

University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Geography, Tourism and Hotel Management, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia, [email protected]

Today, tourism has become the world’s largest industry and nature tourism is its fastest growing trend. However, increased tourism can do harm to sensitive natural areas by caus-ing severe environmental degradation and threatening the integrity of ecosys-tems, if proper planning and manage-ment are absent. In order to satisfy the increasing needs of nature conservation, ecotourism should maintain the integ-rity of ecosystems and the local culture. Ecotourism is a relatively new concept which can benefit both natural reserves and local communities, as it attracts and educates visitors to conserve biodi-versity, and as it brings economic reve-nue to the area.

The overall objective of this paper is to analyse tourism sector with focus on eco-tourism in the national parks in the Serbian-Romanian border area. The border areas include little econom-ic activity and suffer from depopula-tion. However they are rich on natural and exclusive beauty which has been untapped as natural tourism destina-tions. Combining both areas in a com-mon tourism plan and relevant explo-ration routes, supported by promotion activities, will increase the chances for local communities to develop tour-ism activities, increasing their reve-nues and quality of life, preconditions to mitigate depopulation trends in the region.

Re-use of industrial and technical heritage as a tool for regeneration of post-industrial territories

Cristina Merciu1, Cristian Tălângă2, Loreta Cercleux2

1 University of Bucharest, The Interdisciplinary Center for Advanced Reasearches on Territorial Dynamics (CICADIT), Blvd. Regina Elisabeta, nr. 4-12, Bucharest, Romania

2 University of Bucharest, Human Geography Department, Blvd. Nicolae Bălcescu, no. 1, Bucharest, Romania, [email protected]

The purpose of this study is to high-light the diversity typology of the indus-trial and technical heritage in Romania and how re-using can change the fate of an abandoned industrial building, and at the same time, generate economic pro-

ductivity. Reuse has the role of putting a building to best use, economically speak-ing, as well as extending its existence.

Some examples from Romania were selected to highlight the opportunities for reusing the industrial buildings. Sev-

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eral case studies have been selected are suggestions of cultural reuse whose im-plementation lies under the sign of the available financial means and the inter-ventions of political and administrative nature at the level of local administra-tion. Although these are merely sugges-tions, if they could be implemented, they might ensure continuity in the transfor-mation of the industrial enterprises into functional cultural objectives.

The results will consist in the pro-posal of culturally reusing of heritage buildings so as to emphasize their sta-tus as cultural resources and their sym-bolic value.

Romania has an extremely rich and diverse industrial heritage which could indicate a special dimension of the na-tional culture.

The suggestions for the conversion of industrial heritage assets mentioned in the study are meant to indicate the variety forms of re-use, analyzing the suitability of the buildings, depending on their own characteristics (architec-ture, size, interior division in compart-ments, location).

Key words: industrial and technical heritage, conversion, regeneration, Ro-mania

Sports recreational tourism in Novi Sad Danube coastal area

Gordana Jovanović, Jovan Plavša, Milka Bubalo Živković, Tamara Lukić, Bojan Đerčan, Rastislav Stojsavljević, Vuk Garača, Nevena Ćurčić, Svetlana Vukosav, Ivan Stojšić, M. Lalić

Department of Geography, Tourism and Hotel Management, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; [email protected]

Sports recreational tourism is most-ly present in sunbathing recreational form of tourist movements, in both sea coastal area and coastal hydrographic objects of continental geographic area. Sandy beaches with mild slope and sandy composition are the main char-acteristics of Novi Sad Danube coastal area. There is a large number of small-er and bigger sandy beaches on Danube coast. Strand is the most representa-tive among these and is considered to

be the most beautiful Danube beach (open in 1921) in Europe. Strand takes 10 hectares space and is completely equiped with showers, cabins, toilets and numerous tourist objects. There are also Officers' beach, Becar strand beach and numerous Danube islands with extraordinary beaches suitable for sun bathing tourism of regional impor-tance.

Key words: Danube, Novi Sad area, sunbathing- recreational tourism

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Speleothem - the possibilities of cross-border scientific cooperation in the study of changes in the karst of the Carpatho-Balkanides

Mirela Đurović

Department of Geography, Tourism and Hotel Management, Faculty of Science, University of Novi Sad, Serbia; [email protected]

The mountain range of the Car-patho-Balkanides which extends through Romania, Serbia and Bulgar-ia have similar physical and geograph-ical characteristics. The changes that have occurred in this area have similar characteristics, but also some region-al differences. There are a significant number of caves in carbonate complex of this mountain range which formed speleothem in a longer period. Geoe-cological changes that have happened in the past in this area are preserved in speleothem and can be reconstruct-

ed. Besides geoecological changes, us-ing the method of radioactive, spele-othem allows reliable identification when the changes occurred. By estab-lishing standardized research method-ology, determining the representative caves, joint research teams can make a significant contribution in under-standing the global changes that have taken place in this area, especially dur-ing the Quaternary.

Key words: Speleothem, Cave, Karst, Carpatho-Balkanides, Geoecological changes

SESSION 7Papers of young researchers – Ph.D and M.Sc students

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Community Hygiene Problems and Protection Measures in the Area of Ada Huja (Belgrade, Serbia)

Ivan Samardžić1, Katarina Kopčić2

1 Faculty of Geography, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 3/III, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; [email protected]

2 Geographical Institute ‘’Jovan Cvijić’’ of the Serbian Academy of Sciences (SASA), Đure Jakšića 9/III, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; [email protected]

Ada Huja is situated in proximity of the city center of Belgrade, but plan-ning and communal hygiene equipment do not meet the specific needs of Bel-grade. By making artificial levee on the Dunavac channel, once a river island becomes a space that with proper plan-ning and development policy, as well as with concrete projects, Belgrade could use it and could be expanded on the right bank of the Danube River and to multiple improve the current situation. The area of Ada Huja (approximate-ly confined with the ‘’Luka Beograd’’ - Belgrade’s harbour, Višnjička street and the Danube River) is far from possible volume of use (residential, commercial and service facilities, recreation, tour-ism, etc.). With methodology used, the following problems has been identified (hazardous industrial facilities, non-recultivated closed landfill of the city

of Belgrade, unregulated Roma settle-ment, wastewater drains, Mirijevski stream, etc.), as well as numerous com-munal hygiene problems. The main aim of this research paper is to indicate spe-cific communal hygiene problems and possible protection measures, while the results could be used for their imple-mentation and the effective elimination of disadvantages of the aforementioned area, by creating the opportunities for better utilization of Ada Huja. In this way, better living conditions for inhab-itants of the surrounding settlements will be acomplished, as well as condi-tions for the potential development of the city of Belgrade on the right bank of the Danube River.

Key words: communal hygiene, planning and landscaping, protection measures, development, Ada Huja, Dan-ube River, Belgrade

Degradation of soil and water resources by heavy metals in the basin of the Bela River

Milica Živanović, Gorica Petrovac

Over the past century, the mining re-gion of Bor has caused numerous envi-ronmental problems, and left disastrous consequences for the entire environ-

ment: polluted air, rivers and destroyed soil. Insufficient attention and resourc-es devoted to the purification of mine waters, resulted in the pollution of the

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environment, and especially in the de-terioration of the quality of surface wa-ters. Based on soil samples from the Bela River basin, using kriging method of in-terpolation we have represented the quality of soil. Sampling of heavy met-als in the soil was conducted by the In-stitute of Soil intermittently from 1993. until 2007. in a network of squares 3.3 * 3.3 km. We will compare spatial distri-bution of heavy metals (Pb , Zn , Cr, Cu , Hg , Cd , Ni , Cr and As) in soil to the re-sults of the analysis of the quality of the Bela River in 2011. which was conduct-ed by Serbian Environmental Protection Agency. The results obtained show that in the territory of the Bela River basin, which is one of the largest copper smelt-ing complex in Europe, concentration of heavy metals in soil and air are several

times higher than the values prescribed by the EU regulation directives, which seriously jeopardises human health in this part of Europe. Large quantities of mine waters are polluting Borska River, Bela River, Timok and the Danube. In the future, the problem with mine wa-ters will grow due to the opening of new mines and exploitation sites, and it is necessary to create the strategy of man-aging these waters, their treatment and reduction of the loss of copper as a re-source. Solving the environmental prob-lems would reduce the pollution of local watercourses and therefore the pollu-tion of the Danube, which would also fulfill some of the international obliga-tions.

Key words: soil quality, water quality, RTB Bor, contamination

Municipal landfills as a factor in the degradation of soil and water in Vojvodina

Gorica Petrovac

Due to the urbanization, industrial-ization, increasing population, chang-ing lifestyle and habits the amount of waste has increased and drastically changed its content. Inadequate waste management is one of the biggest en-vironmental problems in Serbia. About 60% of communal waste is collected from urban areas, while waste manage-ment isn’t carried out that much in ru-ral areas which causes the waste to be disposed in illegal landfills. Vojvodi-na has 44 municipal landfills, most of which don’t even fulfill minimum tech-nical requirements and 525 illegal land-fills are located near watercourses and

roads. In this paper, we will deal with the assessment of the negative impacts of municipal landfills on soil and wa-ter, using the British model for estimat-ing the composition of leachate based on the amount of rainfall, the type of treatment and biochemical conditions. The questionnaire of the Serbian Envi-ronmental Protection Agency designed for the project of innovation of data-base of the official disposal sites, pro-vided data about the location, distance of different objects from the landfill, forms of protection in the landfill, the landfill connection with streams etc. The leachate contains high concentra-

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tions of ammonia, nitrites, heavy met-als, various organic compounds, among which are often toxic organic com-pounds. With these characteristics, lea-chate represents the primary factor in the degradation of soil and ground wa-ter and surface water, and if such waste waters come in contact with the sur-face it leads to a significant consump-

tion of oxygen. Leachate waste waters which are not treated along with oth-er sources of pollution, threaten the en-tire basin of the Danube, and especially the Danube River whose large power of self-purification will not be sufficient to manage all pollution.

Key words: Danube basin, water quality, soil quality, leachate, waste

Assessment of low flow in Trigradska river basin

Ivo Velichkov

Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, 15 Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd. 1504 Sofia; [email protected]

Study of low flow is greatly hindered because of the lack of agreed defini-tions and methods of analysis. This re-port presents the results of a study of low flow in Trigradka River basin – al-pine karst watershed in West Rhodopes Mountains. The aim of the present study is a statistical analysis of annu-al (5-, 10-, 30- and 90-day minimum discharge), monthly minimum stream flow and base flow (through three meth-ods). The work uses monthly and daily discharges. The results show close vol-ume for 5- and 10-day minimum flows (0,17 and 0,18 m3/s respective). 30- and 90-day minimum flow are 0,20 and 0,28

m3/s and their variation decrease. Time series of minimum flow are with posi-tive kurtosis and skewness. Base flow is lowest through local minimum meth-od and it is 0,84 m3/s for period 1950–2005. It varies between zero and 7,2 m3/s with coefficient of variation 0,96. Base flow index in the entire period is 0,86. Monthly minimum low flow occurs in September and October. The low flow in karst catchments in the Trigrad karst region is critical for water supply and hydroelectric power plant during most part of the year, except the period April–June but the flow is above ecological flow.

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Ecological indicators of the state of the environment in the Iron Gate - The assessment for the tourism purposes

Jelena Obrenić

University of Belgrade, Faculty of Geography, Studentski trg 3/3, 11000 Beograd, Serbia; [email protected]

The environment of the Iron Gate has undergone serious changes since the construction of the regional road and artificial lake. The process was ac-companied by the development of eco-nomical and leisure activities that in-tensified environmental degradation. This paper is representing ecological in-dicators for the evaluation of the quality

of the environment for the further sus-tainable development of leisure activ-ities. At the end, the aim is to indicate crucial conditions for the survival of tourism, as well as the tools of improve-ment and conservation of nature in this officially protected area.

Key words: ecological indicators, protection, tourism, Iron Gate

Changes in forest cover on Stara Planina (Serbia): towards sustainable management of ski resorts in sensitive areas

Ivan Potić, Marko Joksimović, Rajko Golić

University of Belgrade, Faculty of Geography, Studentski trg 3/3, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; [email protected]

Tourism is an indicator and the con-sequence of the development of many countries. Among the priority areas of the tourism strategy are high mountain areas with complex ecosystems. Moun-tain tourism in Serbia, as well as con-tinental country is one of the leading forms of tourism through various pro-jects stimulated by the state. In the last ten years, build up and expand the ski slopes of Stara Planina in eastern Ser-bia, leading to various, mostly negative changes in the environment. This paper analyzes the changes in the forest areas of the site Babin Zub in years 2000 and

2013, using satellite imagery (Landsat 7 and Landsat 8) and remote sensing soft-ware. We used unsupervised multispec-tral analysis resolution 30 m and ob-tained data on forest areas. The aim is to draw attention to the change of for-est cover and degradation of forest are-as. Following to the experiences of the world’s ski resorts, the paper presents the opportunities and examples of res-toration of ski runs, and sustainable for-est management in the studied high-land area.

Key words: forest cover, satellite im-agery, degradation, Stara Planina, ski area

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Protection regime in the National Park Djerdap

Semir Šaćirović

University of Belgrade, Faculty of Geography, Studentski trg 3/3, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; [email protected]

National park Đerdap is located in southeastern part of Europe, in the northeastern part of Serbia, next to the international border with Romania. The total area of the National Park is 63,608 hectares, a buffer zone covers 93 968 hec-tares. The National park is character-ized by a high forest cover (64%) and flora richness. Within the area of the Nation-al park Djerdap is located the largest ar-tificial lake in this part of the Europe. The presence of the numerous archae-ological sites, cultural and historical monuments, indicating favorable condi-tions for life. Because of the wealth held

by and the threats that will be violated, have been introduced 3 level of protec-tion areas in the national park. Environ-ment protection, and its sustainability means preserving the natural resources of the atmosphere, hydrosphere and bio-sphere. Among the most important con-cepts of the protection regime that con-tributes to the sustainable development is the concept of synergy by-products which means that you should take into account the level of consumption of re-newable materials in the mentioned field.

Key words: National Park Djerdap, environmental protection, nature

Danube river as a part of regional spatial plans of Republic of Serbia

Dušan Ristić

University of Belgrade, Faculty of Geography, Studentski trg 3/3, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; [email protected]

Danube River passes through or touches the borders of ten countries and it is the longest river in Europe. Danube stretch through Serbia is 588 kilometer long and it is navigable all the way from Bezdan to Prahovo. Danube is classified as Pan-European “Corridor VII” trans-port route and represents vital link be-tween countries of West, Central and East Europe making their partnership stronger. During recent years interest in Danube River is growing bigger as the river is one of the most important euro-

pean development potentials. Danube is-sue, as a central Europeanwaterway, and its basin, as Europe’s major ecosystem, is becoming a matter of Europe’s inter-nal development. Therefore it demands urgent international actions in order to maintain and improve present state. Re-public Of Serbia plays important role in achieving goals of Danube strategy by improving cross-border, transregion-al and transnational coordination and cooperation, as Danube is one of Serbi-as’s strongest assets in its Eurointegra-

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tion efforts. Because of the complexity of the issue special care should be tak-en when it comes to planning of use of Danube’s potential as Danube is one of the most important resources for sus-tainable development of Serbia. By im-proving regional cooperation with ad-jacent countries in Podunavlje more efforts should be taken in matters of its preservation and protection. Purpose of this work is to show how Danube is pre-sented in Regional Spatial Plans of Re-public Of Serbia, regulated for counties which Danube flows through. To see if

its real potential is recognized, how the use of it is planned and how much care is focused to its preservation, protec-tion and improvement.To determine is the improvement of coherency between adjacent countries provided especially in domains of transport, energy, com-munications, environmental problems, protection from natural disasters and strengthening of potentials for social and economic development.

Key words: Danube River, Regional Spatial Plan, Republic Of Serbia, plan-ning

Implementation of Geographic Information System for Environmental Protection of the county of Branicevo (Serbia)

Nevena Đurić, Dijana Đurić, Milena Đurković, Lola Marković

Department for the Geospatial Base of Environmental Protection, Faculty of Geography, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 3/3, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; [email protected]

Geographic information system is an information technology designed to combine ether natural geograph-ic locations (forests, mountains, rivers) or man-made structures (roads, bridg-es, industries) with other geographical data. This combination is built in or-der to provide visual maps and reports about the nature that surrounds us. In-formation technologies represent an effective tool for the management of protected areas, monitoring of environ-mental quality, as well as for the envi-ronmental protection.

In order to protect the nature, this paper is based on the implementation

of the GIS tools in the mentioned field study in the county of Branicevo, Ser-bia, giving a special reference to the pro-tection of costal area of the Danube river. Using the GIS applications, there are var-ious graphic views obtained in the field of environmental protection, such as a re-view of degraded areas, vegetation and spatial use, also including several meas-ures of protection. These results could be used as a strong basis for the further re-search, monitoring and improvement of the environment of the mentioned area.

Key words: GIS, graphic views, envi-ronment, protection measures, county of Branicevo, the Danube river

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Geological evaluation of speleological features of the Risovaca cave in order to develop tourism and protect its environment

Ana Radovanović, Marko Stojiljković

e-mail: [email protected]

Risovacha cave is a natural site rich with the cultural heritage of prehistor-ically primitive man, and represents a unique natural rarity. It is protected as a reservation of nature and a natural re-source of great importance with high cat-egory. Today, the cave represents a mu-seum of Paleolithic heritage. As such, it deserves attention and special treatment in the research and evaluation aspect.This paper summarizes the basic charac-teristics of Risovacha cave together with the results of geological evaluation in-dex method and recreational potential. Analysis has been conducted based on the model of the geological evaluation of

caving phenomenon Zumberachka Gora made by the Buzjak, N. The criteria on which the evaluation has been conduct-ed are: physical characteristics, aesthet-ics, scientific and educational values, tol-erable capacity and availability. Based on the total number of points gained, the category to which an object belongs, has been determined. The research results can be used in tourist valorization of the cave, protect the environment, and in the area of the future development manage-ment.

Key words: Geological Valuation, In-dex of the Recreational Potential, Pru-dential Category, valorization

Environment and sustainable development

Anđelina Marić, Ana Mihajlović, Žarko Veselinović

Faculty of Science, Department of Geography, University of Niš, Visegradska 33, 18000 Nis, Serbia; [email protected]

The paper starts by reference to the importance of the corridor VII for tour-ism development in the field of spatial planning and sectoral planning for tour-ism development. Based on the identi-fied tourism resources Ii attractiveness of the Danube and its coastal belt, it can be concluded that it is an area of great tourist importance and value not only for Serbia, but for the whole of Europe. If we accept the fact that the potential at-

tractiveness of tourism resources and fa-cilities for tourists is still not achieved, it is clear that the prioritization of activa-tion and implementation of sustainable development of tourism on the Danube through Serbia necessary step . Indeed, the paper points to the importance and possibilities of development of nautical tourism Danube sector in our country in order to achieve long-term advantage over competitors. The influence of local

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communities in tourism development of the area , width and depth of product range , attractive factors and the role of marketing in tourism development af-fect the overall picture of the past devel-opment . The paper suggests that priori-ty should be to have the improvement of presentation and interpretation of the development of tourism resources for visitors to experience and the realiza-tion of its potential level of their attrac-

tiveness, accessibility and development activities on the Danube. Therefore, the priority of promoting sustainable devel-opment of the tourist area of the Dan-ube through Serbia.

Key words: Corridor VII, the attrac-tiveness of tourist resources, differenti-ation of areas for tourism development, Criteria for determining priorities for the development of tourism, institu-tional and organizational arrangements

Change of total number of population and agricultural population in Danube municipalities of Južni Banat, Podunavlje, Braničevo and Bor administrative districts

Milan Radović, Branko Protić

University of Belgrade, Faculty of Geography, Studentski trg 3/III, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; [email protected], [email protected]

In this paper are analyzed the chang-es in the number of total and agricul-tural population in the Danube munic-ipalities of Južni Banat (Pančevo, Kovin, Bela Crkva); Podunavlje (Smederevo); Braničevo (Požarevac, Veliko Gradište, Golubac) and Bor (Majdanpek, Kladovo, Negotin) administrative districts. Using statistic data from the census from 1971 to 2011 noted changes in the number of total and agricultural population which

are presented with graphical and carto-graphic methods. During the observed period, in the territory of the reasearch, changes are identified as well as various causes, which are specific for each of the analyzed municipalities (physical-geographical conditions, depopulation, deagrarisation, industrialization, etc.).

Key words: Danube municipalities, changes, population, agricultural pop-ulation

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Influence of the construction of hydroelectric plant „Djerdap I“ on the socialgeographic changes in the settlements of the municpality Majdanpek

Vojislav Deđanski, Vedran Živanović, Aleksandar Kovjanić

University of Belgrade, Faculty of Geography, Studentski trg 3/3, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; [email protected]

The construction of hydroelectric plant „Djerdap I“ is one of the greatest construction project in the 20th centu-ry in SFR Yugoslavia. It changed lives of many people who are living in that area. Although the hydroelectric plant is placed in the municipality of Klado-vo, it’s construction most affected set-

tlements in municipality Majdanpek. The most important change is increase of employment, changing location of some settlements and flooding of agri-cultural land. The aim of this work is to describe these changes and to esti-mate them, are they positive for popu-lation or not.

Development of the City of Belgrade in terms of globalization from year 2000

Teodora Nikolić

e-mail: [email protected]

Paper analyzes the impact of the globalization process, i.e. internation-al economic and cultural flows, on con-temporary development of the City of Belgrade. Beside that, it analyzes wheth-er Belgrade can be categorized as “global city” and what is its position in the glob-al urban system. Consideration was giv-en to various aspects of the contempo-

rary development of the City, starting with the economic, over demograph-ic and social, to territorial development. In conclusion are discussed the possibil-ities of future development of the City based on the current direction of devel-opment and structural transformation.

Key words: Belgrade, globalization, contemporary development

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Spatial and functional relations and links in the network of settlements in the Danube area in the Republic of Serbia

Aleksandra Gajić

University of Belgrade, Faculty of Geography, Studentski trg 3/3, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; Institute of Architecture and Urban and Spatial planning of Serbia, Bul. Kralja Aleksandra 73/II, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; [email protected]

Current spatial and functional structure of settlements in the Danube area was formed as a result of complex natural, historical, and social factors. On the significance of the Danube Riv-er and its position in Serbia clearly in-dicate the presence of the biggest cities and centers with great potentials, which are located along the Danube axis. The paper refers to the spatial and function-al organization of settlement network in the Danube area. In this paper are analyzed relevant demographic, spatial and functional indicators in relation to the principles for planning treatement

of the Danube area, which are given by the Spatial plan for the special purpose area of the international waterway cor-ridor E-80 Danube (Paneuropean corri-dor VII). The results of the research may contribute better understanding of the spatial and functional links and rela-tions in the settlement network in the Danube area. In this context, are pro-posed some recommendations that can be significant for the further spatial de-velopment of the Danube area in Serbia.

Key words: Danube area, spatial-functional links and relations, regional development

Challenges and opportunities for sustainable tourism development in the area of special nature reserve Deliblato sands (Vojvodina, Serbia)

Irena Manojlović

Department of Turismology, Faculty of Geography, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 3/III, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; [email protected]

Tourism is one of the most dynam-ic industries in the global economy. Due to accelerated tempo of contemporary life and environment pollution in ur-ban agglomerations, a growing number of people seek to spend their time in na-ture, in contact with an authentic life-style based on traditional values. In to-

day’s saturated markets customers look for experience rather than destination driven products. Hence, in the future it will be important to create a rewarding tourism experience through innovation and product development instead of of-fering singular tourism elements. New holiday forms offering experience will

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become the main motive for the holiday decision.

Regardless of forms in which it devel-ops, tourism must meet sustainability cri-teria. Tourism development can have both positive and negative impacts on destina-tions. Sustainable tourism development attempts to find a balance between these impacts to create an improved quality of life for the host community and the des-tination. The World Commission on Eco-nomic Development (WCED) describes sustainable development as “develop-ment that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of fu-ture generations to meet their own needs”. Sustainable tourism is clearly a complex

and diverse issue, which as the world de-velops, will become an increasingly signif-icant part of a growing tourism industry. The challenge of sustainable tourism de-velopment is to make use of tourism’s pos-itive impacts, enhancing and channeling the benefits into the right directions, and to avoid or mitigate the negative impacts as far as possible.

This paper analyzes natural and an-thropogenic tourism resources in the special nature reserve Deliblato sands, which need to be strengthened to make real opportunities for sustainable tour-ism development in the study region.

Key words: sustainable tourism, Deliblato sands, tourism resources

Sustainable Tourism Development within the Lower Basin of the Danube

Jasna Stojanović

University of Belgrade, Faculty of Geography, Department of Tourism; [email protected]

Lower Basin of the Danube represents main resource base for tourism develop-ment. That development can contribute to both realization of the additional eco-nomic effects and local community pro-gress. Tourism development has to be in accordance with environment capacity and it has to be based on sustainable de-velopment principles. In order to achieve the desired results, tourism development has to be organized and based on institu-tional cooperation on national and inter-national level. Globalization and macro regionalization enable international col-laboration and common goals achieve-ment. Those goals contribute to eco-nomic development of the whole region.

Main goal of this paper is present-ing current level of tourism develop-ment with overview of the sustaina-ble tourism development straights and weakness and also its further upgrade possibilities. Focus will be on existing national and international tourism de-velopment strategic and results of the activities so far. Also, analysis of the dif-ficulties and challenges which tourism developers faces during implementation will be executed. In the end, promotion ways of sustainable development for current and future generations will be defined.

Key words: sustainable, tourism, co-operation, strategy

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Consumer Protection in Tourism in Serbia: Case Study TUI Tour Operator

Marija Šuleić

Departman of Geography, Tourism and Hotel Management, Faculty of Science, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; [email protected]

Tourism represents a widespread phenomenon with over a billion of in-come of foreign tourist arrivals regis-tered per year. A question is being posed how certain dissatisfaction of tourists during travel could be solved, on the example of Serbia and TUI tour opera-tors, as a European tour operator for the number of travellers. By consumer pro-tection laws, tourists are protected to a large extent, because the European Un-ion has initiated the unification of laws, regulation and provisions. Travel guide-lines have been set out where very high tourist protection standards are estab-lished. State Court of Germany has cre-ated a table containing the list of pos-sible disadvantages which could happen

during travel, known as the Frankfurt list, which precisely states even percent-age-based compensation for each indi-vidual case.

The applicability of the TUI system for resolving complaints and the possi-bilities for setting the same standards in Serbia will be considered in this paper, as well as the possibilities of reducing the number of complaints due to precise and exact information which the agency is obliged to give to its clients. The anal-ysis of justifiability of complaints is also included for the reason that tourists of-ten file unfounded complaints in order to get financial benefit for themselves.

Key words: TUI, consumer protec-tion, tourism, Serbia, Frankfurt list

Degraded Areas as a Limiting Factor for the Development of Tourism for Example the Mining Basin Kostolac

Marija Živković, Marija Perić

Faculty of Geography, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg III, 11 000 Beograd, Serbia; [email protected], [email protected]

The energy policy of a country is a major leader in the economic develop-ment and as such operates at the nation-al level, as well as the public interest that has priority over all other interests. The aim of the work is reflected in the anal-ysis of existing conflicts caused by the spatial development of the Kostolac coal

basin. In addition to the environmen-tal dimension that is reflected in the de-graded land, pollution air, groundwater and surface water, the limiting factor is the development of surface mining close to the Danube and rich heritage. Ar-chaeological sites Viminacijum as part of a European cultural identity, extends

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in the direction of advancement of sur-face Drmno, and are objects of this „Ro-man city“ in jeopardy. The task of plan-ning and agreed to conflicting goals and interests provide a platform for further economic and sustainable development,

and to respond to increasing pressures caused by the energy transition by es-tablishing a better relationship between energy consumption and land use.

Key words: Kostolac coal basin, Viminacijum, spatial conflict, tourism

Touristic sites along the lower basin of the Danube River as the initiators of sustainable touristic development

Nikola Cvetković1, Slađana Stojanović2

1 Faculty of Geography, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 3/III, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; [email protected]

2 Department of Geography, Tourism and Hotel Management, Faculty of Science, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; [email protected]

There are numerous sites in the area of the lower basin of the Danube Riv-er with significant touristic potential, from prehistoric archaeological sites, over the antique and medieval buildings and fortresses, to the modern cities with full content. Those touristic attractions are reachable by Danube’s piers in Ser-bia, Romania and Bulgaria. Some of the locations are well equipped with infra-structure, while for the others, bigger investments are needed to put them in order. However, those locations which are well equipped are not used in the ex-tent that existing infrastructure allows.

In this work we will point out the ex-istence of the sites, which with their cul-

tural and historical heritage make the at-tractiveness of this area, and the insight is given to the possibility of their usage through the infrastructural and pro-gramming adaptations for the tourists, who will visit those destinations by ships.

Increasing touristic potential, with review on the constant growth of the companies and ships that are passing through the lower basin of the Danube, indicates the possibility of economic de-velopment through cross-border coop-eration and sustainable touristic plan-ning.

Key words: Touristic potential, sights, infrastructure, sustainable tour-istic planning, Danube

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Examining the Attitudes of Local Residents on Ecotourism Impact in the future protected Hungarian-Serbian Cross-border Area “Kireš”

Tamara Višnić, Dejan Berić, Milana Pantelić

Department of Geography, Tourism and Hotel Management, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; [email protected]

Considering local residents’ views by the tourism industry is one of the key elements of the sustainable tour-ism development. Support of the lo-cals is crucial, as they represent an essential factor in the creation of tour-ism offer and enriching tourists’ expe-riences. With the ministerial protocol was planned that four protected are-as from the Republic of Serbia (‘’Ludaš lake’’ Special Nature Reserve, ‘’Seleven-jske pustare’’ Special Nature Reserve, Landscape of Outstanding Features ‘’Subotička sandland’’ and ‘’Palić’’ Na-ture Park), and ‘’Kiskunsági’’ National Park from the Republic of Hungary be-came part of the “Körosér” cross border protected area. The sustainable devel-opment of ecotourism and ethnotour-ism as a part of the presentation and potentials of the micro region prosper-ity is inspired by this project. For the purpose of this paper, data was collect-

ed through a questionnaire survey on the sample of 160 people who live in the municipalities where protected ar-eas are located (Kelebija, Horgoš, Bački Vinogradi, Hajdukovo, Palić in Ser-bia and Kelebia, Ásotthalom, Móraha-lom i Öttömös in Hungary). The aim of this research is to examine views of local population about their willing-ness to be involved in the development of sustainable forms of tourism in this area, as well as views on the necessary changes that need to be done in order to improve the quality of life and pre-vent further degradation of the envi-ronment. The results show differences among the surveyed population in Ser-bia and Hungary, as a reflection of the current level of the development of ec-otourism in these two countries.

Key words: Ecotourism, Kireš, Sub-otica, Hungary, Cross-border Co-opera-tion programme

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A review on use of Danube waterway: Potentials for Sustainable Development and Promotion of Serbia

Jelena Milanković, Dragoslav Pavić, Jasmina Đorđević, Aleksandra Dragin, Smiljana Đukičin, Minučer Mesaroš

University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Geography, Tourism and Hotel Management, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia; [email protected]

The Danube river waterway, i.e. Pan European Corridor VII, has been defined as one of the most significant transport corridors in Europe. It runs through ten countries, among which through the Re-public of Serbia in the length of 588 km. Owing to its favourable navigability, the Danube River offers excellent prerequi-sites for the development of freight, pas-senger and tourist inland water trans-port in the Republic of Serbia. However, the navigability potentials of the Dan-ube River are untapped in Serbia. This is supported by the fact that despite the high quality of waterways, inland water transport makes only 4.7 % of the total transport in Serbia. The major portion of water transport occurs on the Dan-ube River, 97% of the total tonne-kilo-metres on 1,500 km of inland waterways in Serbia.

The Republic of Serbia has a huge in-terest to stimulate inland water trans-port, as an effective, energy efficient and sustainable competitive alternative to

complement the railway and road trans-port. Indisputably, such policy is justi-fied with regard to the fact that ener-gy consumption per tonne-kilometres freight in water transport is six times lower than in railway transport. More-over, development of water transport would decrease negative economic and ecological impacts of other transporta-tion forms, lower the investments and offer opportunities for new job posts, which would consequently reduce the unemployment in the country. The ad-vances of water transport in Serbia have been neglected, which was largely in-fluenced by rapid development of road transport.

This paper analyses main navigability features of the Danube waterway in the Republic of Serbia and issues of its un-der-exploitation. Particular emphasis is on potential significance and advantages of Corridor VII and possibilities of its uti-lisation for freight and passenger trans-port and nautical tourism.

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Promoting archaeological and geological heritage along the Danube through a cross-border thematic cruise route

Nemanja Tomić, Sanja Božić

University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Geography, Tourism and Hotel Management, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia

The Danube River has been provid-ing life and development of human settle-ments along the whole of its course since prehistoric times. Throughout history, it has been a place where different cultures and civilizations have flourished over a long period of time. Moreover, from a ge-ological point of view, this river is con-sidered to be a significant factor influ-encing the formation of the entire region through which it passed, in nearly eve-ry geological period. The valuable arche-ological and geological heritage of many countries along the Danube triggered the idea of forming an archeological and geo-logical route which would connect a wide array of attractive sites into a unique and complex tourism product.

The proposed cruise route begins in Vienna (Austria) and ends at the Djer-dap Gorge in Serbia, a country where the Danubian plains have been continu-osly inhabited for nearly a million years. Numerous geological and palaeonto-logical remains of mammoths and oth-er animals represent faithfull witnesses of the long and vivid histroy of this area. In addition, this area also possesses rich archaeological heritage from prehistor-ic times as well as remains from the Ro-man period and the middle ages which

spark a lot of interest among all aficio-nados of geology, palaeontology, archae-ology and culture in general. These di-verse and idyosincratic heritage sites make this area one of the best potential archaeological and geological tourism destinations in Europe.

The main focus of the first part of the route is on education and it should provide tourists with interesting infor-mation about geology and history of this area of Europe. It should also train and familiarize visitors with the equip-ment they will be using later on when participating in archaeological and ge-ological excavations during the second part of their trip.

The aim of this paper is to propose a unique cruise route connecting and pro-moting rich archaeological and geologi-cal heritage along the Danube. This is certainly a good opportunity for creat-ing a new cross-border tourism product which would offer authentic experience by combining education and practice but also representing an important pro-motional tool for attracting more tour-ists to all participating countries.

Key words: archaeological herit-age, geological heritage, Danube, cruise, route, cross-border cooperation

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NATECH Hazards with Crossborder Potential Effect Associated to Mining Activities in Maramureș County, Romania

Eugen Nour1, Irina Smical2, Adriana Muntean3

1 Environmental Sciences Department, Babeş-Bolyai University of Cluj-Napoca, 30 Fântânele Sreet, Cluj-Napoca City, Cluj County, România; [email protected]

2 Faculty of Mineral Resources and Environment, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, North University Centre of Baia Mare, 62A Victor Babeş Street, Baia Mare City, Maramureş County, România; [email protected]

3 Maramureș Water Management System, Someș-Tisa Basinal Water Administration, 2 Aleea Hortensiei, Baia Mare City, Maramureș County, Romania; [email protected]

The paper reveals the climate weath-er conditions on technological acci-dents, in 2000-2010 period, with po-tential crossborder impact associated to mining tailing ponds in Maramureș County.

The Maramureș County is well-known as a strongly influenced area by mining exploitation of non-ferrous ores.

As a result of the investigations made on the seventeen tailing ponds in the coun-ty, the Aurul, Novăț, Colbu 1 and Colbu 2 tailing ponds represent potential risk sources for the water quality of the Tisa River in the crossborder area with Hun-gary and Ukraine.

Key words: risk, hazard, natech, tail-ing pond, mining

Impacts of drought on the productivity of agricultural crops within the Oltenia Plain, Romania

Irina Ontel1, Alina Vladut2

1 University of Bucharest, Faculty of Geography, Romania; [email protected], 2 University of Craiova, Romania

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of moisture condi-tions on the productivity of agricultural crops within the Oltenia Plain, Roma-nia at various time scales. The agro-databases contain the productions of winter wheat, rye, maize and sunflow-er reported by the National Institute of Statistics and Agricultural Department for the period 1970-2012. The meteoro-

logical elements used were represented by the rainfall amount and air-temper-ature recorded at the six meteorological stations: Drobeta-Turnu Severin, Cala-fat, Băilești, Bechet, Craiova and Cara-cal. The high air-temperatures great-ly increase the evapotranspiration rates, which combined with a large moisture deficit in the soil, can cause the most severe pedological drought. Accord-

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ing to Standard Precipitation Anomaly and De Martonne Index, the dry years, with low rainfall amounts, were 1983-1985, 1988, 1993, 2000, 2002, 2007 and 2012, with different degrees of water def-icit, and the years with the lowest pro-ductions were recorded in last half of the analysed period: 1993, 1996, 2000, 2002, 2007 and 2012. The impact of the drought variability on yield of agricul-tural crops was evaluated by means of parametric correlations using the Pear-

son coefficient, which was statistically significant in the last half of the refer-ence period, while the correlation in the first half of the period it was not statisti-cally significant. This result is explained by the political system and the gradu-al degradation of the irrigation system, which determined addiction on climatic conditions after ‘89 years.

Key words: drought, SPA, De Mar-tonne Index, agricultural crops, Olte-nia Plain

Influence of the Weather and Climatic Conditions on Some Hydrological and Chemical Characteristics of the Someș River, in the N-W of Romania

Adriana Muntean1, Irina Smical2, Eugen Nour3

1 Maramureș Water Management System, Someș-Tisa Basinal Water Administration, 2 Aleea Hortensiei, Baia Mare City, Maramureș County, Romania; [email protected]

2 Faculty of Mineral Resources and Environment, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, North University Centre of Baia Mare, 62A Victor Babeş Street, Baia Mare City, Maramureş County, România; [email protected]

3 Environmental Sciences Department, Babeş-Bolyai University of Cluj-Napoca, 30 Fântânele Sreet, Cluj-Napoca City, Cluj County, România; [email protected]

This study highlights the influence of the quantity on the rainfall and air temperature recorded at the hydro-graphic station Ulmeni (in the Mara-mures County, in the N-W part of Ro-mania), on the Someș River flow rate and some general physico-chemical pa-rameters (pH, total disolved solids and suspended matter).

Someș River is a left tributary of the Tisa River on the Hungarian territory, and is part of the Someș-Crasna hydro-graphic catchment, summing 5528 km network length coded, who drains an area of 15740 km2.

Interpretation of the collected data and statistical processing has demon-strated that the fluctuations of the flow rate of the river are closely dependent on the seasons from the considered period (2008-2012) and correlations between hydrological and chemical parameters. Because a large part of the Someș Riv-er crosses the human settlements and important agricultural areas, the study may be useful in the prediction of flood-ing and drought risks.

Key words: Someș River, flow, hydro-graphic catchment, physico-chemical parameters, risk

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Condition of Special Nature Reserve Uvac and possibilities for development of ecotourism

Anđela Bučić, Marija Cimbaljević

Faculty of Science, Department of Geography, Tourism and Hospitality, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; [email protected]

Special nature reserve “Uvac” is a protected natural resource of great sig-nificance, natural resource of the First category. Around the reserve it is es-tablished a protection zone covering the area of the Uvac river basin. Spe-cial nature reserve “Uvac” is located on the territory of Nova Varoš municipal-ity and on the territory of Sjenica mu-nicipality, occupying 7543 acres overall. Tourism in protected areas is a form of sustainable development of these are-as which implies minimal negative im-pacts on the environment, on the one hand, and the development of tourism activities in accordance with the law of protected areas, on the other hand. Spe-cial nature reserve “Uvac” is protected in order to preserve and multiply Grif-

fon Vulture (Gyps fulvus) – a rare vul-ture species, which has the largest col-ony in Serbia and the Balkans. Also, it is protected in order to preserve habitats, increase the abundance of other impor-tant birds’ species, hunting wildlife, as well as to maintain and ameliorate the natural factors of the environment, es-pecially water and land quality, as well as the beauty and diversity of this re-gion. The aim of this work is to present the current situation of the special na-ture reserve and also to represent how it can be improved its protection and how to improve opportunities for the devel-opment of ecotourism.

Key words: Uvac, sustainable devel-opment, protected natural area, Griffon Vulture

Vlasina Lake as a potential ecotourism destination – the current state and future development proposals

Bojana Spasojević, Sanja Božić, Dunja Devrnja

Department for Geography, Tourism and Hotel Management, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; [email protected]

Vlasina Lake is located in the south-eastern part of Serbia. Its favorable ge-ographical location and the fact that this area is famous by its rich natural re-sources such as mountains, gorges, wa-terfalls, springs, rivers, diverse flora and fauna and the fresh mountain air, cre-

ated the possibility for this, still un-discovered natural phenomenon, to be among the most visited ecotourism des-tinations of our country in the future. It is important to note that Vlasina Lake is included in the list of international-ly important wetlands according to the

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Ramsar Convention in 2007, while it also has the status of IBA and IPA ter-ritory. This indicates that the great nat-ural value of this area is not only rec-ognized on a national, but also on an international level.

The significant step in the ecotour-ism development of this area was the development program initiated by the United Nation Development Program and the Coca-Cola Company in 2011, with the main aim of development and promotion of Vlasina Lake as an eco-tourism destination. Although the exist-ing resources and activities represent a good basis for ecotourism development, the introduction of some new contents, activities and accommodation facilities innovation are necessary.

In order to create a clear vision for the future development of ecotourism in Vlasina Lake, it is necessary to ex-amine the current state and potential

of natural and cultural resources of the destination, current tourist activities, available accommodation facilities, and the current offer of active tourism and eco-tourism. The main goal of this pa-per is to emphasize the great potential for development of Vlasina as an eco-tourism destination, moreover to in-dicate the major fields of improvement with concrete proposals for develop-ment of this form of tourism in future. This paper proposes the basic steps for the future eco-tourism development of this area, including the establishment of a visitor center, creation of an eco-route with educational boards, prohibition of illegal construction, establishment of an eco-camp (hiring local people, pro-duction of organic food) furthermore a proposal of new activities of active and eco-tourism.

Key words: Vlasina Lake, ecotour-ism, active tourism, Serbia

Strategic planning of sustainable development as an alternative to the development of rural tourism in Serbia

Marija Cimbaljević1, Anđela Bučić1, Marina Jovanović2

1 Department of Geography, Tourism and Hotel Management, Faculty of Science, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; [email protected]

2 Department of Economics, Management and Industrial Engineering, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal

The natural environment represents one of the leading resources in Serbia, therefore it is necessary to protect it and promote with the observance of the prin-ciple of sustainability as the optimal ap-proach. Rural Tourism in Serbia has a perspective particularly because of the diversity of climatic zones, mountain-ous landscapes, national parks, lakes, riv-

ers, forests, etc. A sustainable position in tourism market, rural tourism of Serbia will have depending on the coordination between responsible spatial planning and development of tourism. Support of legal regulations in strategic planning for sustainable rural tourism development is achieved through spatial and master plans for tourist destinations. The paper

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reviews how the principles of sustainable development are particularly important for the development of rural tourism and examines the applicability of these prin-ciples in practice - by the writing and im-

plementing of the regional strategy for sustainable tourism.

Key words: Rural tourism, sustain-able development, strategic planning of sustainable tourism, resources

Geomorphic rarities of the Beljanica mountain

Đurđa Miljković, Tin Lukić, Ljupče Miljković, Slobodan B. Marković, Mlađen Jovanović, Branko Ristanović

Department of Geography, Tourism and Hotel Management, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; [email protected]

Beljanica is a typical limestone moun-tain, located in the central part of Eastern Serbia. It is consisted of a large number of well-developed surface and underground karst relief forms such as: compound sinkholes/dolines of Busovata, Rečke and Žagubičke Rečke (very accessible, color-ful oasis surrounded by dry karst surface), numerous caves in the gorge of Velika Tis-nica (on the northern side of the Beljani-

ca mountain) and attractive canyons and gorges built by the Mlava, Velika Tisni-ca, Mala Tisnica, river Do and Crna Reka. Also, natural bridges and tunnels in this karst area stands as a true natural phe-nomenon, increasing its geomorphologi-cal attractiveness not only in Eastern Ser-bia, but also much broader.

Key words: karst, geomorphic diver-sity, Beljanica, Serbia

Analysis of water quality of Danube River in Serbia using Serbian Water Quality Index (SWQI)

Igor Leščešen1, Milana Pantelić2, Tanja Micić1, Dragan Dolinaj2

1 Society of Young Researchers of Department for Geography, Tourism and Hotel Management, “BranislavBukurov” Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.

2 Climatology and Hydrology Research Centre, Faculty of Science, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia

A Water Quality Index (WQI) is a numeric expression used to evaluate the quality of water bodies and make it easier understood by managers. This paper aims to assess water quality of Danube River through Serbia for th-

eperiod 2004 – 2012. For this purpose authors applied: Serbian Water Quality Index (SWQI) assessment. WQI value is dimensionless, single number rang-ing from 0 to 100 (best quality) derived from numerous physical, chemical, bi-

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ological and microbiological parame-ters. SWQI for Danube was mainly rat-ed as good and very good. This study shows a clear decrease in water quality during warmer periods of the year. Ad-ditionally, the study shows that water quality along Danube decreases slight-ly downstream till Đerdap Lake. The lake has increasing influence on the downriver water quality of Danube.

Also, the study shows the influence that Sava River and probably Tisa Riv-er have on water quality of Danube Riv-er, downstream of the its confluences. The methodology includes parameters for assessment of organic loading, but does not involve parameters of heavy metals concentration.

Key words: Danube, River, Serbia, water quality

Wind energy potential and its implementation concept for the electricity market in the Vojvodina Region (Northern Serbia)

Tanja Micić1, 2, Tin Lukić2, Jasmina Đorđević2, Biljana Basarin2, Dajana Bjelajac1, 2, Ivana Hrnjak2, Slobodan B. Marković2, Dušan Sakulski3,4, Bojan Đerčan2, Milka Bubalo-Živković2, Dragoslav Pavić2, Lazar Lazić2

1 Society of Young Researchers of Department for Geography, Tourism and Hotel Management, “Branislav Bukurov” Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; [email protected]

2 University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Science, Department of Geography, Tourism and Hotel Management, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21 000 Novi Sad, Serbia

3 Department of Environmental Engineering and Occupational Safety and Health, Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 6, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia

4 Disaster Management Training and Education Centre (DiMTEC), University of the Free State, 205 Nelson Mandela Drive, Park West, Bloemfontein, South Africa

Renewable energy sources (RES) play an important role in the future not only for the European countries, but for many countries worldwide. Most cost-effective and reliable large wind ener-gy conversion systems are becoming the main focus of wind energy research and technology development, all in order to make wind energy competitive with other more traditional sources of elec-trical energy like coal, gas and nucle-ar generation. Republic of Serbia, along with neighbouring countries, has a high

potential for developing energy produc-tion from renewable energy sources. Wind energy in Serbia, despite its great potential, is only partly studied and in-sufficiently used. The presented study aims to provide summary of wind ener-gy potentials in the region of Vojvodina, which is an important economic region in northern Serbia. Its existing electri-cal energy status is thoroughly inves-tigated according to the recent devel-opments and prospects of wind energy production on global, regional and local

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scale. The main purpose of this study is the implementation of energy efficiency concept with the purpose of satisfying the needs of Serbian electricity market.

Key words: renewable energy sourc-es, wind energy, electricity market, Vo-jvodina, Serbia

Measuring the Quality of the Lakeside Tourist Destinations: The Study of Lake Palić and Lake Srebrno (Serbia)

Jelica J. Marković, Dragoslav J. Pavić, Minucsér M. Mészáros, Marko D. Petrović, Mićo Srdanović

Department for Geography, Tourism and Hotel Management, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21 000 Novi Sad, Serbia; [email protected]

Quality of a tourist destination and destination product are the subjects of numerous studies whose authors want-ed to identify the destination character-istics which take part in the creation of the visitors’ perceptions of quality. The purpose of this study is to determine the dimensions of the lakeside tourist destination quality through the cases of Lake Palić and Lake Srebrno in Serbia by interviewing daily visitors and tour-ists and to determine which dimensions of quality have a crucial impact on the overall satisfaction of daily visitors and tourists.

Various models have been developed to measure quality. In this paper, the quality is measured by the model that is appropriate for lakeside tourist desti-nations. It was developed by Ryan, Hu-imin and Chon in the year 2010. Five dimensions of quality were identified and named: additional tourist infra-

structure, lake water quality, natural environment, hospitality and purity of the place. The results showed that the measured quality model largely predicts overall satisfaction of daily visitors and tourists on the destination. The dimen-sion lake water quality has the most af-fects on the overall satisfaction.

Further research should also take some other quality dimensions into consideration (e.g. quality of service, sit-uational conditions, destination man-agement) in examining the effect of des-tination quality on satisfaction of daily visitors and tourists. The research is im-portant to managers of lakeside tour-ist destinations who tend to have highly satisfied gests and who work on promo-tion and improvement of destination quality.

Key words: tourist destination qual-ity, tourist satisfaction, Lake Palić, Lake Srebrno, Serbia