the tide of war turns
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The Tide of War Turns. I. Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville. A. Fredericksburg. Hooker. McClellan. Frustrated by McClellan’s Lincoln replaced him with Ambrose Burnside Burnside went after Richmond through Fredericksburg Was slowed down waiting for supplies to cross the Rappahannock - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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The Tide of War Turns
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I. Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville
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A. Fredericksburg
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1. Frustrated by McClellan’s Lincoln replaced him with Ambrose Burnside
2. Burnside went after Richmond through Fredericksburg
3. Was slowed down waiting for supplies to cross the Rappahannock
4. Burnside order a retreat after suffering heavy casualtiesUSA – 12,600 CSA 5,300
5. Burnside stepped down and was replaced by Joseph Hooker
Burnside
HookerMcClellan
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B. Chancellorsville
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1. April 1863 Hooker’s men attacked Fredericksburg
2. He sent the majority off to approach the Confederate’s flank and took a defensive position in Chancellorsville
3. Lee used most of his men to attack and cut the Union in two – they were forced to retreat
4. Stonewall Jackson, Lee’s most trusted General was accidently killed by his own men
Jackson
Lee
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II. Battle of Gettysburg
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A. First Day
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1. Lee was hoping for a victory in the North as he made his way towards Pennsylvania
2. A confederate raiding party went to Gettysburg for boots and other supplies – they ran into Union forces and exchanged fire
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3. The Union regrouped and took a defensive position
4. Lee’s second in command Longstreet suggested that they move east and take defensive positions as well – Lee said no, he thought his troops were invincible
Lee and Longstreet
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B. Second Day
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1.Lee attempted to capture an area called Little Round Top
2.The Union position was saved by Colonel Chamberlain
Joshua Chamberlain
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C. Pickett’s Charge
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1. Day Three Lee against Longstreet’s recommendation attack the center of the Union line at Cemetery Ridge
2. Confederates attempted to weaken the Union with artillery, their barrage did little damage
3. In the late afternoon Pickett led the failed Confederate charge
4. With the arrival of Union reinforcements, Lee retreated
5. Meade did not pursue
Pickett
Meade
Pickett’s Charge
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D. Aftermath of Gettysburg
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1. Gettysburg was the turning point of the war, along with the victory at Vicksburg
2. Northerners now believed the North could win
3. After Gettysburg Britain and France refused to help the Confederates – Cotton Diplomacy had failed
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E. The Gettysburg Address
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1.Was given on November 19, 1863
2.Honored the men that died at Gettysburg
3.Reminded people of the reasons why the war was being fought
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III. Union Campaigns Cripple the Confederacy
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A. Wilderness Campaign in the East1. Series of battles
designed to capture Richmond
2. Union forces suffered losses twice as high as the Confederates – Grant knew he was getting more
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B. Sherman Strikes the South
1.Lincoln needed a victory to help with his reelection campaign – Provided by William Tecumseh Sherman
2.Sherman took Atlanta and then moved on to Savannah, using total war – destroying everything in his path
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IV. The South Surrenders
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A. Fighting Ends1. By the Second week
of April 1865 Grant had Lee surrounded and had cut off his escaped route
2. April 9, 1865 Lee surrendered to Grant in the small town of Appomattox Courthouse
3. Lee’s men were allowed to keep their horses and were not tried for treason
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B. The Effects of the War
1. 620,000 Americans died2. Slavery ended3. The Southern economy was ruined4. Hostility remained between the
North and South