the top 6 challenges and opportunities in mission critical...

The top 6 challenges and opportunities in mission critical cooling

#DigitalEvolution

#InnovationDay

#EcoStruxure

Schneider Electric |

Presenter

Maurizio FrizzieroDirector, Cooling Product Management

Secure Power

Schneider Electric

Maurizio Frizziero

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New and Alternative

refrigerantsA crucial step in the fight against

climate change

RefrigerantsEvolving regulations

Confidential Property of Schneider Electric |

Montreal Protocol, in force from January 1st 1989 to

reduce the production and consumption of ozone depleting

substances

Kyoto Protocol, signed in 1998 and in force from

February 16th, 2006, to control the emissions of the main

human-emitted greenhouse gases (GHGs).

Kigali Agreement, signed by 197 nations, will enter into

force on January 1st, 2019 to reduce the consumption of

Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) of 80-85% by 2045

F-gas standard is forcing refrigerant charge reduction and

new greener refrigerants

Europe is leading the global phase down, however, this is a global trend which involves all countries

Technology evolutionTecnologies Vs available blends


R22 R407C

R134a

R1234yf

R513A

R1234ze

R410A

R32

R452B

R454B

1430

2088

7

631* GWP (Global Warming Potential)

675

470

676

417741810

Temperature glide

2002 (EU) 2005 2017

R134a, which evolution?Traditional and low GWP solutions on large chillers

HFC – R134a

• GWP = 1430

• Safety class A1 (not flammable)

HFO-HFC blend – R513A

• GWP = 631

• Safety class A1 (not flammable)

• Same capacity of R134a

HFO – R1234ze

• GWP = 7

• Safety class A2L (slightly flammable)

• 20% less capacity than R134a

Performances


R513A: the plug-and-play solution to comply with F-gas regulation, retrofittable on current unit with zero modifications

R1234ze: the solution to minimize environmental impact, and operate at extremely high outdoor and water temperatures

Operating limits

R1234ze: solution to allow high ambient and

temperature operation

Features

Flammability will probably impact on chiller selection, Water cooled to air cooled chiller

Alternatives to R410AR32,R452B and R454A


New refrigerants do not comply with current operation envelope, specialized units are necessary

Flammability will impact on large DX installations

Evaporating temperature °C Evaporating temperature °C

Condensin

gte

mpera

ture

°C

Condensin

gte

mpera

ture

°C

410A Vs R32 410A Vs R452B

Confort

cooling

IT cooling

Confort

cooling

IT cooling

Evolutions of

worldwide energy

standardsMinimum performances requirements

Global trend to efficiency standardsEnergy standards are required globally

Ecodesign Directive Regulation 2016/2281

• TIER I January 2018

• TIER II January 2021

Compliance with Department of Energy requirements (Certification Report to DOE)

MEPS regulation

• AS/NZS 4965 – 1/2 for CRACs

• AS/NZS 4776 for Chillers > 350 kW

Standard GB 19577-2015

• Minimum allowable values of energy efficiency and energy efficiency grades for water chillers


How to comply with Energy StandardsDesign rules and components selection

Operating conditions

• Datacenter air temperatures and

related water temperatures allows to

comply with Ecodesign

• High water temperaures allows

extend free-cooling operation and

consequent improved seasonal

efficiency

Technologies

• EC fans optimize efficiency in any

load and temperature conditions

• Tandem compressors optimize part

load efficiency and mixed free-

cooling operation

• VSD pumps allows efficiency

maximization based on varying loads

• VSD compressors adapt load to the

actual requirements and minimize

power consumption and Inrush

current

Design approach

• Redundant units ON which operate

at port load allow better seasonal

effieicny

• Single water loop reduce power

consupmtion of the system


Design with a Holistic

mindsetA higher view on design


White space

Electrical design

Water circuit

Improved building value – CAPEX optimizationIndirect air economizer improve and maximize the value of the building


White

space

Zero white space occupancy

Indirect air economizers removes cooling from the white space

• 30% more space is available in CoLo for their customers

• Enterprise datacenters may design a smaller facilities

CRACs and white space evolution in the last 18 years….

Data based on the same footprint

How technlogy adresses white space optimizaiton

• By 2020, the world will be a different

place…

• …IT cooling solution improvement

can’t stop….

• CRACs improved constantly on

Capacity in the last 18 years with an

incredible acceleration in the last few

years


Net

Sensib

leC

oolin

g[k

W]

+ 57% / +30%

2000 2005 2015 2018

White

space

VSD technologies reduce CAPEX for electrical infrastructureA way to reduce dependency on mechanical cooling

Variable Speed Drive compressors

• available on all capacities, new refrigerants add challenges

• improve energy efficiency

• reduce CAPital EXpense on electrical investment

• allow to install more capacity with the same electrical design

• Trim cooling allows on air economizers and trim cooling chillers to

reduce mechanical cooling size and to save CAPEX for the electrical

infrastructure

• 30% More Available Power for IT

• 8% CAPEX reduction, assuming downsized electrical backbone


Standard unit Trim cooling unit

Me

ch

an

ica

l co

olin

g

-40%

electrical

CAPEX reduction in electrical design - VSD oil-free compressorTechnology allows downsizeing

Features

• Starting current 100x less than a screw

compressor

• Full Load Amperage 30% less than a screw

compressor

• Less electrical stress to the unit

• Lower impact on the electrical lines with benefits

to the general reliability of the plant

• Less CAPEX for the electrical distribution grid

Savings

• Cabling

• 300kW: 3,8x more expensive

• 1MW: 1,4x more expensive

• Circuit breaker

• 300kW: no significant difference

• 1MW: 2x more expensive

• Main transformer

• A frame size can be saved

• Generator

• It potentially possible to reduce by one frame size the

power of the generatorConfidential Property of Schneider Electric |

electrical

Wide DeltaT OperationChilled water plan optimization

What does it mean to shift design from

6°C deltaT 10°C

CAPEX improvement

• saving on hydraulic infrastructure, single loop is

required

• pressure drop reduction up to 80kPa

OPEX saving

• Pump power saving: -20%

• Extended economizer mode: +6°C

• Less power consumption on fan side: -25%

•Site: Paris

•Unit: BREF2812A + HDCV5500HT

•Unit Capacity: 1000kW

•Design water temperature: 20°C


water

Data Centers are

getting larger & smaller

“….By 2021, the world will have 628

hyperscale DCs…”

Global Data Center IP traffic growthIP WAN networks are projected to reach 3.3 ZB per year by 2021

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6

11

16

21

26

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Ze

tta

byte

spe

r yea

r

Years


Hyperscale data centers will grow from 338 in number at the end

of 2016 to 628 by 2021. They will represent 53% of all installed

data center servers by 2021.

Traffic within hyperscale data centers will quadruple by 2021.

Hyperscale data centers already account for 39% of total traffic

within all data centers and will account for 55% by 2021.

By 2021, 94 percent of workloads and compute instances will be

processed by cloud data centers; 6 percent will be processed by

traditional data centers.

Cloud & Service providers +20% within 2020, is this enough?

The typical Cloud network architecture has shortfalls


• Applications

• Databases

• Services

Latency

Bandwidth

Regulations

Social and internet

sources

Industrial Internet of

Things

Internet of Things

latency, bandwidth, regulations are questioning this architecture


Latest trend on Data Centers infrastructure

CloudApplications | Databases |

Services

Edge data centerApplications

Service


Service


ServiceSocial and

internet sources

Industrial

Internet of Things

Internet of Things

Edge / Cloud & Service Provider

Both XXL and XXS cooling units are and will be crucial to sustain digital growth

Cooling sized for

higher temperaturesHow to design and select

Design on optimum temperatures

How to design next generation datacenters

How to maximize efficency based on increased temperatures

• ASHRAE guidelines allow operation at high operating temperatures

(18°C to 27°C)

• New operating envelope allows maximization of air and water

economization systems

• Air economizers and CRAC/H need to be designed and optimized in

order to leverage as much as possible on new temperatures

Combination between ASHRAE guidelines and latest technologies

must be the new best practices in Datacenter design


High temperature water designsaving OPEX and CAPEX

*Paris climate conditions, constant thermal load 1MW, data refer to chiller only

• Traditional temperatures do not optimize summer and economization

mode

• It is advantageous to move from traditional 7°C or 10°C operation to

higher values, up to 20°C

High water temperatures…

• …are mandatory to comply with ASHRAE standards

• …improve OPEX since these optimize the cooling circuit and extend

economization operation

• ….allow CAPEX reduction since the chillers can be downsized


-40%

Annualenerg

yconsum

ption

(kW

h)

Minimum PUE with Air economizers

*Paris climate conditions, constant thermal load 1MW, N+1 redundancy, deltaT:14°C, water cost 1.74€/m3, 0.1€/kWh

**Supply air temperature 25°C, deltaT:14°C, constant thermal load 1MW, N+1 redundancy

New ASHRAE recommendations allow wide application of indirect air economizers


22 25 27Set-point [°C]

1-y

ea

r O

PE

X* -12%

10 12 14Air delta T

Co

olin

g c

apa

city

+44%

Economization-based

design and selectionA different approach

Economization-based design and selectionsA different approachì

Use of water

• PUE Vs WUE, what is the best

compromize?

• Water availability or not is a key

driver

• Some evaporative solutions allow

recirculation

Free-cooling / economization

• Design based on freecooling /

economization hours available in that

localized climate

• High Return temperatures are

needed to leverage ambient Dry/Wet

bulb temperatures

• Hot aisle containment is a must to

leverage Free Cooling

Economization

Reduce dependancy on

mechanical cooling

• Select VSD technologies and size

mechanical cooling on real

requirements

• Use technologies based on

economization

• Prefer adiabatic and evaporative

solutions


WU

E

pP

UE

-150

50

250

-7 -3 1 5 9 13172125293337

Absorb

ed p

ow

er

[kW

]

Outdoor temperature [°C]

w/o adiabatic w/ adiabatic

No adiabatic More

economization

Less power

consumtion

Different design visionLow

tem

pera

ture

are

as

Water available

No mechanical cooling required

Hig

h te

mp

era

ture

are

as

No water available

Mechanical cooling required Confidential Property of Schneider Electric |

Economization-based design and

selection

Cooling sized for higher

temperatures

Data Centers are getting larger &

smaller

Minimum performances

requirements

Design with a Holistic

mindset

New and alternative

refrigerants

Global

commercial

engagement

Tailored products

& solutions

Tailored supply chain

& project execution

Specialized ongoing

service & support

Page 3Confidential Property of Schneider Electric |

Wide test capabilities

+

End-to-end capabilitiesSchneider Electric cooling is your partner to win these challenges

Designed, developed

and validated to be

The Uniflair range of

modular cooling

solution include

Chillers

easy

efficient

TCO based including data

center, cloud and

edge computing

They deliver

Precise temperature and

humidity control

for critical IT and

Infrastructure environments

Room and inrow

air conditioners

Air economizers

Access floor

flexible

Main takeaways

Designing with economizers is the new baseline

Higher temperatures to maximize economizer hours

Data centers are getting larger and smaller

Design holistically and leverage technology, VSD, trim cooling, etc.

Energy standards are a challenge that drive equipment specialization

New refrigerants are not greenwashing

#DigitalEvolution #EcoStruxure #InnovationDay

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