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The Visual System

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Page 1: The Visual System...Vitreous chamber (contains vitreous body) MEDIAL Central retinal artery and vein Scleral venous sinus (canal of Schlemm) Anterior chamber Posterior chamber Op ic

The Visual System

Page 2: The Visual System...Vitreous chamber (contains vitreous body) MEDIAL Central retinal artery and vein Scleral venous sinus (canal of Schlemm) Anterior chamber Posterior chamber Op ic

Anatomy of the eye

Page 3: The Visual System...Vitreous chamber (contains vitreous body) MEDIAL Central retinal artery and vein Scleral venous sinus (canal of Schlemm) Anterior chamber Posterior chamber Op ic

Anatomy of the eye

Page 4: The Visual System...Vitreous chamber (contains vitreous body) MEDIAL Central retinal artery and vein Scleral venous sinus (canal of Schlemm) Anterior chamber Posterior chamber Op ic

Anatomy of the eye

Page 5: The Visual System...Vitreous chamber (contains vitreous body) MEDIAL Central retinal artery and vein Scleral venous sinus (canal of Schlemm) Anterior chamber Posterior chamber Op ic

Anatomy of the eye

Page 6: The Visual System...Vitreous chamber (contains vitreous body) MEDIAL Central retinal artery and vein Scleral venous sinus (canal of Schlemm) Anterior chamber Posterior chamber Op ic

Anatomy of the eye

Page 7: The Visual System...Vitreous chamber (contains vitreous body) MEDIAL Central retinal artery and vein Scleral venous sinus (canal of Schlemm) Anterior chamber Posterior chamber Op ic
Page 8: The Visual System...Vitreous chamber (contains vitreous body) MEDIAL Central retinal artery and vein Scleral venous sinus (canal of Schlemm) Anterior chamber Posterior chamber Op ic
Page 9: The Visual System...Vitreous chamber (contains vitreous body) MEDIAL Central retinal artery and vein Scleral venous sinus (canal of Schlemm) Anterior chamber Posterior chamber Op ic
Page 10: The Visual System...Vitreous chamber (contains vitreous body) MEDIAL Central retinal artery and vein Scleral venous sinus (canal of Schlemm) Anterior chamber Posterior chamber Op ic
Page 11: The Visual System...Vitreous chamber (contains vitreous body) MEDIAL Central retinal artery and vein Scleral venous sinus (canal of Schlemm) Anterior chamber Posterior chamber Op ic
Page 12: The Visual System...Vitreous chamber (contains vitreous body) MEDIAL Central retinal artery and vein Scleral venous sinus (canal of Schlemm) Anterior chamber Posterior chamber Op ic

Intraocular Fluid

Page 13: The Visual System...Vitreous chamber (contains vitreous body) MEDIAL Central retinal artery and vein Scleral venous sinus (canal of Schlemm) Anterior chamber Posterior chamber Op ic

Intraocular Fluid

Glaucoma

Page 14: The Visual System...Vitreous chamber (contains vitreous body) MEDIAL Central retinal artery and vein Scleral venous sinus (canal of Schlemm) Anterior chamber Posterior chamber Op ic

Retina

▪ Pigmented layer

▪ Photoreceptors

▪ Bipolar cells

▪ Ganglion cells

▪ Horizontal cell

▪ Amacrine cell

Page 15: The Visual System...Vitreous chamber (contains vitreous body) MEDIAL Central retinal artery and vein Scleral venous sinus (canal of Schlemm) Anterior chamber Posterior chamber Op ic
Page 16: The Visual System...Vitreous chamber (contains vitreous body) MEDIAL Central retinal artery and vein Scleral venous sinus (canal of Schlemm) Anterior chamber Posterior chamber Op ic

Retina

▪ Pigmented layer

▪ Photoreceptors

▪ Bipolar cells

▪ Ganglion cells

▪ Horizontal cell

▪ Amacrine cell

Page 17: The Visual System...Vitreous chamber (contains vitreous body) MEDIAL Central retinal artery and vein Scleral venous sinus (canal of Schlemm) Anterior chamber Posterior chamber Op ic

Photoreceptors

▪ Cones

▪ Rods

Page 18: The Visual System...Vitreous chamber (contains vitreous body) MEDIAL Central retinal artery and vein Scleral venous sinus (canal of Schlemm) Anterior chamber Posterior chamber Op ic

Photoreceptors

▪ Cones

▪ Rods

Page 19: The Visual System...Vitreous chamber (contains vitreous body) MEDIAL Central retinal artery and vein Scleral venous sinus (canal of Schlemm) Anterior chamber Posterior chamber Op ic

Photoreceptors

▪ Cones

▪ Rods

Page 20: The Visual System...Vitreous chamber (contains vitreous body) MEDIAL Central retinal artery and vein Scleral venous sinus (canal of Schlemm) Anterior chamber Posterior chamber Op ic

Light Detection

Page 21: The Visual System...Vitreous chamber (contains vitreous body) MEDIAL Central retinal artery and vein Scleral venous sinus (canal of Schlemm) Anterior chamber Posterior chamber Op ic

Photoreceptors

▪ Cones

▪ Rods

Page 22: The Visual System...Vitreous chamber (contains vitreous body) MEDIAL Central retinal artery and vein Scleral venous sinus (canal of Schlemm) Anterior chamber Posterior chamber Op ic
Page 23: The Visual System...Vitreous chamber (contains vitreous body) MEDIAL Central retinal artery and vein Scleral venous sinus (canal of Schlemm) Anterior chamber Posterior chamber Op ic

Night blindness

Page 24: The Visual System...Vitreous chamber (contains vitreous body) MEDIAL Central retinal artery and vein Scleral venous sinus (canal of Schlemm) Anterior chamber Posterior chamber Op ic
Page 25: The Visual System...Vitreous chamber (contains vitreous body) MEDIAL Central retinal artery and vein Scleral venous sinus (canal of Schlemm) Anterior chamber Posterior chamber Op ic

▪ Macular Degeneration

▪ age-related macular degeneration

▪ juvenile macular degeneration

“Stargardt disease”

Page 26: The Visual System...Vitreous chamber (contains vitreous body) MEDIAL Central retinal artery and vein Scleral venous sinus (canal of Schlemm) Anterior chamber Posterior chamber Op ic

Normal vision

Vision with

Macular

Degeneration

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/Eye_disease_simulation%2C_age-related_macular_degeneration.jpg
Page 27: The Visual System...Vitreous chamber (contains vitreous body) MEDIAL Central retinal artery and vein Scleral venous sinus (canal of Schlemm) Anterior chamber Posterior chamber Op ic

Retinitis pigmentosa

Page 28: The Visual System...Vitreous chamber (contains vitreous body) MEDIAL Central retinal artery and vein Scleral venous sinus (canal of Schlemm) Anterior chamber Posterior chamber Op ic
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=imgres&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwiy6KbSpoLgAhVS6KQKHUHMAIwQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.webmd.com%2Feye-health%2Fwhat-is-retinitis-pigmentosa&psig=AOvVaw221AhIlCcYlfejcKDw5lyG&ust=1548277862472073
Page 29: The Visual System...Vitreous chamber (contains vitreous body) MEDIAL Central retinal artery and vein Scleral venous sinus (canal of Schlemm) Anterior chamber Posterior chamber Op ic

Ganglionic Cells Subtypes

Melanopsin

ganglionic cells

Page 30: The Visual System...Vitreous chamber (contains vitreous body) MEDIAL Central retinal artery and vein Scleral venous sinus (canal of Schlemm) Anterior chamber Posterior chamber Op ic

XY

Page 31: The Visual System...Vitreous chamber (contains vitreous body) MEDIAL Central retinal artery and vein Scleral venous sinus (canal of Schlemm) Anterior chamber Posterior chamber Op ic

XY

▪ Position

▪ Receptive field

▪ Details

▪ movement

W

Page 32: The Visual System...Vitreous chamber (contains vitreous body) MEDIAL Central retinal artery and vein Scleral venous sinus (canal of Schlemm) Anterior chamber Posterior chamber Op ic

VISUAL PATHWAY

Page 33: The Visual System...Vitreous chamber (contains vitreous body) MEDIAL Central retinal artery and vein Scleral venous sinus (canal of Schlemm) Anterior chamber Posterior chamber Op ic

Primary visual cortex

Page 34: The Visual System...Vitreous chamber (contains vitreous body) MEDIAL Central retinal artery and vein Scleral venous sinus (canal of Schlemm) Anterior chamber Posterior chamber Op ic

1) The retinohypothalamic pathway

• day/night cycle and circadian

rhythm

Page 35: The Visual System...Vitreous chamber (contains vitreous body) MEDIAL Central retinal artery and vein Scleral venous sinus (canal of Schlemm) Anterior chamber Posterior chamber Op ic

2) The Pretectum

• pupillary light reflex

Page 36: The Visual System...Vitreous chamber (contains vitreous body) MEDIAL Central retinal artery and vein Scleral venous sinus (canal of Schlemm) Anterior chamber Posterior chamber Op ic

Pupillary Light

Reflex

Page 37: The Visual System...Vitreous chamber (contains vitreous body) MEDIAL Central retinal artery and vein Scleral venous sinus (canal of Schlemm) Anterior chamber Posterior chamber Op ic

Olivary pretectal nucleus

Edinger-Westphal

nucleus

Page 38: The Visual System...Vitreous chamber (contains vitreous body) MEDIAL Central retinal artery and vein Scleral venous sinus (canal of Schlemm) Anterior chamber Posterior chamber Op ic

Edinger-Westphal nucleus

Page 39: The Visual System...Vitreous chamber (contains vitreous body) MEDIAL Central retinal artery and vein Scleral venous sinus (canal of Schlemm) Anterior chamber Posterior chamber Op ic

3) Superior colliculus

Page 40: The Visual System...Vitreous chamber (contains vitreous body) MEDIAL Central retinal artery and vein Scleral venous sinus (canal of Schlemm) Anterior chamber Posterior chamber Op ic

To superior

colliculus

Page 41: The Visual System...Vitreous chamber (contains vitreous body) MEDIAL Central retinal artery and vein Scleral venous sinus (canal of Schlemm) Anterior chamber Posterior chamber Op ic

Visual Pathways


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