the vulnerability of international migrants in rural areas of udon thani and khon kaen,thailand...
TRANSCRIPT
The Vulnerability of International The Vulnerability of International Migrants in Rural Areas of Udon Thani Migrants in Rural Areas of Udon Thani
and Khon Kaen,and Khon Kaen,ThailandThailand
Associate Professor Sukanya AimimthamAssociate Professor Sukanya AimimthamKhon Kaen UniversityKhon Kaen University
ThailandThailandJuly 11, 2007July 11, 2007
Oversea MigrantOversea Migrant
300 samplings 300 samplings were explored were explored with in-depth with in-depth interview casesinterview cases..
Working on farmWorking on farm
Caused byCaused by
- the country’s uneven the country’s uneven economic & social economic & social developmentdevelopment
- rising unemployment - rising unemployment figures figures
Oversea Migration in ThailandOversea Migration in Thailand
History of sending workers abroadHistory of sending workers abroad
• Started during the 1950s and 1960s Started during the 1950s and 1960s when growing numbers of Thais went when growing numbers of Thais went to study.to study.
• The 1970s and 1980s thousands of The 1970s and 1980s thousands of Thai’s sought employment.Thai’s sought employment.
• Most of them are from the North and Most of them are from the North and the Northeast the Northeast
• In 1992, the estimated of Thais In 1992, the estimated of Thais working abroad was close to half a working abroad was close to half a million.million.
• In 1995 they are officially report to a In 1995 they are officially report to a peak of 202,300 personspeak of 202,300 persons
• Laborers from the Northeast are still Laborers from the Northeast are still in the top most in terms of number.in the top most in terms of number.
Returnee’s interviewReturnee’s interview
• Most of them received foreign work permits through private agents
• Commission to work overseas and related cost was very high.
• Most laborers acquired loan from sources other than bank.
Province Male Female Total
Udon Thani 8,717 1,286 10,003
Nakhon Ratchasima 6,689 1,087 7,776
Khon Kaen 4,645 630 5,275
Burirum 4,053 606 4,659
Chaiyaphoum 3,815 556 4,371
Nong Khai 3,419 494 3,913
Sakon Nakhon 2,719 384 3,103
Nakhon Phanom 2,771 243 3,014
Nong Bualumphu 2,225 281 2,506
Northeastern Thai Overseas Laborers by Province (2001).
Migrants’ Father and Father-in-Law
Province Total
Khon Kaen 9,930Chai Yaphoum 8,828Nakhon Phanom 6,152Nakhon Ratchasima 14,355Burirum 9,233Sakon Nakhon 6,828Nong Khai 9,091Udon Thani 21,724
Total 110,898
Number of Thailand laborers working abroad in the Northeast (The 8th highest ranking provinces)
Migrants’ son
ResultResult• Occupation ChangesOccupation Changes• Consumption Life Style changesConsumption Life Style changes
ResultsResults
Some of the returneesSome of the returnees
- have money to buy land- have money to buy land
- become moneylenders- become moneylenders
- have higher social status- have higher social status
The VulnerabilityThe Vulnerability
• Worrying about familyWorrying about family
HomesicknessHomesickness
• Debts Debts
• Family unhappiness, Broken FamiliesFamily unhappiness, Broken Families
• Unable to adapt to new environmentUnable to adapt to new environment
• Psychological problemsPsychological problems
• Low wagesLow wages
ConclusionConclusion
Law EnforcementEnforcement G to G G to G
Intervention to Recruitment Process,Intervention to Recruitment Process, Job Position, Returnee ProgramJob Position, Returnee Program